The Connection between Athlete Characteristics and Frequency

Improvement of Dollyo Kick in Exercise after Ankle Sprain Chronic

Recovery

Syahmirza Indra Lesmana

, Siti Maryam

, Mury Kuswari

and Muthiah Munawarah

Physiotheraphy Faculty, Esa Unggul University, Jalan Arjuna Utara No. 9, Kebun Jeruk, Jakarta, Indonesia

Faculty of Health Sciences, Esa Unggul University, Jalan Arjuna Utara No. 9, Kebun Jeruk, Jakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: Ladder drill exercise & wobble board exercise in leg strengthening exercise, 30 seconds of dollyo kick in

taekwondoin, chronic sprain ankle, age, duration and frequency of exercise.

Abstract: Objective: To understand the connection between athlete characteristic and frequency improvement of a

dollyo kick after leg strengthening exercise and ladder drill exercise, combined with leg strengthening

exercise and wobble board exercise within 30 seconds for taekwondoinwxho recovered from a chronic

ankle sprain. Method: The research used quasi-experiment when the frequency of the kick was measured by

counting how much the kick produced in 30 seconds. The samples consisted of 20 people, chosen by

purposive sampling. The samples were divided into two treatment groups. The first treatment group

consisted of 10 persons. They did two kinds of exercises; the first one was leg strengthening exercise and

ladder drill exercise. The second treatment group also consisted of 10 persons. They did two kinds of

exercises which were Leg Strengthening Exercise and Wobble Board Exercise. Result: The third hypothesis

test using independent sample t-test was obtained p-value=0,007, which means Leg Strengthening Exercise

and Ladder drill Exercise intervention with Leg Strengthening Exercise and Wobble Board Exercise had a

different effect towards the frequency improvement of taekwondoin kick with chronic ankle sprain

condition. The correlation test between characteristic and improvement showed that there is a close relation

between age and frequency of exercise with frequency improvement of dollyo kick. Conclusion: There was

the difference in the effect of leg strengthening exercise and ladder drill exercise with leg strengthening

exercise and wobble board exercise towards the frequency improvement of dollyo kick in taekwondoin with

chronic sprain ankle condition. There was a close relationship between age and frequency of exercise with

frequency improvement of dollyo kick.

1 INTRODUCTION

Doing sport is a physical activity that has a particular

purpose and is done systematically with certain rules. For

instance, there are time rules, pulse targets, the repetitions

number of movements, and another thing which are done

by containing elements of reactions and have a particular

purpose (Lesmana, 2015).

From various types of competitive sports that exist,

martial arts

is one of the fast-growing sports in Indonesia,

including one of them, is taekwondo.

Taekwondo is a Korean cultural heritage. It can be

said that

nowadays, taekwondo is well-known as a

Korean martial art that attracts people around the world.

Taekwondo is known for its amount, speed, and strength

in kicking techniques.

One kick that is often used and more effective, and

also

must be controlled by taekwondoin which is one of

the basic kicks is dollyo kick. It is because, in the game,

dollyo kick can earn many points to achievevictory

According to the research from Kusparwati (2015)

about “

Contribution of Muscle Endurance, Leg Power,

Leg Length, Flexibility, Balance and Reaction towards

Dollyo Kick”, muscle endurance has contribution of

18.5%, leg power 25.2%, leg length contributes 7.2%,

flexibility contributes 15.2%, balance contributes 14.1%,

and reaction contributes 14.6%. It can be seen that leg

power has the biggestpercentage so that taekwondoin

requires exercise that can strengthen their leg power.

However, it does not mean that the other contributions are

not necessary. All the contributions that exist are required

for obtaining a good dollyo kick movement.

In sports activity, injury often occurs in athletes, both

in martial arts, basketball, volleyball, and others. Based on

research, 60% of athletes have experienced chronic sprain

ankle.

Indra Lesmana, S., Maryam, S., Kuswari, M. and Munawarah, M.

The Connection between Athlete Characteristics and Frequency Improvement of Dollyo Kick in Exercise after Ankle Sprain Chronic Recovery.

DOI: 10.5220/0009952227512756

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Recent Innovations (ICRI 2018), pages 2751-2756

ISBN: 978-989-758-458-9

2751

A chronic ankle sprain is stretching and tearing

(overstretch) trauma in lateral complex ligament by the

sudden inversion and plantar

flexion when legs do not

rest well on the floor or ground, where usually occurs on

an uneven floor or ground surfaces. The affected

ligaments are the anterior talofibular ligament, the

posterior talofibular ligament, the calcaneocuboideum

ligament, the talocalcane ligament, and the calcaneofibular

ligament t(Kisner and Colby, 2012).

As what hasbeen explained before, several

contributions are required by taekwondoin in reaching the

frequency of dollyo kick technique. When taekwondoin

suffer chronic ankle sprain injury, the contributions will

decrease. Therefore, taekwondoin have to keep their ankle

well so that the same injury does not recur. To prevent it,

special exercise to increase the frequency of maximum

kick is required.

The form of treatment that can be done by

physiotherapy especially sports physiotherapy in dealing

with the case of chronic ankle sprain in increasing the

frequency of dollyo kick is in the form of exercise

programs that suit with the needs of patients. In this case,

the exercise programs that are given can be in the form of

leg strengthening exercise, ladder drill exercise, wobble

board exercise.

Leg strengthening exercise is one type of exercise that

works for leg strengthening, based on the largest

contribution required by athletes in the movement of

dollyo kick technique, which is leg power that contributes

25,2%, and the reductionof muscle strength after ankle

sprain injury, then leg strengthening exercise likely can

help to improve taekwondoin’s leg power after ankle

sprain injury, seen from the function of the leg

strengthening exercise itself.

Proprioceptive training by using wobble board is an

exercise to stabilize body position dynamically. The

training itself done by maintaining body position while

standing on one or two feet on a wobble board

(Wees,2006). Ladder drill is a physical training meant to

train foot’s agility and motion synchronization. This

exercise uses a ladder to improve agility and quickness.

Besides that, doing ladder drill routinely can help

improving nerve system, stamina, and foot strength. This

exercise requires a ladder that put on a flat surface.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 The Frequency Improvement of

Dollyo Kick

Taekwondo comes from the Korean language, which

is defined as follows: “Tae means attack using foot,

Kwon means hit or attack using a hand, and Do

means discipline and or art”. Therefore, Taekwondo

means a martial art using foot and hand with great

discipline (Kim, 2009).

One of the success indicators of a taekwondoin

in taekwondo exercising is the ability in doing several

types of kick. It is because the kick is a special and

the most dominant movement that is used in

taekwondo even though it still uses hit and defense.

Dollyo kick is a mandatory kick that must be

controlled by a taekwondoin, both a beginner or an

advanced, also a poomsae athlete or kyorugi.

Moreover, for poomsae athlete, the form of the kick

must be flexible and beautiful. It also requires the

contribution of muscle endurance, leg power, leg

length, flexibility, agility balance, and others

towards the dollyo kick, start from the ready position

until the follow through or last position (Kim, 2009).

In dollyo kick, there are several important

muscles in muscle contribution that have to be

known. The first one is dynamic important muscle

which is an elongated muscle when the

kickingmovement consists of m. quadriceps. Then

there is a muscle mover of the body which is in the

form of m. obliques,m. gluteus medius, and m.

tensor fascia latae. Then there is a twisting muscle of

the body which is in the form of m. latissimusdors

and m. abdominals. The second one is important

static muscles, which are m. pectorals, m.

rectusabdominis, m. quadriceps, and m. calves. The

main kinetic system in this kick is posterior lateral,

hip turn, shoulder turn, and leg extension (Link,

2009).

2.2 Chronic Ankle Sprain

A chronic ankle sprain is stretching and tearing

(overstretch) trauma in lateral complex ligament by

the sudden inversion and plantar flexion when legs

do not rest well on the floor or ground, where

usually occurs on an uneven floor or ground

surfaces. The affected ligaments are the anterior

talofibular ligament, the posterior talofibular

ligament, the calcaneocuboideum ligament, the

talocalcane ligament, and the calcaneofibular

ligament(Kisner and Colby, 2012).

2.3 Etiology

An ankle sprain occurs because an inversion trauma

that can make an injury of lateral complex ligament

and sometimes followed by injury of the tendon.

Factors that can facilitate the occurrence of an ankle

sprain are intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Extrinsic

factors are included training errors, poor

performance, faulty techniques, and treads on

uneven surfaces. Intrinsic factors are included the

damage of the support system, active instability of

ICRI 2018 - International Conference Recent Innovation

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foot and ankle muscle (muscle weakness), poor

proprioceptive, hypermobile foot and ankle. Risk

factors of ankle sprain injury can be caused by

abnormal foot posture, which are pesplanusdinamis,

pescavus, and flat foot (Kisner and Colby, 2012).

2.4 Pathophysiology

Anatomic impairment in chronic ankle sprain case

also occurs in a blood vessel that will cause

haemorrhage and dilatation which can increase the

release of irritant substances that will increase the

sensitivity of nocisensorik so that it will cause pain.

In this case, if it is not handled well, it will become a

chronic ankle sprain, where those irritant substances

will glue in tendon system and ligament which can

form a fibrous if it is left out. Fibrous that stays in

the system will cause pain when moving so that the

people will experience deficit postural control that

can cause functional impairment in the form of the

decrease agility. It is crucial in taekwondo because if

a taekwondoin experiences the decrease of agility,

the taekwondo activity will be limited in the form of

a decrease of kick movement frequency.

Taekwondoins’ performance in doing their activity

related to participation restriction will come down.

In an ankle sprain condition, the neuromuscular

system also will experience anatomic impairment in

the form of proprioceptive reduction that will cause

the reduction of neuromuscular control. Therefore, it

will cause functional impairment in the form of the

reduction of moving reaction and agility of the

patient.

Thus, the chronic ankle sprain sufferers stop

their activity because of the pain, so that intertarsal

immobilization will occur. It will also cause a

hypomobile, so that stability disruption will occur.

2.5 Leg Strengthening Exercise

Leg strengthening exercise is a training to strengthen

leg muscles. Leg strengthening exercise is very

important since leg muscles played a big part in

dollyo kick (Jakobsen, 2012).

The principle of this exercise is overload and

specificity. Overload means that the weight should

be heavier than muscle metabolism capacity in order

to increase the strength.

2.6 Ladder Drill

Ladder drill exercise is a physical training meant to

train foot’s agility and motion synchronization. This

exercise uses a ladder to improve agility and

quickness. Besides that, doing ladder drill routinely

can help improving nerve system, stamina, and foot

strength. This exercise requires a ladder that put on a

flat surface. (Brown, Lee E. et al., 2000).

2.7 Wobble Board Exercise

Wobble board exercise is training using a flat board

to recover balance, to rehabilize, and to prevent

injury. This exercise can be done statically or

dynamically. This exercise is an exercise to stabilize

body position dynamically. The training itself done

by maintaining body position while standing on one

or two feet on a wobble board. Meanwhile, a wobble

board is a balance exercise (Millar, 2011).

2.8 Kick Frequency Measurement Tool

To know the difference between one group who was

given the leg strengthening exercise and ladder drill

exercise with one group who was given the leg

strengthening exercise and wobble board exercise to

taekwondoin on increasing the frequency of dollyo

kick in taekwondo, we used some measurement

tools such as stopwatch and a pyongyo (Kusparwati,

2015).

3 METHOD

The samples consist of 20 people, divided into two

treatment groups. The first group was given leg

strengthening exercise and ladder drill exercise, and

the second one was given leg strengthening exercise

and wobble board exercise.

This is quasi-experimental research to see the

difference of produced dollyo kick in two different

treatment groups for taekwondoin who just

recovered from ankle sprain chronic. The research

isdone twice, pre-test and post-test.

4 RESULT

Overall, the samples were acquired by using

Pocockformula, in case the samples will be

representable if they meet the requires inclusive

criteria on the research. The samples were acquired

by questionnaire, and then they were given the

explanation and the objective of the research. After

that, the samples’ ankle was tested to know if they

are injured or not. Then they were asked of their

consent to become the subject of the research.

The Connection between Athlete Characteristics and Frequency Improvement of Dollyo Kick in Exercise after Ankle Sprain Chronic

Recovery

2753

The samples did the frequency tests to know

how much the kick can be produced in 30 seconds.

After that, each group were given the treatment 18

times in one day, three days per week. The

evaluation is doneat the end of the week.

Table 1: The Dollyo Kick Frequency Result in Treatment

Group I

Sample Before After Difference

1 14 26 12

2 13 28 15

3 15 27 12

4 16 27 11

5 12 28 16

6 12 25 13

7 13 25 12

8 16 26 10

9 15 26 11

10 14 25 11

Mean±SD 14.00±1.490 26.30±1.160 12.30±1.888

4.1 Sample Distribution based on Age

between Treatment Group I and II

30% ofthe samples of group I are 15 years old, while

40% of group II are 15 years old too.

4.2 Sample Distribution based on

Experience between Treatment

Group I and II

All of the samples in each group have played

taekwondo for more than one year. 70% samples of

group I have played taekwondo for more than 5

years, while 50% samples of group II also have

played taekwondo for 5 years.

4.3 Sample Distribution based on

Training Frequencies between

Treatment Group I and II

Table 2: Sample Distribution Based on Training

Frequencies between Treatment Group I and II

Measurement

per week

Treatment group I

Treatment

group II

N % N %

3 times 2 20 % 3 30 %

4 times 6 60 % 2 20 %

5 times 2 20 % 5 50 %

Total 10 100 % 10 100 %

On treatment group I, the most frequency is 4

times per week per 6 samples (60%). Meanwhile,

the treatment group II most frequency is 5 times per

week per 5 samples (50%).

4.4 Measurement Result

On the table above from treatment group I, mean

before intervention is 14.00±1.490 and mean after

the intervention is 26.30±1.159.

Table 3: The frequency of dollyo kick

Age

Treatment

Group I

Treatment

Group II

F % F %

15 3 30 % 4 40 %

16 1 10 % 2 20 %

17 1 10% 2 20 %

18 1 10 % 0 0 %

19 1 10 % 0 0 %

20 2 20 % 1 10 %

21 1 10% 0 0 %

26 0 0 % 1 10 %

Total 10 100% 10 100%

Training

Year

Treatment

Group I

Treatment Group

% F %

± 1 Year - 0 % - 0 %

± 2 Years 1 10 % 1 10 %

± 3 Years 1 10 % 2 20 %

± 4 Years 1 10 % 2 20 %

± 5 Years 7 70 % 5 50 %

Total 10 100 % 10 100

4.4.1 The Frequency of Dollyo Kick in

Treatment Group II

On the table above from treatment group II, mean

before intervention is 12.40±1.646 and mean after

the intervention is 27.00±1.563.

4.4.2 Mean Distribution of Dollyo Kick

Frequencies in Treatment Group I and

From the mean frequency of dollyo kick tables, in

treatment group I there was a notable improvement

on the kick frequency, from 14,00 to 26,30. The

same improvement happened to the treatment group

II, from 12,40 to 27,00. This shows that the more

dollyo kick produced, the better the samples at

taekwondo. Correlation test between characters and

improvement shows that there is big connection

between age, training years, and the improvement of

dollyo kick produced.

5 DISCUSSION

The third hypothesis is obtained through a

parametric test which is independent sample T-Test

with the result p = 0,007. This result is less than α

ICRI 2018 - International Conference Recent Innovation

2754

(0.05), which means that there is a different effect

between the intervention of leg strengthening

exercise and ladder drill exercise with leg

strengthening exercise and wobble board exercise

towards the frequency improvement of dollyo kick

at taekwondoin in chronic ankle sprain condition.

After the exercise was given between the treatment

group I and II with their group sample based on the

trend of the graph from the measurement result of

before and after in this research, leg strengthening

exercise and wobble board exercise have bigger

effect than leg strengthening exercise and ladder

drill exercise in improving the frequency of dollyo

kick at taekwondoin in chronic ankle sprain

condition.Research from Hale S and Hartel J (2005)

titled “Rehabilitation of the Ankle after Acute Sprain

or Chronic Instability” has concluded that when

patients experience ankle sprain condition, the main

problem that they face is stability problem because

the system that gets injured is a ligament. The

function of the ligament itself is for maintaining the

stability of the patient so that if that injury occurs,

the first thing that has to be done is how to improve

the stability of the patient. Supported by leg

strengthening exercise in improving the sample’s

strength of leg, this exercise is effective in

improving the frequency of dollyo kick because the

strength of leg muscle is required in doing dollyo

kick. (Kusparwati, 2015).

The Dollyo Kick Frequency Result in Treatment

Group II

Sample Before After Difference

1 11 26 15

2 12 25 13

3 13 29 16

4 12 28 16

5 10 26 16

6 11 25 14

7 13 28 15

8 15 29 14

9 12 26 14

10 15 28 13

Mean±SD 12.40±1.646 27.00±1.563 14.60±1.173

Sample

The difference of Dollyo Kick Frequency

Result

Treatment Group I Treatment Group II

1 12 15

2 15 13

3 12 16

4 11 16

5 16 16

6 13 14

7 12 15

8 10 14

9 11 14

10 11 13

Mean±SD 12.30±1.888 14.60±1.173

From the correlation test between each group, it

showed that there is a big connection between age,

training frequency, and speed of the kick.

Meanwhile, there is a weak connection between

training years and kick frequency. This means that

these training can be applied to every age and

training frequency group. The weakness of this

research is that the absence of class information of

each taekwondoins, so the connection between kick

improvement and the class could not be portrayed.

6 CONCLUSION

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that:Leg

strengthening exercise and ladder drill exercise

iseffective to improve dollyo kick frequency for

taekwondoin who suffers ankle sprain chronic.Leg

strengthening exercise and wobble board exercise

are effective to improve dollyo kick frequency for

taekwondoin who suffers ankle sprain chronic.There

is a significant difference between the intervention

of leg strengthening exercise and ladder drill

exercise, and leg strengthening exercise and wobble

board exercise on the improvement of dollyo kick

frequency for taekwondoin who suffers ankle sprain

chronic.There is a strong correlation between age,

training frequency per week and the improvement of

dollyo kick frequency for taekwondoin who suffers

ankle sprain chronic.

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