The Implementation of Sister Province between the Government of

West Nusa Tenggara Province (Indonesia) and Kujawsko-Promorskie

(Poland) in the Development of Education Sector

Wishnu Mahendra Wiswayana, Firstyarinda Valentina Indraswari and Primadiana Yunita

Department of International Relations, Universitas Brawijaya, Veteran, Malang, Indonesia

Keywords: Local Government, Sister Province, Policy Implementation.

Abstract: This research is initiated based on the current world situation which begins to involve sub-state actor as one

of the parties in international relations. Globalization becomes a gateway to that kind of position, which then

patterns carried out through foreign cooperation is made through sister province (twin province) cooperation

is an increasingly popular program in the world with all kinds of achievements. This qualitative research is

going to observe the implementation of provincial policies between the government of West Nusa Tenggara

Province (Indonesia) and the Kujawsko-Promorskie (Poland). Through the utilization of determinants of

policy implementation which is an idea from George C. Edward III, this research will observe the

implementation in terms of communication, resources, dispositions and behaviour, and bureaucratic structure.

This research is expected to be able contribute in the form of examples and or models that can be replicated

in other areas.

1 INTRODUCTION

States relation in recent days became more intense

than before, that relations made a lot of possibility

and also a challenges facing globalizations era.

Several states had a massive and rapid growth using

a cooperation between states at many aspects. New

technological opportunities such as travel and

communication shaped by international politics into

new forms of economic regulation and business

practices (Thirkell-White, 2008). The recent trends in

International Relations studies, shows us a sub-state

actors begins became prominent actors, which before

only state or international organizations as an

absolute actors.

Sub-state actors in this research is represented by

local government (provincial government) as a main

actors. With the era of interconnectedness, local

government in recent years made a lot of outward-

looking agenda. Local government act like a state to

accomplish their mission for people prosperity in

specific purposes. Now the local government their

duty not only domestic administrative, but also

international activity exposure (Effendi, 2014). One

of the agenda is made through sister province (twin

province), the local government made a closer

relation between other local government in other

states. Specifically, from sister province each local

government establishing mutual agenda in specific

areas such as economy, tourism, education, etc.

The trends of sister province also happens in

Indonesia, almost at every province had a sister

province agenda. Of course, there always success

story and also failed story regarding the sister

province in Indonesia. But the recent trends about

sister provinces in Indonesia is also promising

because the openness, outward-looking style, and

intensive cooperation became the mainstream

activities for local governments. In other side, success

story from the sister province mechanism in

Indonesia can be good recommendation for the other

local government to look after. Especially as a

recommendation for local government to aware with

their own potential and capabilities competing an era

of challenges.

This research then, try to capture the sister

province mechanism between West Nusa Tenggara

(Indonesia) government and Kujawsko-Promorskie

(Poland) government as a best practice for other local

government. The sister province mechanism between

them choose an education sector as a specific

purposes to deepening relations between provinces.

228

Wiswayana, W., Indraswari, F. and Yunita, P.

The Implementation of Sister Province between the Government of West Nusa Tenggara Province (Indonesia) and Kujawsko-Promorskie (Poland) in the Development of Education Sector.

DOI: 10.5220/0010014402280231

In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Social and Political Development (ICOSOP 3 2019) - Social Engineering Governance for the People, Technology and Infrastructure in

Revolution Industry 4.0, pages 228-231

ISBN: 978-989-758-472-5

Started from 2018, each year sending a student from

West Nusa Tenggara Barat to accomplish graduate

and post-graduate study at universities in Kujawsko-

Promorskie. This education sector, especially sending

a students to study abroad is also the main agenda

from elected Governor of West Nusa Tenggara,

Zulkieflimansyah; since his campaign for running the

governor with the tagline “1000 Cendekia”. Each

year the government of Nusa Tenggara Barat

collecting all their resources especially from

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to fulfil the

education programmes.

The uniqueness from sister province mechanism

held by West Nusa Tenggara government will be

highlighted using the policy implementation idea by

George C. Edward III. This research didn’t cover the

Kujawsko-Promorskie government due the limited

time and resources to explore, but that will be the next

option to accomplish and can be the suggestion for

another researcher to cover that side of subject.

2 METHOD

This research using a qualitative method to explain

the mechanism of sister province. Doing qualitative

method it seeks better understanding of social

realities and to draw attention to processes, meaning

patterns and structural features (Flick, von Kardorff,

& Steinke, 2004). As a part of social sciences, using

a qualitative method can be part to explain the

dynamic about sister province discourse. Term of

sister province itself is debatable, but the principle of

sister province is about relationship between entity of

sub-state actors binding with mayor-to-mayor

(leader) agreements.

Collecting data on this research doing from

references or literature, by primary and secondary

sources. Primary resources, basically is raw material

from the subject or first-hand information (Silalahi,

2010). Which in this research that resources come

from (1) original document released by local

government and (2) the argument, opinion and

position from the official. Besides primary resources,

this research also collecting data from secondary

resources, such as an article, news and other

documents relating the topic.

3 DISCUSSION

In this section, we will discuss about the research

findings. Based on the idea of George C. Edward III

about policy implementation, this section will be

explained in four determinant aspects;

communication, resources, disposition & behaviour,

and bureaucracy structure (Edwards III, 1980).

3.1 Communication

From the aspect of communication, this section will

explain about the position of policy executor

communicating the messages to target audience.

Communication is a vital part in policy

implementation, the government (as a communicator)

have to tell clearly as possible to the people (as a

target audience) preventing the policy became deviate

in the execution. Even though sister province

mechanism between West Nusa Tenggara

government and Kujawsko-Promorskie government

yet an official, the relation between both parties is

already constructive and deepening. Until now the

relation status between both parties still at signing of

Letter of Intent (Widiyanti, 2019). This LoI document

contain educational, tourism, energy and

environmental cooperation plan between West Nusa

Tenggara Barat government and Kujawsko-

Promorskie government. That plan is under

discussion and consultation at central government,

especially Ministry of Domestic Affairs and Ministry

of Foreign Affairs.

Though the process didn’t official yet,

cooperation specific in the educational sector has

taken place between both parties. Governor of West

Nusa Tenggara made an organization namely

Lembaga Pengembangan Pendidikan (LPP) at 2018,

then accredited by notary in February 2019. LPP held

a direct access to the governor to follow up

cooperation plan between universities in Kujawsko-

Promorskie, Poland. LPP not only cover the

cooperation plan with the Poland, but also with other

cities in another country who had relation with West

Nusa Tenggara province.

3.2 Resources

From the aspect of resources, this section will explain

resources (human, method and material) allocating by

the government to execute policy. Government of

West Nusa Tenggara by far didn’t handle with

specific human resources, even from the government

or third party mandated by the government. Today the

resources for educational sector implementation

handled by LPP. LPP has a role as a bridge between

Government of West Nusa Tenggara and universities

at Kujawsko-Promorskie, Poland.

The Implementation of Sister Province between the Government of West Nusa Tenggara Province (Indonesia) and Kujawsko-Promorskie

(Poland) in the Development of Education Sector

229

Domain activities of LPP is opening the way for

further cooperation about educational sector, from

procedure and affordable financing for student to

study in Poland. LPP negotiate that using online

communication using email or social media. By using

online communication, the negotiate process can be

held more efficient and effective. However, there are

still had a grey area regarding the calculation and

report about the resources LPP’s can get along the

process. LPP became a super body in the educational

sector in West Nusa Tenggara because their

capabilities became over powering the government

bodies.

In other sides, the main actor in government

bodies from West Nusa Tenggara Barat is Dinas

Pendidikan & Kebudayaan Provinsi Nusa Tenggara

Barat didn’t have the capabilities like LPP’s. Dinas

Pendidikan & Kebudayaan Provinsi Nusa Tenggara

Barat only manage the educational sector from

elementary school until high school. Supporting the

governor dreams, Dinas Pendidikan & Kebudayaan

Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat held Rumah Bahasa

programme (language course). Rumah Bahasa itself

held in 17 location over West Nusa Tenggara Barat.

Since 6 month ago, Dinas Pendidikan & Kebudayaan

Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat had an intensive

language course especially IELTS & TOEFL for

prospective students before sending to study in

Poland. In recent times the programme not only

specific to Poland but also another countries which

West Nusa Tenggara had an educational sector

cooperation.

3.3 Disposition & Behaviour

From the aspect of disposition and behaviour, this

section will explain the position of government

delegating the policy involving commitment,

openness, creativity and democratization. Governor

of West Nusa Tenggara had a big concern into the

educational sector, especially to accomplished 1000

student from West Nusa Tenggara have a spacious

insight with strong nationalism (Andililo, 2019).

Surely that dreams made LPP as a main actor in the

educational sector had big privilege to do lot of task

and authority.

LPP given a task to manage CSR funds for

scholarship. Then, in the process of recruitment until

departure phase, LPP spreading the information using

online platform especially using email, Facebook

account and Instagram account. That process has

been taken place from October 2018 (Batch 1),

February 2019 (Batch 2) and until now.

3.4 Bureaucracy Structure

From the aspect of bureaucracy structure, this section

will explain hierarchy pattern regarding the task and

the relation between bodies of local government. In

this aspect, based on the condition in West Nusa

Tenggara government; there are few actor involved to

implement the sister province policy. But the relation

itself didn’t work appropriate with the common

government practice in Indonesia.

Governor of West Nusa Tenggara directly

delegating the task for selection and technic

implementation to the bodies outside government.

Governor made LPP, which their structure is

operating outside the government but mandated by

governor. The LPP focusing their job to assisting

“1000 Cendekia” programme accomplished. As an

independent bodies, LPP only have a responsibility to

the CSR fund donors regarding the allocation of fund.

At the government side, LPP have a direct

responsibility to governor based on the Memorandum

of Understanding between LPP and West Nusa

Tenggara government.

Besides LPP, in the internal West Nusa Tenggara

Barat there are several actor can be traced the

activities regarding the educational programme. That

actor is Dinas Pendidikan & Kebudayaan Provinsi

Nusa Tenggara Barat, dan Badan Perencanaan &

Pembangunan Daerah (BAPPEDA) Provinsi Nusa

Tenggara Barat. The realisation supporting the

governor dreams about educational programme is

implemented on TOEFL & IELTS intensive course

via Rumah Bahasa programme. But that’s the only

activities they can provide for governor dreams

because the limitation of authority between central

and local government. Local government shouldn’t

cover higher education, because that was a central

government task and authority.

4 CONCLUSIONS

The implementation of sister province policy between

the Government of West Nusa Tenggara (Indonesia)

and the Government of Kujawsko-Promorskie

(Poland) in the sector of education seen from the

determinants factors of policy implementation by

George C. Edward III shows that there are strategic

breakthrough made by the government. That strategic

breakthrough made by the Government of West Nusa

Tenggara to accommodate cooperation in the sector

of education. Our findings indicate that sister

province conducted by both parties hasn’t yet become

an official policy in state governance. However, the

ICOSOP 3 2019 - International Conference on Social Political Development (ICOSOP) 3

230

relations between the two governments have already

taken the step to establish educational cooperation,

through sending students from West Nusa Tenggara

Barat to study in Kujawsko-Promorskie, Poland.

Based on each determinant factor indicate that; (1)

communication factors, the existence of separate lines

and patterns of communication within the internal

government to accommodate educational cooperation

between both parties; (2) resource factors,

specifically the local government assist in the

provision of language course while there are an

agencies outside the body of government to handle

technical activities such as deliberating information,

recruitment students to sending students; (3)

disposition and behaviour factors, as a regulator the

local government establishes internal coordination

between stakeholders with the main objective is

succeeding the leader’s vision and mission during the

campaign period; and (4) bureaucratic structure, due

to limited authority the local government made other

body outside the government to accommodate the

program, and that body is LPP.

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The Implementation of Sister Province between the Government of West Nusa Tenggara Province (Indonesia) and Kujawsko-Promorskie

(Poland) in the Development of Education Sector

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