The Difference between Elastic Band Archers Exercise and Dumbbell

Rows Exercise for the Accuracy to 10 Metres Archery for Beginner

Archer in Rangkas Bitung

Syahmirza Indra Lesmana

, Siti Maryam

, Mury Kuswari

, Nadiya Nurjanah

and Jerry Marantis

Physioterapy Faculty, University of Esa Unggul,Jalan Arjuna Utara Tol Tomang Kebun Jeruk, Jakarta,Indonesia

Keywords: The difference, elasticbandarchers exercise, dumbbell rows exercise.

Abstract: Object:to find out the difference intervention between elastic band archers exercises with dumbbell rows

exercise toward the accuracy of firing an arrow into a target at beginner archers.Methods:This study was a

quasi-experimental study using a pretest-posttest group. This research was conducted in extracurricular

archery in SMP 5 Rangkasbitung and consisted of 8 beginner archers selected based on total sampling

technique, one group consisted of 4 people with elastic band archers exercise and the other group consisted

of 4 people with dumbbell rows exercise. Results: normality test was using Shapiro Wilk test p-value>α(0,05)

normal distribution of data, homogeneity test was using Levene's test p-value>α(0,05) data homogenous,

hypothesis test resulted in the treatment of Group I and II test using Paired Samples T-Test 0.000 which means

Elastic band Archers Exercise and Dumbbell Rows Exercise effectively increased the accuracy of firing an

arrow into a target on the Beginner archers. The result of the independent sample t-test p-value=0,346, there

was no significant difference effect between both exercises. Conclusion: there was no difference significant

effect between elastic band archers exercise with dumbbell rows exercise toward the accuracy of firing an

arrow into a target at beginner archery.

1 INTRODUCTION

Archery is often considered as a kind of sport that is

simple and easy. Many people think that physical

condition is not important for this kind of sport.

Archery is considered a sport that requires skill only.

In fact, this assumption is not true. Archery is a sport

that requires several aspects, such as physical aspect,

psychological aspect, and technical aspect or skill.

From a physical aspect, every sport has different

characteristics. In archery, the dominant physical

components are stability, strength, and muscle

endurance. Deni Trisjanto, coach of national team of

archery, said that the application of physical exercise

to strengthen the muscles of the archers’ arms affect

the accuracy of shooting an arrow, considering the

weight of the bow that is about 4 kilograms and the

pull that is about 60 pounds. Therefore, the muscles

that are involved in pulling the bow must get special

attention in archery because the muscles work very

hard in pulling and holding the load from the

bowstring that is heavy, and it repeatedly happens in

the archery movements.

Therefore, archers need special exercise that can

improve the endurance and strength of muscles of the

archers’ arms to achieve a good stability. Many

exercises canbe done, but archery exercise in

Indonesia that pays attention to the improvement of

the endurance and strength of muscles is still very

rare.

Training the endurance and strength of muscles of

the archers’ arms requires accuracy in the choice of

exercise type that will be given in order for the

exercise to give effects that suitable with the needs.

According to a research that was done by

Setyoningsih (2011), a significant enhancement is

obtained that weight training gives effect on the

increase of the endurance of the archers’ muscles

strength.

There is another relevant research which was done

by Furqon and Douwes (2003). This research states

that to improve the archers’ physical condition,

aerobic interval training methods and weight-bearing

training methods with the circuit can be used, and to

improve the endurance of muscles in pulling the bow,

the weight training program that is performed should

involve the muscles that work on the movement of the

arc pull.

Indra Lesmana, S., Maryam, S., Kuswari, M., Nurjanah, N. and Marantis, J.

The Difference between Elastic Band Archers Exercise and Dumbbell Rows Exercise for the Accuracy to 10 Metres Archery for Beginner Archer in Rangkas Bitung.

DOI: 10.5220/0009952327572762

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Recent Innovations (ICRI 2018), pages 2757-2762

ISBN: 978-989-758-458-9

2757

Weight training that can be given to improve the

endurance and strength of the archers’ arm muscles

and can be adjusted by involving the muscles that

work on the movement of the arc pull is weight

training method using elastic band archers exercise or

dumbbell rows exercise.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

Archery is a sport which propel arrow with a bow to

the target during shooting (Lee, 2009). Shooting in

archery can be summarized as drawing the bow,

aiming and released the arrow (McKinney and

McKinney, 1997). In archery, it is important that the

archer be able to hold the pulling force of the bow

isometrically at release

During archery shooting, upper limb muscles are

the most active muscle compared to the lower-limb

muscle due to the needs to pull and hold the bow until

released the arrow. However, the extremely vigorous

muscle and needs more strength to pull and hold the

bow in the forearm. The common forearm muscles

which are involved in this shooting are; flexor

digitorum and extensor digitorum.

Weight training is a common type of strength

training for developing the strength and size

of skeletal muscles. It utilizes the force of gravity in

the form of weighted bars, dumbbells or weight stacks

in order to oppose the force generated by muscle

through a concentric or eccentric contraction. Weight

training uses a variety of specialized equipment to

target specific muscle groups and types of movement.

Weight training using elastic band is an exercise

commonly used in resistance training exercise.

Elastic band archers exercise is a modification of

weight training using an elastic band for archers

which is a combination of isotonic and isometric

weight training where the movement has been

adapted with the movement pattern of archery. It is

done as if the archers are pulling the bow with the

position of their body patching on the wall and the

arm forming an angle on the wall. Elastic band

archers exercise is performed as a functional modality

to stabilize, strengthen, and improve the muscles

endurance around the arms, shoulders, and upper

back. This exercise can train the proprioceptive

system that is aimed to train the body position when

doing archery, controlling movements, and

coordinating muscles because this exercise really

trains the group of muscles that is directly involved in

the movement of archery.

Muscles that are working during archery mostly

consist of the muscles around shoulders and upper

back. Therefore, weight training using dumbbell row

can be used for improving strength and endurance of

the archers’ arm muscle. Dumbbell row exercise is a

modification of weight training using a dumbbell for

archers. In doing dumbbell row exercise, not only the

back muscle that is trained but also the arm muscle.

The development of weight training using dumbbell

among archers is still rare even though this exercise

has many variations that can be adapted to do. This

exercise is performed using a table or chair to support

and balance the body when doing the movement of

pulling dumbbell to the chest. This exercise is useful

to improve resistant slowly, so that muscle can get

stimulus progressively to be stronger.

3 METHOD

This research is conducted at SMP Negeri 5

Rangkasbitung for 6 weeks. Sampling was done using

total sampling technique at archery extracurricular

member at SMP Negeri 5 Rangkasbitung which was

at a beginner level based on acceptance

criteria(inclusive criteria), rejection criteria

(exclusive criteria), and dropout criteria. The

inclusive criteria are as follows: They had to be the

beginner members of archery club at SMP Negeri 5

Rangkasbitung, they had to have a good condition (no

neurological disorders, fractures, and psychiatric

disorders), they were not in special training period or

perform additional exercises similar (using elastic

band load/elbow training) exercise/dumbbell row

archers exercise), and they were willing to perform all

the established research procedures. The

exclusivecriteria are as follows: They had to be the

expert member, they had to get injured, and they had

to be in special training that is similar with the

intervention that the researcher will provide. The

dropout criteria are as follow: The sample got injured

when undergoing the research, the sample

experienced disease complications that are not

allowed to continue the research, the sample did not

carry out the research procedure carefully and

regularly.

The applied research method is quasi-

experimental (experiment pseudo). It is performed to

see the difference in the effect of elastic band archers

exercise and dumbbell rows exercise towards the

accuracy of shooting arrows on beginner level

archers. The research design used was pre-test and

post-test group design with two kinds of treatment.

The accuracy value of the archery obtained by the

sample will be measured using a face target of three

rounds. Each round involves three shots with two

minutes of shooting time in each round. Then it will

be analyzed between treatment group I and treatment

group II before and after giving the exercise.

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This research is divided into two groups of

archers: the archers at the beginner level who are

given elastic band archers exercise and the archers at

the beginner level who are given dumbbell rows

exercise.

4 RESULT

The accuracy measurement of each shot from 10

meters per 3 rounds with 3 shots per round per three

minutes before the treatment and one per week for six

weeks during treatment are explained here.

Table 1: Value of Accuracy of Shooting ArrowsGoal to

the group 1

According to the table above, there is accuracy

improvement for treatment group I. Before they were

given the elasticband archers exercise, they have

mean 9,625 ± 5,737 and after the last exercise, they

have mean score 46.475 ± 9.306. This shows that the

archers’ accuracy improved after they were given the

elasticband archers exercise.

Table 2: Value of Accuracy of Shooting ArrowsGoal to

the group 2

According to the table above, there is accuracy

improvement for treatment group II. Before they were

given the dumbbell rows exercise, they have mean

19.8 ± 8.845 and after the last exercise, they have

mean score 54.175 ±12.129. This shows that the

archers’ accuracy improved after they were given the

dumbbell rows exercise.

The difference between the accuracy of each

treatment can be seen in this graph.

Figure 1: The differences Group 1 and 2

According to the graph, it can be seen that there

is a significant improvement on the accuracy after the

six weeks treatment for each treatment groups.

Treatment group I who was given the elasticband

archers exercise recorded 9,625 ± 5,737 mean, and

after the last exercise they recorded 46.475 ± 9.306

means. Treatment group II who were given the

dumbbell rows exercise recorded 19.8 ± 8.845 means,

and after the last exercise, they recorded 54.175 ±

12.129 mean.Based on the mean score, treatment

group II recorded a better result than treatment group

II. However, it can be stated that both treatments can

improve the accuracy for beginner archer.

Table 3: Normality test

The total samples are less than 30 persons, then

the normality test of the data distribution used

Saphiro Wilk Test. After the normality test for the

accuracy score for each treatment, it can be concluded

that the distribution of the samples is normal.

Table 4: Homogeneity Test

The Difference between Elastic Band Archers Exercise and Dumbbell Rows Exercise for the Accuracy to 10 Metres Archery for Beginner

Archer in Rangkas Bitung

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Based on the homogeneity test (Levene’s test), it

can be concluded that the data variation of the

samples is homogenous. The score of the test is p-

value 0.497, which means that the data is

homogenous,so the hypothetical test of this research

is a parametric test.

Table 5: Test for Hypothesis 1

Table V explained that hypothetical test I using

Paired Sample T-Test resulting in p = 0,000 (p <

0,05). This means that the HO is rejected and that

elasticband archers exercise can improve the

accuracy for beginner archer.

Table 6: Test for Hypothesis 1I

Table VI explained that the hypothetical test II

using Paired Sample T-Test resulting in p = 0,000 (p

< 0,05). This means that the HO is rejected and the

dumbbell rows exercise can improve the accuracy for

beginner archer.

Table 7: Test for Hypothesis II1

Based on the result of Independent Sample t-Test

from table VII, the result of the test is p = 0,346 where

the score p > score α (0,05). It can be concluded that

there is no difference in the impact between

elasticband archers exercise treatment and dumbbell

rows exercise treatment with the accuracy for the

beginner archer.

5 DISCUSSION

5.1 Hypothesis I

Based on the hypothetical test I using paired sample

t-test, obtained the score of shooting accuracy in

treatment group I before the treatment which is 9,625

mean with the deviation standard score 5,737 and

after the treatment which is 46.475 mean with the

deviation standard score 9.306 with p = 0,000 (p <

0,05) Ho is rejected. It shows that elastic band archers

exercise can improve the shooting accuracy at

beginner level archers.

Based on the research from Ronny (2015) titled

“Assessment of muscle activity using elastic

resistance in strength exercise”, the elastic band is

effective to improve the strength and endurance of

muscle, both for athlete or non-athlete. There is

another research that has a similar idea of the research

from Ronny (2015) which is the research from Jamie

J et al. (2009) titled “The Effects of A 7-Week Heavy

Elastic band and Weight Chain Program on Upper

Body Strength and Upper Body Power”.

Those studies explain that elastic band which a

weight training using elastic band (elastic resistance

band) utilizing the recoil effect of rubber can improve

the strength and endurance of muscle.

Based on the result above, exercising using

elastic band through elastic band archers exercise can

improve the strength and the endurance of arm

muscle, also can train the body position when doing

archery. It can improve the ability of the archer’s

stability when doing archery so that the archer can

shoot consistently and steadily to get a better shooting

result.

5.2 Hypothesis II

In hypothetical test II using the Paired Sample T-Test,

it shows that the accuracy for treatment group II

before the treatment is 19.8 mean, with the deviation

standard 8.845. After the dumbbell rows exercise

treatment, they recorded 54.1725 mean with

deviation standard 12.129, with the result p = 0,000

(p < 0,05) . The HO is rejected, and this shows that

the dumbbell rows exercise can improve the accuracy

for beginner archer.

Previous research by Lars L Anderson (2010)

titled “Muscle Activation and Perceived Loading

During Rehabilitation Exercise: Comparison of

Dumbbells and Elastic Resistance” concluded that

weight training using dumbbell is effective to

improve muscle strength.

This research shows that training with a

dumbbell is an isotonic training that has two muscle

contraction phases, concentric and eccentric. Muscle

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contraction will improve the neuromuscular

coordination that caused the improvement of motor

unit recruitment, which will improve the number of

myofibril. At the same time, the number of actin and

myosin will also be improved.

The improvement of neuromuscular coordination

is also affecting the proprioceptive stimulation in the

muscle, joint, and ligament, so it will stimulate the

afferent neuron to send the information to the central

neuron about body position. This will also increase

the kinesthetic sense which will improve the

stabilization. At the same time, muscle contraction

will improve muscle strength. With the biomotor

components of the archers, they can improve their

accuration.

5.3 Hypothesis III

In hypothetical test III, using a parametric test

(Independent Sample T-Test), the result is p = 0,346

where the score p > score α (0,05). It can be concluded

that the HO is rejected and there is no difference in

the impact between elasticband archers exercise

treatment and dumbbell rows exercise treatment with

the accuracy for the beginner archer.

Both of the treatment groups did not have a

significant difference, which may be caused by the

measurement tools that lack the accuracy to measure

arm muscle strength, the durability of the arm muscle,

and the archery ability.

The researchers used a single target put in a 10

metres distance to see the accuracy from the samples.

Based on the research, the ability and skill of each

sampleare very influential. The sample which has a

better skill has a better score. Meanwhile, the test

should have emphasized the significant difference

between each treatment for muscle strength and

muscle durability for the data. This test could not give

a specific explanation for these two data (muscle

strength and muscle durability). However, it shows

that the accuracy of the samples is improved during

the exercise.

Another reason for why the results are not

significantly different is because there is a dose

modification for some samples. The dose of the

exercise was set at 60%. Thiswas modified since

some of the samples felt that the dose is too heavy.

Therefore, based on Holly J. Benjamin (2003) said on

a journal titled “Strength Training for Children and

Adolescents, The Physician and Sports Medicine”,

weight training for adolescents start at maximum 2

kgs since they are still adapting physiologically to the

training. After that, it can be increased gradually

based on their ability. In this case, the samples are

students who were active on extracurricular activities

such as volleyball, national flag raising ceremony,

and scout. These activities involved some weight

training which made them adapt to the first weight

toleration (2 kgs). In the treatment group I, the

elasticband weighted 6kgs per pull, which still can be

tolerated by the samples. As for the treatment group

II, the researchers gave the same weight for the

samples by increasing their repetition.

6 CONCLUSION

Based on the analysis of research that has been

done, we can conclude that elasticband archers

exercise can improve the shooting accuracy to the

target with 10 meters distance at the beginner archers

in SMP Negeri 5 Rangkasbitung meant the value of

(p = 0,000). Dumbbell rows exercise can improve the

shooting accuracy to the target with 10 meters

distance at the beginner archers in SMP Negeri 5

Rangkasbitung meant the value of (p = 0.000). On the

other hand, based on the hypothesis test II, we can

conclude that there is no different effect towards the

improvement of the shooting accuracy to the target

with 10 meters distance at the beginner archers in

SMP Negeri 5 Rangkasbitung meant the value of (p =

0,346).

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