Social Community Birmingham Small Arm Owner Motorcycle

(BOM’S) Intervention in Fight for Pedicab to Be a Local

Transportation for Tourists in Pematangsiantar City,

Sumatera Utara Province

Fajar Utama Ritonga

, Adil Arifin

and Tuti Atika

Department of Social Welfare, Faculty Social and Political Science, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

Department of Political Science, Faculty Social and Political Science, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

Keyword: Siantar Pedicab.

Abstract: This research purpose to describe the social intervention of the Birmingham Small Arm Owner Motorcycle

Siantar (BOM'S) community in fighting for pedicabs with the Birmingham Small Arm (BSA) motorbike

brand as a means of transportation for tourists. The research method was carried out with a qualitative

approach, the informants in the study were the key informants and 4 main informants. The location of the

study was carried out in Pematangsiantar City. The results of this study describe social intervention by the

Birmingham Small Arm Owner Motorcycle Siantar (BOM'S) with 4 demands called the " Empat Tuntutan

Rakyat Bikers Becak Siantar ", with demonstration activities, besides the community also conducts social

activities such as touring, tourism promotion in Pematangsiantar City. antique motorbike exhibitions,

cultural arts performances, and the next action was the construction of the Becak Siantar monument in the

Siantar City Square in 2018, which featured the Siantar pedicab with the Birmingham Small Arm/BSA

brand motorbike as an icon of the Pematangsiantar City. The conclusion of this study is a model of social

community intervention that is carried out using a model of social action and community development.

1 INTRODUCTION

The long journey of the motorized pedicabs by

Birmingham Small Arm (BSA) in Pematang-siantar

City from the beginning of its existence in 1960 until

now as an object that has historical and cultural

values has been famous in North Sumatra,

Indonesia, and even the world. According to

Warongan (2014), this is because Pematangsiantar

City is the only city in the world that uses a large

motorbike brand BSA (Birmingham Small Arms) en

masse as a means of public transportation. (Putri,

2018).

BSA/Owner Motorcycle (BOM'S) social

intervention in Pematangsiantar City together with

community leaders, pedicab drivers, BSA motorbike

owners filed 4 demands called "Four People's

Demands Bikers Becak Siantar", including:

1. Revoke the Regional Regulation on the

Elimination of Siantar Pedicab with the

motorbike brand Birmingham Small Arm / BSA

2. Tax Relief of Old Motor Letters

3. Realize the regional regulation governing Siantar

Pedicab with the motorbike brand Birmingham

Small Arm/BSA as the only tourist transportation

in Siantar

4. Requesting the government to take over

maintenance and make rules prohibiting the sale

of BSA motorcycles and Siantar Pedicab with

the motorbike brand Birmingham Small Arm/

BSA outside the Pematangsiantar City area.

(Trisuci, 2018).

To see the originality of this study, the previous

research collected by Putri and Hasanah (2018) with

the title Social Solidarity of BSA Owner Motorcycle

'Siantar (BOM'S) Organization Members in

Pematangsiantar City, Sitompul (2015) with the title

Adaptation Strategy for Siantar Becak Towing (Case

Study: Towing Becak in Siantar Utara District), and

Warongan (2014) with the title Organizational

Culture in BSA Owner Motorcycle Siantar (BOM'S)

in Pematangsiantar City.

Based on these titles, no one has examined the

social intervention of the Birmingham Small

Ritonga, F., Ariﬁn, A. and Atika, T.

Social Community Birmingham Small Arm Owner Motorcycle (BOM’S) Intervention in Fight for Pedicab to Be a Local Transportation for Tourists in Pematangsiantar City, Sumatera Utara

Province.

DOI: 10.5220/0010018202790287

In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Social and Political Development (ICOSOP 3 2019) - Social Engineering Governance for the People, Technology and Infrastructure in

Revolution Industry 4.0, pages 279-287

ISBN: 978-989-758-472-5

279

Arm/BSA Owner Motorcycle 'Siantar (BOM'S)

community in the City of Pematangsiantar.

Pematangsiantar City is now in the spotlight both

from within the city and outside the city, with the

inauguration of the “Tugu/Monument Becak

Siantar” as an Icon of Pematangsiantar City on 15

October 2016 (Putri, 2018).

The struggle to make Pematangsiantar City a

tourist destination has become the motto of the

Birmingham Small Arm Owner’s Motorcycle

'Siantar (BOM'S), namely "transit no, destination

yes". Various social interventions carried out by the

Birmingham Small Arm Owner's Motorcycle'Siantar

(BOM'S) community in empowering pedicab

drivers, making tourist destination routes for pedicab

drivers in Pematangsiantar City, disseminating

cultural festivals to the routine agenda of the

Birmingham Small Arm Owner's Motorcycle'Siantar

(BOM'S) community . Thus the researcher has the

basis to develop research towards the social

intervention of the Birmingham Small Arm/BSA

Owner Motorcycle 'Siantar (BOM'S) community in

the City of Pematangsiantar. The purpose of this

research is to Analyze the intervention model of the

Birmingham Small Arm Owner’s Motorcycle

'Siantar (BOM'S) in realizing the Becak Siantar

using the Birmingham Small Arm (BSA) brand

motorbike as transportation tourism in

Pematangsiantar City.

2 METHOD

This research uses a qualitative descriptive

approach, the data collection method uses field

observations, deep interviews, research locations in

the Birmingham Small Arm/BSA Owner

Motorcycle's Siantar (BOM'S) in Pematangsiantar

City. This research was conducted in the following

stages. The first stage was carried out by observing

the Birmingham Small Arm/BSA Owner

Motorcycle's Siantar (BOM'S) community in

Pematangsiantar City carrying out empowerment

activities for the bikers and pedicab driver's

community, then the researcher determined the

research informants (key informants, main actors

and additional informants) to explore social

intervention carried out by the BSA/Owner

Motorcycle (BOM'S) Siantar community. Data

analysis techniques using component analysis

techniques (Component Analysis).

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

At present, the population of the Siantar pedicab is

getting down and disappearing from the streets of

Pematangsiantar City. The more difficult it is to find

pedicab drivers using the Birmingham Small Arm

(BSA) motorbike as an indicator of the scarcity of

motorcycles or pedicabs with the Birmingham Small

Arm (BSA) motorbike brand. Many of these old

motorcycle enthusiasts have resulted in many

motorcycle and pedicab owners selling their

motorbikes or pedicabs to buyers from outside

Pematangsiantar City.

BSA is short for The Birmingham Small Arms

Company. This company was originally founded to

supply weapons to the British Arm during the

Crimea War (1853-1856). After the war, The

Birmingham Small Arms Company continued to

develop its products. During World War II (1939-

1945), the Birmingham Small Arm/BSA Factory

became one of the main suppliers of military

vehicles for the British Arm. At that time, they

produced 126,000 M20 motorcycles with a 500 cc

engine capacity. This motorcycle, which was first

made in 1941, was brought by the allied forces to

Pematang Siantar after the Japanese occupation of

Indonesia. The Birmingham Small Arms Company

product in Pematang Siantar is actually not only

owned by allied troops, but also private

entrepreneurs who own plantations around the city

to the former Dutch East Indies government

administrator. After the departure of allies and the

nationalization of foreign companies in Indonesia,

hundreds of Birmingham Small Arm (BSA)

motorcycles in Pematang Siantar were left behind,

including those of the British Arm. Some other

Dutch and European planters were kind enough to

give it to the indigenous population of their former

employees. (www.boms-ssc.com)

The history of the Birmingham Small Arm

(BSA) motorcycle would not have changed if there

had been no idea of Pahala Siahaan bringing in an

engine rickshaw from Medan as a means of

transportation in Pematang Siantar other than sado in

1956. At that time, Pahala brought a motorized

becak made by German brand KK motorcycles.

What Pahala did was followed by several other

Pematang Siantar people (Sitompul, 2015).

According to Kartiman, who is also one of the

pioneers of the Siantar becak, the hilly topographical

of Pematang Siantar City requires that motorized

becaks be pulled by large engine capacity. Located

on a ridge, about 45 kilometers from Lake Toba, the

ICOSOP 3 2019 - International Conference on Social Political Development (ICOSOP) 3

280

streets of Pematang Siantar City are indeed up and

down (Sitompul, 2015).

At the end of the 1950s, after seeing the many

unused BSA wrecked motorbikes in various corners

of the city, residents began to think of using them as

rickshaw towing machines. Kartiman said at first

there were around 20 to 30 people gathered, some of

whom were veterans of freedom fighters. They

gathered while talking about the possibility of

utilizing motorbike from the war to be used as

tricycles (Sitompul, 2015).

Not only Birmingham Small Arm (BSA), but

other old fashion motorbikes, such as Norton,

Triumph, BMW, to Harley Davidson, also exist.

Siantar becak pioneers, Kartiman, Mbah Sari,

Muhammad Rohim, and Tikno, tried all kinds of

motorbikes to be used as pedicabs. Experiments

carried out for two years (1958-1959) led to the

conclusion, BSA was the most appropriate.

Kartiman also added that Norton is actually strong

for the condition of the hilly Pematang Siantar area,

but the obstacle is that it is wasteful of consuming

fuel when compared to the fuel-efficient BSA

(Sitompul 2015).

Besides saving fuel, according to the Chairman

of the BSA Owner Motocycles Siantar Kusma Erizal

Ginting, BSA parts are very easy to emulate. BSA

can also accept parts from other motorbikes. As the

BSA carburetor can be replaced using a carburetor

from RX-King and also Honda CB (Sitompul,

2015).

Efficient in terms of spare parts becomes very

important because the BSA factory has been closed

since 1972 and is no longer in production, along

with a large fire that hit their factory. Kartiman said,

the success of the pedicab pedicab pioneers to re-

operate the BSA motorbike moved the residents of

Pematang Siantar to look for this motorbike to

various regions. The goal is only one, made a

pedicab (Sitompul, 2015).

The success of these pioneers really inspired the

residents of Pematangsiantar City to look for BSA

motorbikes all over the country. "All have been

visited, in North Sumatra, almost all regions I have

visited to look for BSA. Starting from Medan,

Asahan, Deli Serdang, to Rantau Prapat. After in

North Sumatra all BSA has been exhausted, we

searched to Riau. Around the year In the 1980s we

began to search beyond Sumatra, from Java to

Sulawesi, "said Mbah Lanang. Until finally during

the 1980-1990 period in Pematang Siantar there

were around 2,000 units of BSA motorized pedicabs.

According to research conducted by the Chairman of

BOMS Erizal said that at that time the number of

BSA motorcycles in Pematang Siantar was the

largest in the World (Sitompul, 2015).

All Siantar pedicab use BSA motorcycles with

an average year of manufacture from 1941 to 1956.

In Pematang Siantar, motorized pedicabs initially

used old motorbikes left by allied troops and

plantation entrepreneurs from Europe, such as

Norton, Triumph, BMW to Harley Davidson.

However, since 1960, almost all motorized pedicab

drivers in Pematang Siantar use BSA, because based

on a survey of BSA motorcycles, the durability is

the strongest. There are two types of BSA

motorcycles that are used as rickshaw towing

machines. The first type of M20 with a capacity of

500 cc made in 1941 to 1948. The second type of

ZB31 engine capacity of 350 cc made in 1950 to

1956. Besides the engine capacity, a striking

difference in the two types of BSA is the use of

shockbreakers and engine valve types (Sitompul,

2015).

The following are the results of an interview with

Chairman Birmingham Small Arm Owner's

Motorcycle'Siantar (BOM'S) community:

"When talking about history, it is very long, but I

can prove and present a living witness of the

struggle of the BSA in this Pematangsiantar City.

Year 60-70 Pedicab is very popular as a vehicle

for transporting people or goods. Because the

engine of this BSA motor is big and has strong

power for this Pematangsiantar City, which is hilly

and resilient. Seeing this opportunity we brought

in, we bought the “kilo’s”, a used motorbike in

Java, we brought it to Pematangsiantar using the

Tampomas Ship. We re-assembled it there, the

spare parts were cannibals, we made them

according to our abilities. Because the motorcycle

factory itself is closed in England. If there are only

around 200 of them there still exist in

Pematangsiantar City. That is one of our 4

demands that I just mentioned, demands number 1

and 2 were fulfilled by our movement in 2006

when the Government revoked the Regional

Regulation on the Elimination of Siantar

Motorized Pedicabs and Tax Relief of Old Motor

Letters. It's not logical that an old motorbike is

told to pay taxes. This is a World War 2 vehicle

from Britain. High historical value, cultural

requirements inherent in Pematangsiantar City,

and I can say the only vehicle in the world of the

second world war ex-vehicle used as a public

transportation vehicle is only in Pematangsiantar

City. To make a tourist vehicle, our struggle is still

very long, because it is very difficult to unite the

vision, mission with Pematangsiantar City

Government, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah

(DPRD)/Council or related Satuan Kerja

Perangkat Daerah (SKPD). Now this is another

concern that we do not want to move to this

Social Community Birmingham Small Arm Owner Motorcycle (BOM’S) Intervention in Fight for Pedicab to Be a Local Transportation for

Tourists in Pematangsiantar City, Sumatera Utara Province

281

Pedicab Siantar to other areas. That is what we do

not want, not only because of economic problems

he sells his pedicab even though it is his right to

sell because of the needs of economics and other

school children. We demand the Government of

Pematangsiantar City to buy and maintain

Biringham Small Arm/BSA motorized pedicabs. It

hasn't been sold out of town after a long time, the

pedicab or BSA motorbike in Siantar." (Interview

with Kusma E Rizal Ginting, Pematangsiantar, 11

July 2019)

The same thing was also explained by other

informants, such as the results of interviews with

Syafii as the Head of Division Pedicab Driver the

Birmingham Small Arm (BSA) Owner Motorcycle

Siantar (BOM’S) Division as follows:

"Many times are sorry to sell pedicabs, because

tempted by the rupiah. They sell it for 30-50

Million, and the results of the sale are also bought

by rickshaws on Japanese motorbikes. Finally,

they are now sorry because the price of BSA

motorcycles is now a lot of fun and the market

price (depending on conditions) can reach more

than 80 million. Loss and regret they sell

rickshaws to pull rickshaws too." (Interview with

Syafi'i, Pematangsiantar, 12 July 2019)

The interview with the Chairman of the Biker

Division of Birmingham Small Arm (BSA) Owner

Motorcycle Siantar said similar things with the

following emphasis:

“They sell it because of economic reasons, we

cannot ban it, then to Pedicab on a Japanese

motorbike, we cannot ban this community, the

reason are they bring it to look for food, to support

the family not to look for rich "and they are also

our friends, so we just respect each other when we

meet in the street.” (Interview with Akuang, 12

July 2019)

Based on the results of research from the history

presented and the results of observations by

researchers, it is known that the number of pedicabs

that use BSA motorcycles are indeed increasingly

difficult to find in Pematangsiantar City. This is due

to several factors, namely the expensive operation of

becak siantar (income and operational expenses of

becak siantar is unbalanced), competition with

pedicab use Japanese motorized, on-line

transportation (Grab and Go Jek), the large of siantar

pedicab owners who sell their pedicabs or

motorcycles to people outside the Pematangsiantar

City because of economic needs, school fees,

housing needs and others. This is a number of

factors that have caused drastic decreases in the

number of pedicab use Birmingham Small Arm

(BSA) Motorized in Pematangsiantar City.

Table 1: Periodic population of Becak Siantar Motorized

Birmingham Small Arm/BSA in Pematangsiantar City.

Years

Total Pedicabs and Motorbike’s

Birmingham Small Arm/BSA in

Pematan

siantar Cit

1958-1970 1.120 Unit

1970-1990 3.000 Unit

1990-1995 1.070 Unit

1995-2005 610 Unit

2005-2015 378 Unit

2015- now 227 Unit

Source: Results data processing of the Sitompul 2015 and

Official BOM'S data for 2019.

3.1 Cultural Heritage

Based on Law Number 11 Year 2010 Concerning

Cultural Heritage Article 5 namely objects,

buildings, or structures can be proposed as Cultural

Heritage Objects, Cultural Heritage Buildings, or

Cultural Heritage Structures if they meet the

following criteria:

a. Aged 50 (fifty) years or more;

b. Represents the shortest possible period of age for

50 (fifty) years;

c. Has a special meaning for history, science,

education, religion, and / or culture; and

d. Has cultural values for strengthening the nation's

personality.

The entire Birmingham Small Arm (BSA)

branded motorbike in England should have become

a cultural object in Pematangsiantar City. This is

clearly seen from the history of the entry of

Birmingham Small Arm (BSA) motorized vehicles

as World War II vehicles in Indonesia, especially in

Pematangsiantar City. Based on Law Number 11

Year 2010 Regarding Becak Siantar Cultural

Heritage with a Birmingham Small Arm (BSA)

motorbike brand should have obtained a special

place in the museum, because the average age of a

Birmingham Small Arm vehicle is above 50 years

(used as a war vehicle in World War II

Making museums certainly requires a significant

amount of funds such as places and buildings for

museums, maintenance and others, according to the

interview results from the Informants as follows:

“I will make this motorbike collection a museum,

but a private museum and open to the public. If

Pematangsiantar City Government wants to refer

to Law Number 11 Year 2010 Regarding Cultural

Heritage, course there is already a special BSA

museum in Pematangsiantar City, but this

community, especially us, in bikers division who

have excess funds and love for this BSA

motorbike have a determination someday there

ICOSOP 3 2019 - International Conference on Social Political Development (ICOSOP) 3

282

will be a museum about BSA in Pemantangsiantar

City, it will become a tourist destination too later."

(Interview with Kusma E Rizal Ginting,

Pematangsiantar, July 11, 2019)

The statement was also supported by the

Chairperson of the Birmingham Small Arm (BSA)

Community Motorcycle Siantar (BOM'S) bikers

division as follows:

"If for the museum there is indeed a discourse

from Mr. Rizal (President of BOM'S) will make a

museum. If he really has funds, and he has the

most complete Birmingham Small Arm/BSA

collection and many of us in the community. We

often communicate this idea to community

members when we meet up every Saturday night

and the friends' response here is quite good, later

we will also be joint ventures to donate our

Birmingham Small Arm/BSA to be a display at the

museum. So there will be memories for our

children and grandchildren that the “Becak

Siantar” Pedicab uses Birmingham Small Arm

(BSA) Motorized is a characteristic of Siantar

people.”

Cultural heritage objects in the museum can be

interpreted as old, obsolete or unproductive items.

This becomes contradictory if you see that there are

still people who make a living to become rickshaw

pullers with the Birmingham Small Arm (BSA)

motorbike. Although the number is decreasing every

year with many factors that influence, but the

identity as a pedicab becak has been firmly attached

to the community that a Siantar Pedicab with a

Birmingham Small Arm (BSA) engine is a

characteristic of the people of Pematangsiantar City.

Another option is to empower the pedicab puller

community to become a tourist vehicle that takes

every tourist, both domestic and foreign, to tourist

sites in Pematangsiantar City. The choice is to make

the only Siantar Pedicab with the motorbike brand,

Birmingham Small Arm (BSA), as a tourist

transportation in Pematangsiantar City becomes

more rational when viewed from an economic point

of view because it will revive the passion of tourism

in Pematangsiantar City, there will be many multi-

player effects with the rise of Pematangsiantar City

tourism among others, increasing the income of the

surrounding community, opening new jobs,

increasing the (Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja

Daerah (APBD) of Pematangsiantar City from

tourism tax revenue and the other. This is in line

with the results of the interview as follows:

“Look at that overseas in Thailand in the

Philippines. Look they have the characteristics of a

tourist transportation that is guarded by the

government and used as an official tourist

transportation. It became one of the attractions

because it was incomplete to visit a trip to

Thailand or the Philippines did not ride their

special tourist transportation. Well, we have a

place here too, why don't we use it the same as

foreigners. They considered (Pematangsiantar City

Government and Pemantangsiantar City

Council/DPRD) Siantar pedicabs were not

original/typical siantar, because the Birmingham

Small Arm/BSA motorbike was made in England,

it was not our local wisdom. That's wrong.

Because with the cultural acculturation BSA

motorbike is juxtaposed with a passenger like that

of our society's local wisdom. Just look at what the

shape of a pedicab becak is like that of a pedicab

in Padangsidimpuan City? The difference is, of

course, that is our local wisdom with the

acculturation of the Birmingham Small Arm/BSA

motor culture that is a relic of World War II. I

think it has a high selling value for foreign tourists

because I have traveled to Europe, America to the

factory directly closed, they are surprised to see a

BSA motorcycle made a pedicab for people

transportation in Pematangsiantar City. I said in

Pematangsiantar City, North Sumatera, Indonesia.

where I came from, the BSA motorbike was used

as a pedicab transportation, they were surprised

and said that you are all rich people, because BSA

is an expensive motorbike, how can it be used as a

pedicab to transportation? Just look at foreigners

who want to come to see the BSA motorbike

directly coupled as a public transportation pedicab.

Strange if we don't want to see it as an opportunity

for Pematangsiantar City as a potential tourist in

Pematangsiantar City.” (Interview with Kusma E

Rizal Ginting, Pematangsiantar, 11 July 2019)

The story of the tour vehicle going on abroad

(Thailand and the Philippines) and the Siantar

Pedicab use Birmingham Small Arm/BSA

Motorized are also able to be a special attraction for

domestic and foreign tourists, much like the second

world war vehicle used as public transportation in

Manila, Philippines, called "Jeepney" and become a

special tourist attraction for foreign tourists or like a

tourist transportation known as "Tuk-Tuk"

(transportation like “Bajai” in Indonesia with the

right and left open and there is only a roof) in

Thailand. This similarity can be developed or

modified with the Siantar Pedicab which has a

Birmingham Small Arm motorbike combined with a

local pedicab made in Pematangsiantar City, and of

course if used as a tourist transportation can attract

local and foreign tourists to visit Pematangsiantar

City with its tourist destinations such as spiritual

tourism, culinary tourism, historical tourism, cultural

tourism, which is not inferior to other tourist

destinations in North Sumatra.

This condition can only be realized if there is

coordination between the Pematangsiantar City

Government as the implementer of the policy,

Social Community Birmingham Small Arm Owner Motorcycle (BOM’S) Intervention in Fight for Pedicab to Be a Local Transportation for

Tourists in Pematangsiantar City, Sumatera Utara Province

283

Pematangsiantar City DPRD as the Regional

Lawmaker, and active participation from the

community that owns the pedicab with the

Birmingham Small Arm (BSA) engine combined

with a side bed ( Sianar Pedcab) the local wisdom of

the people in Pematangsiantar City. That is the

hopes and ideals of the Birmingham Small Arm

(BSA) Motorcycle Owner Siantar (BOM'S)

community that is continuously until now. The

following are the results of the researcher interview:

“Of course our struggle in this community is not

over yet, there is still a long struggle to push

Pematangsiantar City Government, Pematang-

siantar Council related that we have something of

cultural value that is not possessed by other cities

in the world, I can say the only used vehicle

pedicab The World War II used as passenger

transportation only exists in Pematangsiantar City,

but we are not aware or do not want to know

because of other interests. What is certain is that

this community will continue to fight for this

Siantar pedicab as an icon of the pride of the

citizens and the only transportation for tourism in

Pematangsiantar City. "(Interview with Kusma

Rizal Ginting, Pematangsiantar, 11 July 2019)

3.2 Social Community Interventions

The social intervention carried out by the BOM's

community is to carry out social actions by

demonstrating the gathering of all pedicab with

Birmingham Small Arm/BSA Motorized owner,

Birmingham Small Arm/BSA antique motorcycle

owners and demonstrating/protesting against the

BSA Becak Rejuvenation Regional Regulations in

the Pematangsiantar Mayor's Office and

Pematangsiantar City Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat

Daerah (DPRD). This can be seen from the results of

the interview as follows:

"At that time we gathered because we were all

worried. What is this, why do you want to replace

the Siantar pedicab with a Japanese motorcycle.

We were mobilizing the community, at that time

there were still many Siantar Pedicab owner who

joined us, there were approximately 2,000 older

Pedicab owner plus our BSA motorcycle owner

demonstrated at the Pematangsiantar Mayor's

Office, and this action was not only done once, as

many times as I recall there were 6 to 9 times we

took action until we met with the mayor at that

time, there was a dialogue and at that time we

succeeded because the local regulation was

revoked. "(Interview with Kusma E Rizal Ginting,

Pematangsiantar, 11 July 2019)

Community action support was also obtained by

researchers, based on the following interview

results:

"We from the BSA rallied to the House of

Representatives, members of the House of

Representatives from certain factions were sought

by a pedicab driver, if it looks like it could have

died, that was the problem first, he disappeared,

sought him into the council's office, he was hiding

somewhere, because in the year 2006 there was

still a lot of BSA.” (Interview with Mr. Safi'i,

Head of BOM'S Community Becak Division, July

12, 2019)

The results of interviews with other informants

also support the actions of the BOM'S community as

follows:

"The demand has actually passed a long time ago,

in 2006, so throughout 2006 until here the

struggle, even like heroes, continued to prove what

they wanted to do was not true. Yesterday they

planned to burn down, change Siantar Pedicab

with Birmingham Small Arm/BSA Motorized and

to pedicab with Japanese Motorized, that was not

true, that the Siantar Pediacab With Birmingham

Small Arm/BSA Motorized should not be burned,

instead it had to be preserved, course: 1. He was

an object of cultural heritage, 2. The icon of the

city of Siantar, so what the BOM'S community

routinely continue promotion, want from social

media or from any events, we tell that the Siantar

Pedicab use Birmingham Small Arm/BSA is like

this, the Siantar Pedicab is good, the Siantar

Pedicab is unique, the Siantar Pedicab is an icon,

actually a characteristic, like that. We have done it

and it was very intense in 2006, for sure, in the

first 3 years we went on a massive trip to the

Pematangsiantar City Council, but if we just

choose the creative path." (Interview with

Nurzanah Secretary of BOM'S Community on July

14, 2019)

3.3 The Becak Siantar Monument is an

Icon of Pematangsiantar City

Year 2016 is the first step towards the peak of the

struggle of the Birmingham Small Arm (BSA)

Community Owner Siantar (BOM'S) Community,

with the inauguration of the “Becak Siantar

Monument as an icon of Pematangsiantar City

proving that the long struggle of this community was

well received by Pematangsiantar City Government,

Pematangsiantar City Council and Pematangsiantar

City community as a sign that Siantar Pedicab with

the brand of BSA motorbike is owned by

Pematangsiantar City and is the only one in the

world. Now the Siantar Becak Monument has

become one of the photo spots used by both local

and foreign tourists to take self-photographs

(selfies). It's incomplete to visit Pematangsiantar

City if you don't take photos with the background of

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the Becak Siantar Monument. The following are the

results of interviews conducted with informants:

"The Becak Siantar monument is a symbol of

BOM's struggle to realize the Siantar becak as a

tourist transportation in Pematangsiantar City.

That is self-funding from myself and a member of

BOM's, the Pematangsiantar City Government has

provided the land that we are going to build, the

lobby with the City Government, Council has been

a long time and was realized in 2016. At the time

of the inauguration, we invited Bikers from all

over Indonesia and International, together with

BOM'S Community Birthday there were also

comedian figures who came from Indro Warkop,

then from Governor of

North Sumatra.Mr. T.

Rizal Nurdin and all ranks of the Pematangsiantar

Municipal Government who were in full swing.

Proof of real work, without limits, to realize

Siantar City as a Tourist City, not a Transit City.

That is the 10-year real work of the BOM's

Community. (Interview with Kusma E. Rizal

Ginting, Pematangsiantar, 11 July 2019)

In relation to the broad scope of community

intervention, Mayo refers to Gulbenkian Report

1969 (in Adi, 2013) seeing at least the community

has three different levels at which a community

intervention can be carried out, namely:

a. Grassroot or neighborhood or work

The BOM'S community moved away from a

shared sense of responsibility that would be the

loss of the Siantar Pedicab or a motorcycle with

the BSA brand in Pematangsiantar City due to

the Regional Regulation of the Pematangsiantar

City which would rejuvenate the Siantar pedicab

with a Japanese motorcycle brand.

b. Local agency and inter-agency work (President

of BOM'S with the community, community

leaders who fight for the BSA pedicab present in

Pematangsiantar City conduct interventions to

Government and DPRD of Pematangsiantar until

the Governor of North Sumatra.

c. Regional and national community planning work

The BOM'S Community intervenes by proposing

the Siantar Pedicab as the only tourist vehicle in

Pematangsiantar that will have an impact on

increasing tourists and making Pematangsiantar a

tourist destination rather than a transit city,

opening new jobs.

Based on the Rothman Community Intervention

model (in Adi, 2013) it can be illustrated that the

process of community empowerment carried out by

the BOM's to the community and members of the

BOM's community in Pematangsiantar uses a model

of social action, social planning and policy, and

community empowerment. For more details can be

seen in the following tables.

Table 2: Model of social intervention BOMS related to revocation of regional regulation on the elimination of Siantar

pedicab use Birmingham Small Arm/BSA Motorized.

Social Intervention BOMS Community

Revocation of Regional Regulation on the Elimination of Siantar Pedicab use Birmingham Small Arm/BSA

Motorized

Model A Model B Model C

Local Community

Development

Policy Social/ Social

Planning

Social Action

Solidarity building because it has the

similarity will be eliminated by the

Pedicab Siantar use Birmingham

Small Arm/BSA Motorized.

Open dialogue space with the City

Government and Pematang-siantar

City Council

Demonstration to Pematang-siantar

City Government and Pematang-siantar

City Council

Source: Researchers' data processing results for 2019.

Table 3: Model of social intervention BOMS related to tax relief of old motor letters.

Social Intervention BOMS Community

Tax Relief of Old Motor Letters

Model A Model B Model C

Local Community Development Policy Social/ Social Planing Social Action

Solidarity building because it has the

similarity will be eliminated by the

Pesicab Siantar use Birmingham Small

Arm/ BSA Motorized.

Open dialogue space with the City

Government and Pematangsiantar City

Council

Demonstration to Pematang-siantar City

Government and Pematangsiantar City

Council

Source: Researchers' data processing results for 2019.

Social Community Birmingham Small Arm Owner Motorcycle (BOM’S) Intervention in Fight for Pedicab to Be a Local Transportation for

Tourists in Pematangsiantar City, Sumatera Utara Province

285

Table 4: Model of social intervention BOMS related to the local regulation governing the Siantar pedicab as the only tourist

transportation in Pematangsiantar City.

Social Intervention BOMS Community

The local regulation governing the Siantar Pedicab as the only tourist transportation in Pematangsiantar City

Model A Model B Model C

Local Community Development Policy Social/ Social Planing Social Action

a. Giving guidance to members of

the Siantar Pedicab division of to

serve tourists respectful, friendly

and not to make expensive tariffs

b. Training for community members

to make Siantar Pedicab carving

art as one of the typical souvenirs

of Pematangsiantar City

a. Open dialogue space with the City

Government and Pematang-siantar

City Council

b. Make a tourist route/line that will

serve as a tourist spot as a tourist

destination in Pematang-siantar City

Demonstration to Pematang-siantar

City Government and Pematang-

siantar City Council

Source: Researchers' data processing results for 2019.

Table 5: Model of social intervention BOMS related to maintenance and make a regulation prohibiting selling BSA outside

the Pematangsiantar City area.

Social Intervention BOMS Community

Requesting the government to take over maintenance and make a regulation prohibiting selling BSA outside the

Pematangsiantar City area

Model A Model B Model C

Local Community Development Policy Social/ Social Planing Social Action

a. Pedicab Driver empowerment in

communicating to passengers,

especially tourists.

b. Siantar Pedicab treatment at

BOM'S Community Workshop.

The construction of the Siantar Becak

Monument as an icon of Pematangsiantar

City

a. Demonstration to Pematangsiantar

City Government and

Pematangsiantar City Council

b. Cultural performances.

c. Promotion of travel through social

media

Source: Researchers' data processing results for 2019.

4 CONCLUSION

The BOM'S community intervention model favors

the tourist rickshaws as a tourist transportation in

Pematangsiantar City using a model of social action,

social planning/social policy and the empowerment

of local communities.

5 SUGGESTION

To the BOM'S Community continue intervene in the

community in fighting for the Siantar Pedicab as the

only tourist Transportation in Pematangsiantar City

and to continue to empower local communities,

especially members of the BOM'S community.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thank you to the LEMBAGA PENELITIAN

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA who have

provided research funding so that this research can

be carried out well. This research was funded by

contract number: 4167 / UN5.1.R / PPM / 2019

dated April 1, 2019. In the scheme PENELITIAN

DOSEN MUDA in 2019 which has provided

research funding so that this research can be

conducted and published.

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2019.

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