Relationship between Interpersonal Communication with

Participation of Toddler’s Mothers in Posyandu Activities

of a Puskesmas

Bukhari

, Arlinda Sari Wahyuni

, Selamat Ginting

Public Health Faculty of STIKesLhoksemawe, Aceh, Indonesia

Public Health Faculty of DELI HUSADA Health Institute, Deli Tua, Indonesia

Keywords: Interpersonal Communication, Toddler’s Mother, Participation on Posyandu Activities.

Abstract: This study aims to determine the relationship of maternal interpersonal communication participation in

Posyandu activities in KutaBlang Health Center, Bireuen Regency. This research is descriptive and cross

sectional in mothers who have children under five years as many as 91 people through interviews with

questionnaires. The results showed participation mothers in Posyandu activities amounted to 68.1%, there

was a significant interpersonal communication relationship (openness with RP = 2.3 95% C1 = 1,321 to

4,296 • empathy 2.6 95% CI = 1,560 to 4,586; support with RP = 2 , 5 95% CI = 1,432 to 4,504; positive

attitude with RP = X3.0 95% CI = 1,632 to 5,577 and equality with RP = 2.6 95% CI = 1,394 to 5,038) with

maternal participation. Interpersonal communication has a significant relationship with maternal

participation because it has a p-value <α 005. The most dominant relationship with maternal participation in

Posyandu cadre activities is position, which has a relationship of 8,616 times (2,352 to 31,569). It is

recommended to posyandu cadres to show good empathy in interpersonal communication with mothers, and

toddlers mothers should provide good participation.

1 INTRODUCTION

Health workers play an important role in efforts to

improve health, but the expected coverage has not

gone as expected. Efforts to increase community

participation are needed one of them through cadre

(Winda, 2014).

Based on the profit of the Aceh Health Service

(2011), the Government of Aceh as part of the State of

Indonesia needs special attention, due to political

pressure due to the prolonged conflict and from 1998

to 2006, followed by the earthquake followed by the

tsunami wave at the end of December 2004, destroy

infrastructure and have a psychological impact on

society and have a negative influence on the

implementation of Integrated Healthcare Center

activities. The number and percentage of Integrated

Healthcare Center by district/city were 64.09%

classified as Integrated Healthcare Center,

22.99%Integrated Healthcare Center, 7.46% Integrated

Healthcare Center full moon and 1.71% independent

strata.

One of the effects of the low participation of

mothers in Integrated Healthcare Center activities is

the pattern of growth and development of children

under five who are not controlled, the emergence of

various diseases in children under five, the nutritional

status of infants is not fulfilled so it is feared that it

could threaten the quality of human resources as the

nation's next-generation (Puskesmas Kuta Blang,

2018).

To increase the use of Integrated Healthcare

Center, it is necessary to source accurate information

in conducting interpersonal communication with

mothers who have children under five in the working

area of the Health Center.

2 RESEARCH PURPOSES

General Purpose, in this study to determine the

interpersonal communication cadre of Integrated

Healthcare Center with the participation of mothers

who have toddlers in Integrated Healthcare Center

activities. Specific Objectives, the relationship of

618

Bukhari, ., Wahyuni, A. and Ginting, S.

Relationship between Interpersonal Communication with Participation of Toddler’s Mothers in Posyandu Activities of a Puskesmas.

DOI: 10.5220/0010021006180625

In Proceedings of the International Conference on Health Informatics and Medical Application Technology (ICHIMAT 2019), pages 618-625

ISBN: 978-989-758-460-2

openness with maternal participation, the relationship

of empathy with maternal participation, the

relationship of supportive attitude with maternal

participation, the relationship of positive attitude with

maternal participation, and the relationship of

equality with maternal participation.

2.1 Literature Review

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect

of parents' attachments, media exposures and peers

on adolescent early sexual behavior in the Middle

School 4 Middle School in TebingTinggi City in

2019 ".

2.2 Factors That Influence

Communication

According to Joseph De Vito (2001) in Carlita

(2011), the factors that influence communication

through a humanistic approach are as follows; (I)

Openness, (2) Empathy, (3) Supporting attitude, (4)

Positive attitude, (5) Equality.

1. Openness

Openness consists of three aspects that are common

in interpersonal communication, namely: the

willingness to open information about one's own self

which is usually hidden, the willingness to react

honestly to the message conveyed, and want to

acknowledge the thoughts and feelings that are felt.

Openness is realized when health workers/cadres

want to be open and honestly inform the public

about disease information, health care, treatment

measures and the development of public health

conditions.

2. Empathy

To empathize with someone is to feel what the

person feels, to experience what the person is

experiencing. The condition of empathy can be

realized if the hospital is willing to give attention

and know what is being discussed and what is the

patient's desire and needs. Empathy can be verbal or

non-verbal (facial expressions, eye contact,

mindfulposture, and physical closeness and proper

touch or caress).

3. Supporting attitude

A supportive attitude is realized through the ability

of health workers to be able to explain clearly and in

detail about disease information, medical actions

taken and the development of community conditions

so that they feel comfortable and not afraid.

4. Positive attitude

A positive attitude in interpersonal communication

is demonstrated in two ways; to express a positive

attitude, and give praise to others. A positive attitude

can be communicated verbally or non-verbally for

example by smiling, positive facial expressions,

attentive attitudes, verbal positive expressions,

eliminating negative judgments.

5. Mother's participation

According to Mikkelsen (1999) dividing

participation into 6 (six) terms, namely (1)

Participation in the voluntary contribution of the

community to the project without participating in

decision making; (2) Participation is "sensitizing"

(sensitizing) the community to increase the

willingness to accept and the ability to respond to

development projects; (3) Participation is voluntary

involvement by the community in changes that it

determines on its own; (4) Participation is an active

process, which means that the person or group

concerned, takes the initiative and uses his / her

freedom to do so; (5) Participation is the

strengthening of dialogue between the local

community and staff who carry out the preparation,

implementation, monitoring of the project, so as to

obtain information about the local context, and

social impacts; and (6) Participation is community

involvement in the development of themselves, their

lives, and their environment.

3 RESEARCH METHOD

This type of research, this research is descriptive

through the cross-sectional approach. Population and

sample; The study population was all mothers in the

working area of KutaBlangPuskesmas with a total of

41 villages (926 people). The sample in this study

was taken using a cluster sampling technique of 91

respondents. Research variable; is cadre

interpersonal communication to mothers who have

children under five, which consists of openness,

empathy, supportive attitude, positive attitude and

equality in the working area of

KutablangPuskesmasBireuen Regency: Data

collection consists of primary data and secondary

data. Primary data is data obtained from

observations/observations, interviews and

questionnaires/questionnaires that have been

prepared include independent variables that are

interpersonal communication, the dependent variable

is the participation of mothers. While secondary data

in the form of data obtained from certain parties or

others. In this study, secondary data were obtained

from KutablangPuskesmas documents, other people

and family members of respondents. Research

instruments and measurement methods; Researchers

Relationship between Interpersonal Communication with Participation of Toddler’s Mothers in Posyandu Activities of a Puskesmas

619

collecting data using a questionnaire that has been

tested for validity and reliability.

4 RESEARCH RESULTS

4.1 Univariate Analysis

In the table below we can see the results of

interpersonal communication provided by respondents

Table 1: Cadre Interpersonal Communication

Variabel penelitian Jumlah (%)

Independen

Openness

Well 60

65.9

Less 31

34,1

Total 91

100

Empathy

Well 72

79,1

Less 19

20.9

Total 91

100

Supporting attitude

Well 64

70,2

Less 27

29,7

Total 91

100

Positive Attitude

Baik 59

64,8

Less 32

35,2

Total 91

100

Equality

Well 53

58,2

Less 38

41,8

Total 91

100

Dependen

Mother's participation

Well 62

68,1

Less 29

31,9

Total 91

100,0

Table 1. Shows that for the openness of the 91

respondents studied there were 60 respondents who

stated that the cadres had good openness, for

empathy there were 72 respondents who stated that

the cadres had good empathy, for the supportive

attitude there were 64 respondents who said the

leader had a good supportive attitude, for positive

attitudes there are 59 respondents who stated the

leader had a good positive attitude, for equality there

were 53 respondents who said that cadr had good

equality and for the dependent variable mother

participation of 91 respondents studied the most

prominent was in the good category of 62

respondents.

4.2 Bivariate Analysis

4.2.1 The Relationship between Cadre

Openness and Mother's Participation

Table 2: Relationship between Cadre Openness and

Participation of Mothers who have Toddler in Posyandu

Activities

Openess

Mother's participation

Amount

p-value

Well Less

Cadre n % n % n %

Well 47 51,6 13 14,3 60 65,9

0,005

Less 15 16,5 16 17,6 31 34,1

Total 62 68,1 29 31,9 91 100

The above table shows that respondents who

rated good cadre openness had good participation as

many as 47 mothers (51.6%) and those who had less

participation were 13 mothers (14.3%). Respondents

who rated cadre openness lacked good participation

by 15 people (16.5%) and those who had less

participation by 16 people (17.6%). This shows that

p = 0.005 (p <0.05) means that there is a relationship

between the openness of cadres and the participation

of mothers in Integrated Healthcare Center activities

in the work area of Kutablang Puskesmas in Bireuen

Regency.

4.2.2 Relationship between Cadre Empathy

and Mother's Participation

Table 3: Relationship between Cadre Empathy and

Participation of Mothers who have Toddlers in Posyandu

Activities

Empathy

Mother's participation

Amount

p-value

Well Less

Cadre n % n % n %

Well 55 60,4 17 18,7 72 79,1

0,002

Less 7 7,7 12 13,2 19 20,9

Total 62 68,1 29 31,9 91 100

The above table shows that respondents who

rated good cadre empathy had good participation as

many as 55 mothers (60.4%) and those who had less

participation were 17 mothers (18.7%). Respondents

who rated cadre empathy lacked good participation

as many as 7 mothers (7.7%) and those who had less

ICHIMAT 2019 - International Conference on Health Informatics and Medical Application Technology

620

participation were 12 mothers (13.2%). This shows

that p = 0.002 (p <0.05) means that there is a

relationship between the cadre's empathy and the

participation of mothers in Integrated Healthcare

Center activities in the work area of

KutablangPuskesmas in Bireuen Regency.

4.2.3 Relationship between Attitude

Supporting Cadres and Mother's

Participation

Table 4: Relationship between Attitudes Supporting

Cadres and Participation of Mothers who have children

under five in Posyandu Activities

Supporting

attitude

Mother's participation

Amount

p-value

Well Less

Cadre n % n % n %

Well 50 54,9 14 18,7 72 79,1

0,002

Less 12 13,2 15 13,2 19 20,9

Total 62 68,1 29 31,9 91 100

The table above shows that respondents who

rated good cadre support attitude had good

participation of 50 mothers (54.9%) and those who

had less participation were 14 mothers (15.4%).

Respondents who rated the attitude of supporting

cadres lacked good participation by 12 mothers

(13.2%) and those who had less participation by 15

mothers (16.5%). This shows that p=0.003 (p <0.05)

means that there is a relationship between the

attitude of supporting cadres and the participation of

mothers in Integrated Healthcare Center activities in

the work area of Kutamblang Puskesmas in Bireuen

Regency.

4.2.4 Relationship between Cadre's Positive

Attitude and Mother's Participation

Table 5: Relationship between Cadre's Positive Attitude

and Participation of Mothers who have Toddler in

Posyandu Activities

Positive

attitude

Mother's participation

Amount

p-value

Well Less

Cadre n % n % n %

Well 48 52,7 11 18,7 72 79,1

0,002

Less 14 15,4 18 13,2 19 20,9

Total 62 68,1 29 31,9 91 100

The above table shows that respondents who

rated the cadre's positive attitude as having good

participation were 48 mothers (52.7%) and those

who had less participation were 11 mothers (12.1%).

Respondents who rated the cadre's positive attitude

lacked good participation as many as 14 mothers

(15.4%) and who had less participation as many as

18 mothers (19.8%). This shows that p = 0,000 (p

<0.05) means that there is a relationship between the

cadre's positive attitude and the participation of

mothers in Integrated Healthcare Center activities in

the working area of KutablangPuskesmas in Bireuen

Regency.

4.2.5 Relationship between Cadre Equality

and Mother's Participation

Table 6: Relationship between Cadre Equality and

Participation of Mothers who have Toddler in Posyandu

Activities.

Equality

Mother's participation

Amount

p-value

Well Less

Cadre n % n % n %

Well 43 47,3 10 18,7 72 79,1

0,002

Less 19 20,9 19 13,2 19 20,9

Total 62 68,1 29 31,9 91 100

The above table shows that respondents who

rated equality of cadres as good had good

participation of 43 mothers (47.3%) and those who

had less participation were 10 mothers (11.0%).

Respondents who rated the equality of leaders as

lacking good participation were 19 mothers (20.9%)

and those who had less participation were 19

mothers (20.9%). This shows that p = 0.003 (p

<0.05) means that there is a relationship between

cadre equality and maternal participation in

Integrated Healthcare Center activities in the

working area of KutablangPuskesmas in Bireuen

Regency.

4.3 Multivariat Analysis

Table 7: Results of Logistic Regression Analysis on

Independent Variables

Variabel

Independen

value

Exp

(B)

95% CI

Openess

0,665 0,003 0,138 0,038 -0,508.

Empaty

0,779 0,000 0,057 0,012 - 0,264

Supporting

attitude

0,731 0,086 0,286 0,068 - 1,196

Positive

Attitude

0,680 0,045 0,2 0,067 - 969

Equality

0,694 0,186 0,399 0,102 - 1,555

Constant

0,849 0,000 48,90

Relationship between Interpersonal Communication with Participation of Toddler’s Mothers in Posyandu Activities of a Puskesmas

621

In this modeling, all candidates are tested

together with multiple logistic regression analysis

using the enter method. Based on the results of the

analysis above, two variables have a p-value> a =

0.05, namely the attitude variable supports cadres

who have a p-value of 0.086 and the cadre equality

variable with a p-value of 0.186, so that these

variables are excluded and the multivariate model.

The second stage of the test is then carried out with

the following results:

Table 8: Table analysis results of data analysis

Variabel

Independen

P-value

Exp

(B)

95 /o CI

Openess 0,606 0,001 6,906 2,107

Empathy 0,663 0,001 8,616 2,352

Positive Attitude 0,597 0,000 8,585 2,585

Constant 0,852 0,000 0,040

The results of the analysis found that the cadre

empathy variable has a greater relationship than the

cadre openness variable and the cadre's positive

attitude. The cadre empathy variable has a

relationship of 8,616 times (2,352 - 31,569) with the

participation of mothers in Integrated Healthcare

Center activities.

5 DISCUSSION

5.1 The Relationship between Cadre

Openness and Mother's

Participation

The results of the study about the openness of

Integrated Healthcare Center leader variables,

namely mothers who rate good cadre openness have

good participation as many as 47 mothers (51.6%)

while mothers who rate openness of cadres less only

participate well as many as 15 people (16.5%). Chi-

square test results between openness and maternal

participation in Integrated Healthcare Center

activities obtained a p-value of 0.005 <(a = 0.05), so

it can be concluded that there is a significant

relationship between the openness of cadres and

maternal participation in Integrated Healthcare

Center activities. The results of the analysis also

obtained a Prevalence Ratio (RP) of 2.382, meaning

that mothers who received good openness from

Integrated Healthcare Center cadres had twice the

chance to participate either compared to those who

lacked openness from Integrated Healthcare Center

cadres.

Rahmawati's research (2007), openness will

encourage individuals to express everything that will

be discussed and is one of the important elements

that can influence someone to act better. Effective

interpersonal communication must be open to the

people they are interacting with and there should be

a willingness to open up to reveal information that is

usually hidden by others. We want people to react

openly to what we say and we have the right to

expect Ml. There is nothing worse than indifference,

even disagreement is much more pleasant.

5.2 Relationship between Cadre

Empathy and Mother's

Participation

The results of the study on cadre empathy variables

found that mothers who rated good cadre empathy

had good participation of 55 mothers (60.4%) while

mothers who rated cadre empathy were less likely to

participate only as much as 7 people (7.7%). Chi-

square test results between cadre empathy and

maternal participation in Integrated Healthcare

Center activities obtained a p-value of 0.002 <(a =

0.05), so it can be stated that there is a significant

relationship between cadre empathy and maternal

participation in Integrated Healthcare Center

activities. The analysis also obtained an RP value of

2.675, meaning that mothers who get good empathy

from Integrated Healthcare Center cadres have a

2.675 times greater chance of participating either

compared to those who lack empathy from

Integrated Healthcare Center cadres.

This is by the opinion of Devito (1997) that

empathy is as "one's ability to 'know' what is being

experienced by others at a certain time, from the

other person's perspective, through the eyes of other

people. With good empathy from Integrated

Healthcare Center cadres, then cadres will feel what

will be experienced by mothers who will participate

in Integrated Healthcare Center activities. In this

study, there is an empathetic relationship between

cadres with the participation of mothers to

participate.

5.3 Relationship between Attitude

Supporting Cadres and Mother's

Participation

The results of the study of the attitude supporting

cadres variables showed that mothers who rated

good supporting cadres' attitudes had good

ICHIMAT 2019 - International Conference on Health Informatics and Medical Application Technology

622

participation of 50 people (54.9%) while mothers

who rated the attitude of supporting cadres less only

participated well as many as 12 people (13.2%).

Chi-square test results between the attitude of

supporting cadres and the participation of mothers in

Integrated Healthcare Center activities obtained a p-

value of 0.003 <(a = 0.05), so it was stated that there

was a significant relationship between the attitude of

supporting cadres and maternal participation. The

results of the analysis also obtained an RP value of

2.540, meaning that mothers who get a good

supportive attitude from integrated Healthcare

Centercadres 2,540 times more likely to participate

in Integrated Healthcare Center activities compared

to those who lack supportive attitude from Integrated

Healthcare Center cadres.

This is in agreement with Nurhayati (2013),

Supporting attitude of cadres when conducting

interpersonal communication is an attitude that

commits to support the implementation of open

interaction about the implementation of Posyandu

activities.

The supporting attitude from cadres shows a

supportive attitude by being descriptive and

spontaneous giving support to mothers.

5.4 Relationship between Cadre's

Positive Attitude and Mother's

Participation

The results of the study about the cadre's positive

attitude variable showed that mothers who rated the

cadre's positive attitude as good had good

participation of 48 people (52.7%) while those who

rated the cadre's positive attitude less only

participated well as many as 14 people (15.4%).

Chi-square test results between cadre's positive

attitude and maternal participation in Integrated

Healthcare Center activities obtained a p-value of

0,000 <(a = 0.05), so it was stated that there was a

significant relationship between cadre's positive

attitude and maternal participation. The analysis also

obtained an RP value of 3.017, meaning that

mothers who get a positive attitude both from

Integrated Healthcare Center cadres have an

opportunity of 3,017 times more likely to participate

in Integrated Healthcare Center activities compared

to those who lack the positive attitude of Integrated

Healthcare Center cadres.

According to Devito (1997), in conducting

interpersonal communication our officers

communicate positive attitudes in interpersonal

communication in at least two ways: (1) express a

positive attitude and (2) positively encourage people

who are friends to scat interact. Interpersonal

communication is fostered if a person has a positive

attitude towards themselves and positive feelings for

the communication situation, in general, are very

important for effective interaction. To increase

maternal participation in Integrated Healthcare

Center activities, it can be done through an

interpersonal communication approach from

Integrated Healthcare Center cadres about Integrated

Healthcare Center activities carried out in the work

area of KutaBlangPuskesmas, Bireuen Regency.

Interpersonal communication is emphasized that

cadres as educated personnel in the health sector or

mediators who are closest to the mother barns have a

role in providing a positive attitude to the mother.

5.5 Relationship between Cadre

Equality and Mother's

Participation

The results of research on the cadre equality variable

found that mothers who rated the equality of good

leaders had good participation of 43 people (47.3%)

while mothers who rated equality of cadres less only

participated well as many as 19 people (20.9%).

Integrated Healthcare Center test results between

cadre equality and maternal participation in

Integrated Healthcare Center activities obtained a p-

value of 0.003 <(a = 0.05), so that there was a

significant relationship between cadre equality and

maternal participation. The analysis also obtained an

RP value of 2.650, meaning that mothers who

received good equality from Integrated Healthcare

Center cadres had a 2.650 times greater chance of

participating both in Integrated Healthcare Center

activities compared to those who received less

equality from Integrated Healthcare Center cadres.

This is according to Devito (1997), that in every

situation, inequality might occur. Apart from this

inequality, interpersonal communication will be

more effective if the atmosphere is equal. This

means that there must be a tacit acknowledgment

that both parties are equally valuable and valuable

and that each party has something important to

contribute. In an interpersonal relationship

characterized by equality, discrepancy and conflict

are seen more as an effort to understand the

differences that must exist rather than as an

opportunity to bring down another party, equality

does not require us to simply accept and approve all

the verbal and nonverbal behaviors of others.

Relationship between Interpersonal Communication with Participation of Toddler’s Mothers in Posyandu Activities of a Puskesmas

623

5.6 Relationship of Cadre

Interpersonal Communication with

Mother's Participation

Based on the results of the multivariate analysis used

is multiple logistic regression analysis, to obtain

answers to variables that have a greater relationship

between several independent variables. In this model

all independent variable candidates can be included

in the multivariate model because it has a p-value

<0.25 then it is tested together with multiple logistic

regression analysis using the enter method. Based on

the results of stage one analysis, two variables have

a p-value> a = 0.05, namely the attitude supporting

cadre variable and the cadre equality variable, so

that the variable is excluded from the multivariate

model. Then the second stage of the test with the

openness variable, the cadre empathy variable, and

the cadre's positive attitude significantly correlates

with the participation of mothers in Integrated

Healthcare Center activities. The results of the

second resilience analysis found that the cadre

empathy variable had a greater relationship than the

cadre openness variable and the cadre's positive

attitude. The cadre empathy variable has a

relationship of 8,616 times (2,352 - 31,569) with the

participation of mothers in Integrated Healthcare

Center activities.

6 CONCLUSION

The results showed that openness has a relationship

to maternal participation with a significant value of

p = 0.005 (p <0.05), empathy has a relationship to

maternal participation with a significant value of p =

0.002 (p <0.05), supportive attitude has a

relationship to participation mothers with a

significant value p = 0.003 (p <0.05), a positive

attitude has a relationship to maternal participation

with a significant value p = 0,000 (p <0.05), equality

has a relationship to maternal participation with a

significant value p = 0.003 (p <0.05). To increase

maternal participation in Integrated Healthcare

Center activities, it can be done through an

interpersonal communication approach from

Integrated Healthcare Center cadres about Integrated

Healthcare Center activities carried out in the

KutaBlangPuskesmas work area, Bireuen Regency.

The interpersonal communication was emphasized

that cadres as educated personnel in the health sector

or mediators who are closest to the mother must

have a role in giving a positive attitude to the

mother.

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