The Optimization of Deradicalization Policy in Overcoming

Terrorism Crime in Indonesia

Hartiwiningsih

, Hervina Puspitosari

and Bintara Sura Priambada

Faculty Of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl Ir. Sutami No. 36 A, Surakarta, Indonesia

Faculty Of Law, Universitas Surakarta, Jl. Raya Palur Km. 05, Karanganyar, Indonesia

Keywords: Optimization, Implementation, Deradicalization, Terrorism.

Abstract: Radicalism in some communities can result from many factors. One of them is poor understanding of

religion. Religion radicalism movement in some cases can harm and threaten national stability and Republic

of Indonesia Unitary State (thereafter called NKRI). Government’s firm policy is very desirable to involve

all components of society in socializing the hazard of religion radicalism movement. This study was

normative law research. Some constraints were found leading to the less optimum deradicalization policy in

the attempt of overcoming terrorism crime in Indonesia. Many factors leading the people to follow

radicalism are, among others: social discrepancy triggered with uneven economic distribution and some

constraints deriving from community’s cultural aspect often alienating ex-terrorist prisoners leading some of

them to revive radicalism despite rehabilitation through deradicalization program. Another constraint was

that the law enforcement approach conducted still uses punitive paradigm or stringent approach, while soft

approach through deradicalization policy has not been implemented optimally yet. The target of

deradicalization policy is limited to prisoners and ex-prisoners only, rather than extended to the accused;

defendant; convict; prisoner; ex-terrorist prisoner; or people or a group of people that have been exposed

with terrorism radicalism. The synergy of many institutions and community components that should engage

in deradicalization implementation has not been optimal, for example, Interior Ministry, Foreign Ministry,

Ministry of National Education, Ministry of Law and Human Rights, Social Ministry, Religion Ministry,

Ministry of Communication and Information, National Intelligence Agency, Indonesian Army’s Elements in

regions, non-government organization, universities, religion leader, and community leader. In addition,

other social approaches such as economic, education, and cultural approaches to prisoners, ex-terrorist

prisoners, and family have not been implemented optimally. Viewed from formulation aspect, unorganized

institution, community and stakeholder components related to deradicalization policy are also the

weaknesses that should be corrected because BNPT (National Agency for Combating Terrorism) impossibly

implements deradicalization policy independently.

1 INTRODUCTION

Terrorism is a problem not only to Indonesians but

also other nations in the world. Terrorism is an

action using violence or violent threat generating

terror circumstance or fear widely, that can take a

mass toll, and/or result in damage or destruction in

the strategic vital object, living environment, public

facility, or international facility with ideological,

politics, or security disruption motives. (“RI’s Law

Number 5 of 2018 the Amendment to Law Number

15 of 2003 about the stipulation of Regulation

Substituting Law (Perpu) Number 1 of 2002 About

Terrorism Crime Eradication to be Law,” n.d.)

Terrorism action is a real threat in the world;

many incidences have occurred at the global level,

for example, the attack against the twin tower of

World Trade Center (WTC) on September 11, 2001

constituting the symbol of American Economic

Power, and Defense Department (Pentagon) building

in Arlington, Virginia constituting the symbol of

American military power, resulting in great

destruction due to terroristic invasion. The 11

September attack was the largest terroristic action in

America in the 21

Century, particularly viewed

from the life tolls reaching about 3000 people.

(Suryani, 2017) At the national level, since the 1

Bali Bombing, a series of terroristic attacks have

occurred in the homeland, with a large number of

life tolls and injured tolls. The terrorists’ real threat

can be seen, among others, from many terrorism

cases handled by a police officer. In 2016, Republic

of Indonesia’s Police (Polri) handled 70 terrorism

2478

Hartiwiningsih, ., Puspitosari, H. and Priambada, B.

The Optimization of Deradicalization Policy in Overcoming Terrorism Crime in Indonesia.

DOI: 10.5220/0009945224782484

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Recent Innovations (ICRI 2018), pages 2478-2484

ISBN: 978-989-758-458-9

cases increased dramatically from 82 cases in a

previous year.

(Suryani, 2017)

Indonesia as a state becoming the target of

terrorism as well has taken preventive and

eradicative measures against terrorism crime through

law enforcement. However, this has not been able to

prevent the repeated terrorist action from occurring,

and even the law enforcement conducted so far

generates resentment against the law enforcers.

Because the law enforcement approach conducted so

far has not touched yet the root of the problem

concerning terrorism ideology within the

community, terrorism with its new tactic and

strategy reappears. Therefore, a more touching,

sympathetic and target-appropriate approach is

required in order to be acceptable to the community

to prevent the terrorist ideology from influencing the

community further. Furthermore, viewed from

international legal politics, the management of

terrorism has been manifested into international

conventions entered into by the states in the form

bilateral, regional, and global cooperation

agreements. Bilaterally, Indonesia has established

cooperation with the US and Australian

governments. Then, at the regional level, Indonesia

puts ASEAN to be an important part in the terrorism

handling cooperation. It is because terrorism in

Indonesia is believed to have an international

network, including in some ASEAN countries.(Gayo

&Muchlizi,2016)

The problem is that many rules and policies

formulated at both global and national levels have

not been able to be an effective instrument to deal

with and to overcome terrorism problem optimally.

At national level, there have been Law Number 5 of

2018 about the Amendment to Law Number 15 of

2003 the Establishment of Government Regulation

Substituting Law Number 1 of 2002 about Terrorism

Crime to be the Law, Presidential Regulation

Number 46 of 2010 about Agency for Combating

Terrorism, and Law Number 9 of 2013 about

Prevention and Eradication of Terrorism Funding

Crime. At the global level, the management of

terrorism has been manifested into international

conventions entered into by the states in the form

bilateral, regional, and global cooperation

agreements. For example, Indonesia participates

actively in establishing cooperation with United

Nations Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task

Force (CTITF), Terrorism Prevention Branch-

United Nation Office for Drugs and Crime (TPB-

UNODC), and United Nations Counter-Terrorism

Executive Directorate (UNITED). Furthermore,

Indonesia attempts to implement 4 (four) pillars of

the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism

Strategy (UNGCTS).(Indonesia,n.d.)

An attempt and strategy that has been and is

being implemented in overcoming terrorism so far

use more hard power approach intended particularly

to the law enforcement attempt. This approach

yields a variety of sufficiently significant and good

performance and achievement, and even recognized

internationally. Nevertheless, in long-term such, the

approach is considered less effective. It is because

terrorism is a not only physical violence problem but

also involving ideology and related to social,

economic, politics, and even cultural factors within

society.

(Prasetyo, 2016)

Indonesia should complement the strategy and

approach building on soft power approach to deal

with the development of terrorism inside Indonesia

through deradicalization program. This strategy is

intended to neutralize the effect of radical ideology,

particularly the one originating from Islam religious

understanding, underlying the terroristic action

occurring.

(Golose, 2010)

Article 43 D of RI’s Law number 5 of 2018

mentions that deradicalization is a planned,

integrated, systematic, and sustainable process

conducted to eliminate or to mitigate and to reverse

the radical understanding of terrorism

occurring.(“RI’s Law Number 5 of 2018 the

Amendment to Law Number 15 of 2003 about the

stipulation of Regulation Substituting Law (Perpu)

Number 1 of 2002 About Terrorism Crime

Eradication to be Law,” n.d.) Deradicalization is

implemented to the accused, defendant, convict,

prisoner, terrorism ex-prisoner, or people or a group

of people who have been exposed to radical

terrorism. Deradicalization has been implemented by

the Government in coordination made by the agency

dealing with terrorism through involving related

ministries/institution in the following stages:

identification and assessment; rehabilitation; re-

education; and social reintegration.

An agency assigned to overcome terrorism

through deradicalization attempt is National Agency

for Combating Terrorism (BNPT), a Non-Ministry

Government Institution. (“Article 1 and Article 2 of

RI’s Presidential

 Regulation Number 46 of 2010

about Agency for Combating Terrorism,” n.d.) This

agency is assigned, among others, to give the

building to the accused, defendant, convict, prisoner,

terrorism ex-prisoner, or people or a group of people

who have been exposed to radical terrorism.

However, in reality, many actors along with their

network have been arrested and punished with

The Optimization of Deradicalization Policy in Overcoming Terrorism Crime in Indonesia

2479

imprisonment and even death sentence, but

radicalism among them cannot be changed so that

when they have undergone imprisonment

punishment completely, they will be ready to spread

terror again. That is why terrorism remains to be a

threat to the world, including Indonesia.

Some cases of terrorism actions occurring in

Indonesia were committed by terrorism convict,

Yayat Cahdiyat, the suspect terrorist in pan bomb

case in Bandung, for example. According to

information obtained from the ex-terrorism convict

Agus Marshal, the terroristic action involving ex-

terrorism convict is among others, the action of

throwing a Molotov bomb in front of Oikumene

Church in RT 003 Number 32 of Cipto Mangun

Kusumo Street, Kelurahan Sengkotek, Loa Janan Ilir

Sub District, Samarinda, East Borneo. The acts

committed by Juhanda alias Jopada on November

13, 2016, makes a child burnt, and died during

hospitalization. Polri’s spokesman confirmed that

the actor throwing the Molotov bomb was ex-

prisoner in the case of a bomb in Puspitek Serpong,

affiliated with Pepy Fernando's group. Having been

free, Jo joined JAD group of East Borneo and had a

link to Anshori group in East Java. This group

remained to be observed by the police because there

was an indication that it would elicit guns from the

Philippines. Ex-terrorist convict perpetrating more

crime was Sultan Aziansyah, by invading Police

office in Cikokol, Tangerang on October 20, 2016.

The actor of invasion against the three police

officers finally died after bleeding on his way to the

hospital. Police Headquarter explained that the

perpetrator was shot on his abdomen and foot

because he attacked the police officers first,

including the Head of Sector Police Office in

Cikokol Tangerang. A number of attack cases

involving ex-terrorism convict result in a perception

that deradicalization program has failed. There is a

cynicism that the implementation of deradicalization

program by the government through the National

Agency for Combating Terrorism (BNPT) has

failed.

Considering the phenomena above, the author

will conduct an in-depth analysis of why

deradicalization policy in overcoming terrorism

crime conducted by BNPT has not been optimal yet.

Furthermore, it will find out what attempts should be

taken to optimize the deradicalization policy in

overcoming terrorism crime implemented by BNPT.

2 PROBLEMS

1. Why has deradicalization policy not been

optimal yet in the attempt of overcoming

terrorism crime in Indonesia?

2. What are the attempts of reinforcing

deradicalization policy in overcoming terrorism

crime in Indonesia?

3 METHODS

This study was normative law research. A normative

law research is the one studying literature or

secondary data, using statute approach by

conducting an analysis on a variety of legislation

governing the eradication of terrorism crime in

Indonesia and conceptual approach by studying

perspectives and concepts of law and terrorism from

many legal scholars and professional in terrorism

field. Then data analysis was conducted using

reasoning or deductive thinking method, the

reasoning process starting from general statement to

arrive at a particular conclusion related to

deradicalization in terrorism crime, making the

positive norms relevant to the terrorism the main

source to justify the legal problem object studied, the

less optimal implementation of deradicalization

policy in terrorism crime.(Wignjosoebroto,2013)

4 DISCUSSION

4.1 The Constraints Making the

Deradicalization Policy Not

Optimally Overcoming the

Terrorist Crime in Indonesia

Penal policy can be defined as an attempt of

realizing criminal legislation corresponding to

condition and situation at a certain period of time

and in the future. (Barda Nawawi, 2002) The word

corresponding to means fulfilling the prerequisite of

justice and efficiency. (BardaNawawi,2002)



Furthermore, according to Barda Nawawi Arief,

criminal law policy essentially contains the state’s

policy in governing and limiting the power,

including both the common people’s authority of

acting and behaving and the ruler/law enforcer’s

power or authority of undertaking its duty to ensure

that the people are obedient and subject to the

specified rule. Criminal law policy is a series of a

process consisting of three stages:



a. Legislative/formulating policy;

ICRI 2018 - International Conference Recent Innovation

2480

b. Judicative/applicative policy; and

c. Executive/administrative policy. (Arief,

1998)

Considering the elaboration of criminal law

enforcing policy above, it can be found three

powers/authorities: legislative/formative power in

the terms of stipulating or formulating the

punishable deed oriented to the basic problem in

criminal law including unlawful deed, fault/criminal

accountability, and the sanction that can be imposed

by the legislator. In relation to the legislation related

to terrorism crime, it can be seen that viewed from

the aspect of crime formulation, criminal sanction

and criminal responsibility have been formulated

very well as it includes all deeds of putting into,

producing, accepting, obtaining, submitting,

mastering, bringing, having supply or ownership,

storing, carrying, hiding, or releasing chemical,

biological, radiological, microorganism, nuclear,

radioactive weapons or its components from

Republic of Indonesia state intended to committee

terrorism crime will be punished with imprisonment

minimally 3 (three) years and maximally 20 (twenty)

years, life imprisonment or death sentence (Article

10 A).

Furthermore, Article 12 A governs the corporate

legal subject as the perpetrator of terrorism crime.

Article 15 governs the evil conspiracy, preparation,

trial, or assistance in terrorism crime to be

threatened with punishment. In addition, in

procedural law, there are a specialty facilitating the

law enforcers such as the authorized investigator to

arrest the accused of maximally 120 (one hundred

and twenty) days and if it is considered as

inadequate, it can be extended to 20 days with the

application filed to the Head of District Court.

Similarly, Public Prosecutor is authorized to arrest

the accused of up to 60 days and extended to 30 days

with the Head of District Court’s permission. In

addition, the investigator is authorized to perform

tapping (Article 31 A). Then, investigator, public

prosecutor, judge, advocate, reporter, expert,

witness, and penitentiary officer, as well as its

family in terrorism crime case, are entitled to be

protected by the state from potential threat

endangering their life and/or property, before,

during, and after the case examination process.

Furthermore, deradicalization is governed in Article

43D, BNPT institution’s authority in combating

terrorism in Article 43 E, and the involvement of

Indonesian Army (TNI) in combating terrorism in

Article 43 I. Viewed from the aspect of sanction

threat, Law Number 5 of 2018 has provided sanction

up to death sentence.

Judicative/applicative power is the law enforcer

or court’s power in implementing the criminal law,

and executive/administrative power is the

implementation of the criminal law by punishment

executing apparatus. Considering the three stages of

law enforcement policy above, the criminal tackling

is always oriented to the attempt of achieving

community wellbeing. As suggested by Barda

Nawawi Arief,(Barda Nawawi, 2002) the criminal

policy or the criminal overcoming attempt is

essentially an integral part of the social defense and

social welfare attempts.

In reality, the applicative policy implemented so

far is predisposed more to the law enforcement that

is punitive in nature, the policy of condemnation

according to the sanction threat as formulated in the

norm. But in fact, this punitive cannot give wary

effect, as indicated with many ex-terrorists finally

repeating their crime or becoming recidivism.

Therefore, the legislator has provided a non-punitive

instrument, deradicalization policy, as governed in

Article 43 D, intended to the accused, defendant,

convict, prisoner, ex-terrorism prisoner, or people or

a group of people who have been exposed to radical

terrorism. However, this policy has not apparently

been implemented optimally yet. It is because the

deradicalization program implemented by TNI-Polri

(Indonesian Army - Police) is just limited to

policymakers at headquarter or central levels such as

in Coordinating Ministry for Political, Law and

Security Affairs and BNPT and has not been

implemented to the foremost unit level such as

Koramil (Babinsa) and Polsek (Bhabinkamtibmas).

In a recent development, the synergy of

deradicalization program has not apparently been

able to anticipate many problems yet. In the term of

conceptualization, deradicalization is not only

limited to rehabilitation, because in fact this program

also involves terrorist prisoner families. Then,

deradicalization essentially aims to neutralize

ideology. For that reason, there should be an

expansion of coverage thereby involving not only

the prisoners but also their families and relatives.

Deradicalization program developed as a building

and guiding attempt to eliminate or at least to reduce

the predisposition of radicalism amid community to

prevent it from developing and threatening the living

within society, nation, state, and religion has not

been implemented optimally yet. Terrorism

deradicalization has not touched the grass root yet,

and TNI and Polri have not synergized massively so

that the program has not run comprehensively,

integrally, holistically and in an integrated manner

yet. Unclear chain of command in coordination,

The Optimization of Deradicalization Policy in Overcoming Terrorism Crime in Indonesia

2481

communication, and cooperation of TNI-Polri in the

implementation of deradicalization and poor SOP

become crucial constraints. In addition, the quality

and quantity of the human resource in TNI-Polri

apparatus should be improved. (Prasetyo,2016)

Criminal policy, according to G. Peter

Hoefnagels, is a science of policy as a part of larger

policy: the law enforcement policy, while the law

enforcement policy is also a part of social policy.

Meanwhile, according to Sudarto, criminal politics

is briefly defined as the community’s rational

attempt to tackling crime. (Sudarto, 1986)

Therefore, G.P. Hoefnagels stated that “criminal

policy is a policy of designating human behavior as

a crime”.(Arief,2011)

Viewed from law enforcement, deradicalization

attempt is a non-penal attempt or called social

policy, aiming to make the people prosperous (social

welfare policy), and social defense policy. Social

defense policy is included in criminal policy aiming

to achieve its objective using both penal and non-

penal instruments so that penal and non-penal

policies are an integral part of the social defense and

social welfare attempts.

Barda Nawawi Arief stated that in relation to the

limitations and the weaknesses of criminal law in

which the handling or “rehabilitation” through

criminal law conducted so far is only symptomatic

rehabilitation/treatment rather than causative

treatment, and its condemnation (treatment) is

individual/personal in nature, the penal use or

intervention should be implemented carefully,

precisely, parsimoniously, selectively, and limitedly.

(Arief,1998)

Departing from that argument, it can be seen that

law enforcement against terrorism implements so far

still uses sanction imposition paradigm, exerting

wary effect, while the use of penal instrument cannot

settle a crime completely, because criminal law

cannot reveal and analyze the factors leading an

individual to commit crime, and the attempt to be

taken to deal with it. Therefore, for the social

defense policy to be achieved optimally, the use of

penal and non-penal instrument should be integrated

integrally. The use of both should be balanced,

meaning that the imposition of the penal instrument

in the form of hard criminal sanction should be

compensated with the non-penal instrument, the soft

deradicalization policy.

Additionally, the implementation of

deradicalization is limited to the rehabilitation of

prisoners only, because in fact this program only

involves ex-terrorism prisoners and their families.

This policy has not been touched much. In addition,

deradicalization essentially aims to neutralize

ideology. For that reason, there should be an

expansion of coverage thereby involving not only

the prisoners but also their families and relatives.

Deradicalization program developed as a building

and guiding attempt to eliminate or at least to reduce

the predisposition of radicalism amid community to

prevent it from developing and threatening the living

within society, nation, state, and religion has not

been implemented optimally yet. Terrorism

deradicalization has not touched the grass root yet,

and TNI and Polri have not synergized massively so

that the program has not run comprehensively,

integrally, holistically and in an integrated manner

yet. Unclear chain of command in coordination,

communication, and cooperation of TNI-Polri in the

implementation of deradicalization and poor SOP

become crucial constraints. In addition, the quality

and quantity of the human resource

in TNI-Polri

apparatus should be improved.

4.2 The Attempt of Reinforcing

Deradicalization Policy in

Overcoming Terrorism Crime in

Indonesia

a. Deradicalization conducted using soft approach

by revitalizing the synergy of TNI-Polri as the

main components and developed by involving

stakeholders as reserve component and broader

supporting component is expected to result in

more optimal terrorism handling and

significant outcome. Eventually, the successful

synergy of TNI-Polri in terrorism

deradicalization in order to establish the

stability of security can be realized and the

nation’s ideological and national security will

be stronger.

b. The management of terrorism should use

not only hard power approach but also soft

power approach. This approach is the

deradicalization program that should be

supported with adequate regulation and

government policy. In addition, it should also

be supported by the quality and quantity of the

human resource, particularly in TNI and Polri

institutions.

c. The optimization of deradicalization needs the

synergy of all nation components including

community leaders, religious leaders,

educators, academicians, custom leaders,

youths, activist, and peace lovers.

Deradicalization needs role and contribution of

ICRI 2018 - International Conference Recent Innovation

2482

various ministries and institutions, either

physical (infrastructure) or non-physical

(mental and spiritual) support. Ministry of

religion can give building and enlightenment to

mubaligh and khatib related to accommodative,

contemporary, and acculturative religious

insight to ward off the radical-anarchistic

religious thought. So far, indeed they have

contributed, but they have not synergized and

focused yet on the attempt of warding off

radicalism.

d. Economic empowerment approach can be

conducted by the Ministry of Cooperatives and

Small- and Medium-scale enterprise, for

example by giving the ex-terrorism prisoners

the business capital in the form of a rotating

fund without interest. Such a loan can be

targeted to ex-terrorist family, network, and

those indicated as radical, including the victims

of a terrorist act. Deradicalization Directorate

of BNPT has conducted such economic

approach to the inmates, despite less

optimality. Therefore, the Ministry of

Cooperatives can take apart.

e. Terrorism must be dealt with by means of

upholding the code of conduct or the rule of

engagement so that whatever done in

combating terrorism is free of pros and cons

issues thereby getting legality and legitimacy.

Hard approach conducted so far has not

completely overcome terrorism effectively. In

addition to resulting in the loss of connector

chain when a large number of perpetrators are

shot dead, it also inhibits the information about

terrorist cell and organization. Therefore, the

hard approach should be followed with touch

and enlightenment to cease resentment making

the governmental apparatus the target of

revenge. The management of terrorists should

not stop in the actors (perpetrators) only but

should be continued with the attempt of

approaching their family and community. The

hard approach remains to be required, but its

use should be limited to the most emergency

condition only. A number of alternative field

operations can be done and become standard

procedure. Soft approach is commonly done

through deradicalization programs such as

prioritizing the function of intelligence and

community building.

f. Deradicalization program basically departs

from an assumption that terrorism starts with

radicalism. Therefore, the attempt of

combating terrorism can be accomplished more

effectively through deradicalization. In

combating terrorism, law, social and cultural

aspects of the nation should be taken into

account unless it will create the

counterproductive condition. Therefore, the

terrorism handling strategies will vary between

one state and another. Soft approach is

deradicalization attempt conducted by Polri

cross-sector against the root of terrorism crime.

It can be accomplished by means of infiltrating

in community life through early detection,

preventive measure, and building to ex-

terrorists and their supporters. The priority in

this approach includes terrorist family and

community that have been handled.

g. Fundamentally, the management of

terrorism is related not only to the overcoming

only but also other aspects involving other

institutions such as Interior Ministry, Foreign

Ministry, Ministry of National Education,

Ministry of Law and Human Rights, Social

Ministry, Religion Ministry, Ministry of

Communication and Information, BIN

(National Intelligence Agency), Army

Elements in region, and other elements. Other

stakeholders including non-government

institutions, universities, religious leaders,

community leaders should also be involved.

5 CONCLUSIONS

Deradicalization policy has not overcome the

terrorism crime optimally yet in Indonesia. It is

because, among others: the law enforcement

approach conducted still uses punitive paradigm or

hard approach, while soft approach through

deradicalization policy has not been implemented

optimally yet. In addition, the target of

deradicalization policy is still limited to prisoner and

ex-prisoner, rather than extended to the accused;

defendant; convict; prisoner; ex-terrorist prisoner; or

people or a group of people that have been exposed

with terrorism radicalism. Additionally, the synergy

of many institutions and community components

that should engage in deradicalization

implementation has not been optimal, for example,

Interior Ministry, Foreign Ministry, Ministry of

National Education, Ministry of Law and Human

Rights, Social Ministry, Religion Ministry, Ministry

of Communication and Information, National

Intelligence Agency, Indonesian Army’s Elements

in regions, non-government organization,

universities, religion leader, and community leader.

The Optimization of Deradicalization Policy in Overcoming Terrorism Crime in Indonesia

2483

In addition, other social approaches such as

economic, education, and cultural approaches to

prisoners, ex-terrorist prisoners, and family have not

been implemented optimally. Viewed from

formulation aspect, unorganized institution,

community and stakeholder components related to

deradicalization policy are also the weaknesses that

should be corrected because BNPT (National

Agency for Combating Terrorism) impossibly

implements deradicalization policy independently.

The attempt of reinforcing deradicalization

policy in overcoming terrorism crime in Indonesia

should be governed explicitly, among others, in

relation to the regulation formulation of other

institutions involved in deradicalization policy.

Deradicalization policy as mentioned in Article 43 D

should be governed further and in more detailed in

Government Regulation. There should be the

balanced use of criminal law instruments, either

penal (criminal sanction) or non-penal

(deradicalization), in overcoming terrorism. Synergy

and participation of all nation components in

overcoming terrorism using deradicalization

medium should be optimized including Interior

Ministry, Foreign Ministry, Ministry of National

Education, Ministry of Law and Human Rights,

Social Ministry, Religion Ministry, Ministry of

Communication and Information, BIN (National

Intelligence Agency), Army Elements in region, and

other elements, and other stakeholders including

non-government institutions, universities, religion

leaders, community leaders. Other social approaches

such as economic, education, social and cultural

approaches are equally important to be conducted to

not only prisoners and ex-terrorism prisoners but

also their family.

REFERENCES

Arief, B. N. (1998). Beberapa Aspek Kebijakan

Penegakan dan Pengembangan Hukum Pidana.

Bandung: Citra Aditya Bhakti.

Arief, B. N. (2011). Bunga Rampai Kebijakan Hukum

Pidana, Perkembangan Penyusunan Konsep KUHP

Baru. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group.

Article 1 and Article 2 of RI’s Presidential Regulation

Number 46 of 2010 about Agency for Combating

Terrorism. (n.d.).

Barda Nawawi, A. (2002). Masalah Penegakan Hukum

dan Kebijakan Penanggulangan Kejahatan. Bandung:

Citra Aditya Bakti.

Gayo, A. A., & Muchlizi, A. F. (2016). Penanggulangan

Terorisme Dalam Perspektif Hukum, Sosial dan

Ekonomi, Pusat Penelitian Badan Keahlian, DPRRI

Dan Dian Rakyat.

Golose, P. R. (2010). Deradikalisasi Terorisme: Humanis,

Soul Approach dan Menyentuh Akar Rumput. Jakarta:

PKIK.

Indonesia, K. L. N. (n.d.). Indonesia dan Upaya

Penanggulangan Terorisme. Direktorat KIPS.

Prasetyo, D. (2016). Sinergi TNI-Polri dalam

Deradikalisasi Terorisme di Indonesia. Jurnal

Keamanan Nasional, 2(1).

RI’s Law Number 5 of 2018 the Amendment to Law

Number 15 of 2003 about the stipulation of Regulation

Substituting Law (Perpu) Number 1 of 2002 About

Terrorism Crime Eradication to be Law. (n.d.).

Sudarto. (1986). Hukum dan Hukum Pidana. Bandung:

Alumni.

Suryani, T. (2017). No Title. Jurnal Keamanan Nasional,

3(2), 272.

Wignjosoebroto, S. (2013). Metode Penelitian Hukum

Konstelasi dan Refleksi, Yayasan Pustaka Obor

Indonesia.

ICRI 2018 - International Conference Recent Innovation

2484