The Relationship between the Principal’s Leadership and the Work

Environment with Teacher Performance of SDS Islam Muslimin

Jakarta

Isti Nurhayati

, Marhamah

, Farhah

and Agus Umar

Postgraduate Program, Jakarta Islamic University, Balai Rakyat Street Utan Kayu Matraman, Jakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: Leadership, Work environment and Teacher Performance

Abstract: This study aims to find out and analyze the correlation between the principal's leadership and the work

environment with the teacher's performance. From the results of multiple correlation calculations, there

is a positive relationship between the principal's leadership and the work environment together with the

teacher's performance. That there is a positive relationship between the leadership of the principal and the

work environment and the performance of teachers in SDS Islam Muslimin. The results of this study

indicate that the performance of teachers in SDS Muslim Muslimin Central Jakarta is influenced by the

leadership of the principal and the work environment. The better the headmaster's leadership and work

environment, the higher the teacher's performance. Vice versa. Or in other words there is a significant

relationship between the leadership of the principal and the work environment and the performance of

teachers in SDS Islam Muslimin.

1 INTRODUCTION

An organization is a social unit that is

consciously coordinated with a limit that can be

identified as active, working continuously to achieve

goals. The function of the principal is not only as a

manager, but also as a thinker and developer. The

Principal is required to be professional and master

well his work exceeds the average of other personnel

in the school, and has a high moral commitment to his

work in accordance with the code of ethics of his

profession.

Payaman (2005: 65) Teacher performance

refers to behavior when teaching in class. Motivation

will arise in the teacher if there is attention,

suitability, trust and satisfaction given by the

principal, as well as smooth communication between

teachers and principals and teachers with teachers,

will improve performance. Teacher performance is

inseparable from the role of a school principal as a

leader who has the authority to govern others, the

principal plays an active role in resolving the

problems that arise from the bottom and that is at the

same time a challenge that must be faced by a leader,

the principal always faces and mobilizes all his

strengths to solve problems with his subordinates.

The achievements of the students of SDS

Muslim Islam in the academic field at the output of

their graduates decreased from a few years ago the

value of the National Examination or School

Examination with sufficient grades in graduates in

2016, while in the previous few years in the alumni

academic field the grades were very satisfying with

an average of 8.5. Some factors that are less

supportive include lack of harmonization between

school principals and teachers, teacher changes in

each year, class teachers lacking in mastering the

material, students lacking discipline in learning, and

less supportive roles of parents and the environment

as well.

Performance is the level of achievement of

results on the execution of certain tasks. Simanjuntak

(2005: 65) Teacher performance refers to behavior

when teaching in class. Behavior is something that is

very important in creating a conducive teaching and

learning atmosphere. Motivation will arise in the

teacher if there is attention, suitability, trust and

satisfaction given by the principal, as well as smooth

communication between teachers and principals and

teachers with teachers, will improve performance.

Teacher performance is inseparable from the role of a

school principal as a leader who has the authority to

govern others, the principal plays an active role in

Nurhayati, I., Marhamah, ., Farhah, . and Umar, A.

The Relationship between the Principal’s Leadership and the Work Environment with Teacher Performance of SDS Islam Muslimin Jakarta.

DOI: 10.5220/0009943524152422

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Recent Innovations (ICRI 2018), pages 2415-2422

ISBN: 978-989-758-458-9

2415

resolving the problems that arise from the bottom and

that is at the same time a challenge that must be faced

by a leader, the principal always faces and mobilizes

all his strengths to solve the problems below, but the

efforts made by a school principal are not as easy as

we think the headmaster is constrained by many

things such as the attitude of subordinates / teachers

in interpreting the commands given by the leader in

this case the principal, often we find something

happening the contradiction of the will between the

leadership and subordinates, between the teacher and

the principal, what the principal wants cannot be

captured or accepted by the teacher, causing

prejudice.

2 LITERATUR REVIEW

2.1 Leadership Definition

Leadership is taken from the word leader

who in English is called the leader from the root word

to lead which contains a meaning that is closely

related; move early, walk ahead, take the first step, do

first, spearhead, direct the thoughts-actions of others,

guide, guide, move others through their influence.

(Mangunhardjana, 1976: 11)

In the Al-Qur'an there are several Surahs

which explain about a leader including QS. Al-

Maidah / 5: 51 Meaning: "O ye who believe, do not

take Jews and Christians to be leaders (you), some of

them are leaders for some others. Whoever of you

takes them to be a leader, then actually that person

belongs to their class. Verily Allah does not guide

those who do wrong.

From this verse it can be concluded that

essentially all mean the same, namely the leader. And

every leader has responsibility for his leadership. The

responsibility contains rights and obligations that

must be fulfilled between the two parties, both as

leaders and those who are led. The meeting of the

three basic elements, namely the leader, who is led

and the responsibility is the core of leadership.

Leadership can be interpreted as a process of

influencing and directing employees to do the work

that has been assigned to them. As defined by Stoner,

Freeman, and Gilbert (1995: 45), leadership is the

process of directing and influencing the task related

activities of group members. Leadership is the

process of directing and influencing members in

terms of various activities that must be carried out.

Furthermore, Griffin (2000: 67) divides the notion of

leadership into two concepts, namely as a process,

and as an attribute. The process, leadership is focused

on what is done by leaders, namely the process by

which leaders use their influence to clarify

organizational goals for employees, subordinates, or

those they lead, motivate them to achieve these goals,

and help create a productive culture in the

organization. As for the attributes, leadership is a

collection of characteristics that must be possessed by

a leader. Therefore, leaders can be defined as

someone who has the ability to influence the behavior

of others without using force, so that the people they

lead accept themselves as a person who is worthy of

leading them. (Ernie, Kurniawan, 2005: 255)

2.2 Understanding the Work

Environment

According to L.R Sayly, Strauss, in

Sudarmayanti, (2001: 96) the physical environment in

the sense of all the circumstances surrounding the

workplace will affect employees both directly and

indirectly.

1. The physical environment can be divided into

two categories, namely:

a. An environment that is directly related

to employees (such as: work center,

desk chair and so on)

b. Intermediate environment or general

environment (such as: houses, offices,

factories, schools, city highway

systems, etc.).

2. Environmental intermediaries, can also be called

a work environment that affects human

conditions, for example: temperature,

institutional, air circulation, lighting, noise,

mechanical vibration, odor, color and others.

The work environment is something that is

around the organization that affects teacher

performance. According Atmodiwirio (2000: 113)

"The work environment is a condition, situation and

work conditions that give rise to high morale / morale,

in order to improve performance as expected".

2.3 Performance Definition

Performance is the level of achievement of

results on the execution of certain tasks. Payaman J.

Simanjuntak (2005: 141). Teacher performance refers

to behavior when teaching in class. Behavior is

something that is very important in creating a

conducive teaching and learning atmosphere.

Motivation will arise in the teacher if there is

attention, suitability, trust and satisfaction given by

the principal, as well as smooth communication

ICRI 2018 - International Conference Recent Innovation

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between teachers and principals and teachers with

teachers, will improve performance.

Teacher performance is inseparable from the

role of a principal as a leader who has the authority to

govern others, the principal plays an active role in

resolving problems arising from his subordinates and

that is at the same time a challenge that must be faced

by a leader, the principal always faces and mobilizes

all of its strength is to solve the problems below, but

the efforts made by a school principal are not as easy

as we think the headmaster is constrained by many

things such as the attitude of subordinates / teachers

in interpreting the commands given by the leader in

this case the principal, often we find something

happening the contradiction of the will between the

leadership and subordinates, between the teacher and

the principal, what the principal wants cannot be

captured or accepted by the teacher, causing

prejudice.

Admittedly, teachers who have good

performance will always be creative to develop all the

potential that exists in them. This is because the

student has a clear goal of the learning process, and

feels that learning is a need that must always be

fulfilled.

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Types of Research

The approach used in this research is

quantitative, which is a research approach based on

the clarity of its elements consisting of clarity of

purpose, approach, subject, sample, data sources that

have been established and detailed from the

beginning. Likewise with the steps of research and

design and data collection and data analysis

(Arikunto, 1996).

This type of research uses survey research

methods with a quantitative research approach.

Survey research in question is to explain causal

influences and test hypotheses. This type of research

focuses on disclosing the causal influence between

variables, namely a research directed to investigate

the effect of causes based on observations of the

consequences that occur, with the aim of separating

the direct relationship and indirect relationship of a

causal variable to the resulting variable.

3.2 Population and Sample

Population is the area of generalization

which consists of: objects / subjects that have certain

qualities and characteristics set by the researcher to

be studied and then drawn conclusions (Al Rasid,

Harun, 1993: 31).

Population is the whole object of research

consisting of humans, objects, animals, plants, and

events as data sources that have certain characteristics

in a study. The population taken in this study is

guided by the opinion of Suharmisi Arikunto: "If the

subject is less than 100 people, then all are taken, so

this research is a population research. Furthermore, if

the number of subjects is large, 10-15% or more can

be taken, depending on at least the ability of the

researcher to be seen in terms of time, energy and

funds.

In this study the study population were SDS

Muslim Muslim teachers with 40 teachers in the

2016-2017 school year.

3.3 Sampling Technique

Sampling of probability sampling techniques. All

members of the population have the same opportunity

to be sampled. More specifically, the probability

technique used is stratified random sampling. This

technique must be used from the beginning when the

researcher knows that the condition of the population

consists of several members who have different

stratifications or layers. Sample members in each

element must have the same (homogeneous)

characteristics.

3.4 Research Instruments

In this study, measurements were taken in real

situations, in accordance with the respondents'

assessment of what he experienced, not what the

researcher wanted. Research instruments are arranged

in the form of statements and all use a Likert scale,

(Al Rasid, Harun, 1993: 27) then the statement is

given a weighting value between 1-5. Instrument in

this study consists of three measuring instruments.

The three measuring instruments are: leadership

scale, work environment scale and performance scale.

3.5 Data Collection Procedure

All data containing information about the

three variables studied were obtained by a survey that

was directly carried out by the researchers

The Relationship between the Principal’s Leadership and the Work Environment with Teacher Performance of SDS Islam Muslimin Jakarta

2417

themselves. The filling procedure uses questionnaires

and questionnaires. This is done to speed up the data

collection process and to keep all respondents

understand the filling procedure properly.

3.6 Data Analysis Technical

After the results of the questionnaire data

from the principal's leadership variables,

questionnaire work environment and questionnaire

the teacher's performance was collected, then

processed and analyzed using statistical formulas,

namely descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.

Researchers using descriptive analysis is not

intended to test hypotheses, as only describing the

existence of exogenous variables that function to

connect and endogenous variables that are related.

There are two exogenous variables in this study,

principals' leadership (X1) and work environment

(X2), endogenous variables namely teacher

performance (Y). Inferential analysis is used to

measure the level of direct relationship variables of

the principal's leadership with teacher performance

(X1 - Y), work environment with teacher

performance (X2 - Y) and the principal's leadership

variables and work environment with teacher

performance (X1, X2 - Y) Before testing the

hypothesis, the requirements for the assumption of

normality, homogeneity and linearity are tested.

3.7 Instrument Testing

In an effort to assign weight to the research

instrument, the author conducted an instrument trial

on the subject of a predetermined sample consisting

of 40 teachers in SDS Islam Muslimin Jakarta-Pusat.

The trial is intended to examine or obtain data,

whether the instrument used is valid, reliable, or not.

There are steps to test the instrument as follows:

3.8 Validity Test

What is meant by validity is the extent of the

determination and accuracy of a measuring

instrument in performing its measuring function. A

test is said to have high validity if the tool carries out

its measuring function, or provides a measurement

result that is in accordance with the purpose of the

measurement, meaning that the results of

measurement and measurement are quantities that

accurately reflect the actual facts or circumstances of

what is measured (Djaali, 2008 : 40) in testing the

validity of this test, it is used. Product Moment

correlation analysis. Then the steps taken by the

author in testing the validity of this instrument are as

follows:

Give value to each option from each questionnaire

item, sort each item's score from high to lowest. Look

for r count with product moment correlation analysis

Establish significance level and determine the degree

of freedom Enter into the table that has been provided

with the provision that a test can be said to be valid if

r count is greater than r table.

As per the data obtained, the writer will analyze the

quantitative descriptive method. This method uses the

"r" product moment correlation and goes through the

following stages:

Looking for Correlation Numbers, with the formula:

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

∑

 

∑



∑











∑







∑











∑

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Information :





= Correlation coefficient

between variables X and

variable Y

ƩX = Number of X scores

ƩY = Number of Y scores

n = Number of respondents

ƩXY =The number of multiplication

results between X score and Y

score

4 RESEARCH RESULT

In this study taken from the distribution of

questionnaires given to 40 Islamic SDS Islamic

teachers. This questionnaire consists of 50 statement

items for variables X1 and X2 while the Y variable is

only 47 items because there are 3 invalid statements.

The three research variables in the form of

questionnaires were the Principal Leadership variable

(X1), Work Environment variable (X2) and Teacher

Performance (Y).

Description of the data to be presented and the

results of this study by providing a general

description of the distribution of data distributed in

the field. The data presented in the form of raw data

that has been processed using statistical techniques

description. The description of the data is presented

in the form of tables and graphs.

4.1 Hypothesis Testing

Relationship between Principal Leadership

and Work Environment with Teacher Performance

ICRI 2018 - International Conference Recent Innovation

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(X1, X2 and Y). The null hypothesis (H0) states that

there is no significant relationship between the

leadership of the principal and the work environment

with the teacher's performance. While

alternative

hypothesis (H1) states that there is a significant

relationship between the principal's leadership and

the work environment with teacher performance.

From the results of statistical calculations

using SPSS for windows release 170 for relationships

the work environment as an independent variable

with teacher performance as the dependent variable is

obtained as follows:

From the correlation data above it is known

that the correlation coefficient between the principal's

leadership variables (X1) and the work environment

(X2) as the independent variable with the teacher's

performance variable (Y) as the dependent variable is

0.352. This value reflects that between these three

variables there is a very strong relationship. Positive

correlation values can mean that the increasing

leadership of the principal and the work environment

with the teachers, the teacher's performance will

certainly increase. The coefficient of determination

0.656 or in the form of a percentage of 65.6% reflects

that changes in the variable teacher performance can

be explained by the work environment variable by

65.6% while the remaining 34.4% is influenced by

the principal leadership variables and other variables

not included in this research.

To determine the significance of the

relationship between X1 and X2 with Y can be seen

from the comparison between the value of tcount at

the level obtained based on the calculation of

regression compared with the value of rtable at the

95% confidence level (ɑ - 0.05) with a degree of

freedom (DF) of 2, 37 of the above count obtained the

value for t count is 0.352 while the value of t table is

0.312. Because the tcount value is greater than the

ttable value, this means that the principal's leadership

variables and work environment have a positive and

significant relationship to teacher performance.

From the regression data above obtained

equation as follows: Y = 0.26925 + 0.085 X1 + 0.863

X2 The definition of the equation is obtained by a

constant value of 26.925 which means when the

principal's leadership variables and work

environment are 0. Then the teacher performance

variable is worth 26.925 . The negative value of 0.085

contained in the regression coefficient of the

principal's leadership variable shows a negative

relationship where each increase of one unit of the

principal leadership variable is 0.085 while a positive

value of 0.863 is contained in the variable regression

coefficient Work environment shows a positive

influence where each increase in one unit of

environmental variables work will lead to an increase

in teacher performance by 0.863.

5 DISCUSSION

From the results of the analysis presented in

the table above, the principal's leadership variable

(X1) obtained the price: t1 = 0.078 db = 1.38, p-value

= 0.093 / 2 = 0.046 <0.05, or Ho was rejected. Thus:

The principal's leadership is related to the teacher's

performance and the results of the analysis presented

in the table above, the working environment variable

(X2) is obtained the price: t2 = 0.858, db = 1.38, p-

value = 0.039 / 2 = 0.019 <0 , 05, or Ho is rejected.

Thus: The work environment is related to teacher

performance. While the results of the analysis

presented in the table above, Principal Leadership

variables (X1), Work environment (X2) and Teacher

Performance (Y) obtained prices: t2 = 0.0128, db =

2.37, p-value = 0, 0206/3 = 0.042 <0.05, or Ho is

rejected. Thus: The leadership of the principal and the

work environment relate together with the

performance of the teacher.

Based on the results of correlational

calculations indicate that between variables both

individually and jointly, the leadership of the

principal and the work environment with teacher

performance have a significant relationship. Principal

leadership is significantly related to teacher

performance, and the work environment is

significantly related to teacher performance.

In this study shows that the leadership of the

principal plays an active role in addressing various

issues in schools that are less precise, for example

overcoming the factors that influence and relate to

improving teacher performance. In

besides, the

success of a leader comes from authority, personal

traits, skills and behavior. Based on these factors, the

principal's leadership is a leader's behavior in

carrying out his duties as a leader, which is seen in his

ability to make decisions, delegate authority, giving

encouragement, exemplary, friendliness, openness,

and everyday behavior that serves as a reinforcement

of behavior himself.

Positive principals' leadership will foster

direction in school management effectively and

efficiently, conditions can occur due to the positive

leadership of principals encouraging the work of

teachers in carrying out their duties. This means that

if the teacher likes the principal's leadership that is

applied by the principal, it will foster the performance

of the teacher in carrying out his duties.

The Relationship between the Principal’s Leadership and the Work Environment with Teacher Performance of SDS Islam Muslimin Jakarta

2419

By paying attention to the discussion above, it

is clear that a positive view is needed about the

leadership of the principal. If this fact is observed in

leadership theory there is no theory that recommends

the best principal leadership, which can create a

positive outlook from teachers and other employees.

Therefore, the headmaster is required to be able to

implement the right headmaster's leadership in the

right situation and conditions, so that his leadership

can create a good work climate, conducive and

ultimately will develop a responsible work culture

and improve teacher performance towards a better

one.

Teachers are an important component in

learning activities and have a big influence on student

learning outcomes in school. Therefore, the teacher

must be competent and able to create an effective

learning environment and be able to manage the class

so that student learning outcomes can be optimal. To

achieve these results, the role of the teacher in

learning activities includes various aspects including

as a teacher, as a class leader, as a mentor, as an

environmental regulator, as a participant, as a

planner, as a supervisor, as a motivator, and as a

counselor.

Following on the work environment that

determines the teacher's performance, the work

environment greatly influences the teacher's

performance which includes facilities and

infrastructure whether adequate or not, the

atmosphere and environmental conditions both

physical and non-physical also contribute to the work

comfort of a teacher.

Furthermore, the effectiveness of the

principal's leadership is influenced by acceptability

and capability. This means that a leader will be

accepted by his subordinates if: 1) has the allure,

because knowledge, skills, attitudes and actions, 2)

are classified as leaders who are basically democratic

but at the same time able to make certain adjustments

depending on the situation and conditions they face,

3) realizing large meaning and nature of its existence

in the organization which is reflected in its ability to

carry out various leadership functions that must be

carried out, 4) in superior and subordinate

relationships as well as he has a unique identity with

advantages and disadvantages, 6) able to associate

talents, theoretical knowledge and opportunity to lead

by continuing to have as many ideal leadership traits

as possible, 7) while still using a holistic and

integrative paradigm, able to determine the

organization's priority scale in accordance with the

nature, shape and type of goals and various objectives

to be achieved, 8) take into account the environmental

situation influences both positively and negatively

towards the organization, 9) utilizes developments

that occur in the field of science and technology

without moving from human orientation as the most

important element in the organization, and 10)

placing organizational interests above self-interest

reflected in speech and action the horn.

6 CONCLUSION

Based on the results of the research and

discussion that have been stated in the previous

chapter, the researchers concluded that

1. There is a positive relationship between the

principal's leadership and the work environment

together with the teacher's performance. Both of

these independent variables go hand in hand with

the dependent variable meaning that the better the

headmaster's leadership and work environment.

The higher the teacher's performance is. The

correlation coefficient between the two

independent variables with the dependent variable

is 0.352 with a determination coefficient of 0.656

which means that the teacher's performance can

be explained by the variation of the principal's

leadership and work environment by 65.6%. The

form of a joint relationship between the principal's

leadership and the work environment with the

teacher's performance is shown by the regression

equation Ŷ = 26925 + 0.085 (X1) + 0.863 (X2).

This is corroborated by the calculation of the t-test

of 2.37 significant at the significant level of 0.078

t table = 0.312 (t count ˃ t table). Thus there is a

positive relationship between the leadership of the

principal and the work environment with the

performance of teachers in SDS Islam Muslimin.

2. The principal as a leader must be able to carry out

various appropriate strategies to direct teachers,

give orders, motivate teachers to work well and

involve teachers in decision making. If the teacher

is empowered and valued by various abilities by

the principal, the teacher will try to do activities

with quality learning. Whereas the work

environment is everything that is around the

teachers that can affect him in carrying out the

tasks that are charged, for example lighting, air

temperature, space for movement, security,

cleanliness, social interaction with others.

Management of facilities and infrastructure is

needed to help the learning process run smoothly.

In order to achieve the goals of the school's vision

and mission well. Teachers as the main holder of

learning activities must strive to have and display

ICRI 2018 - International Conference Recent Innovation

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high performance when conducting learning

activities by following the learning process

standards from the learning planning stage,

implementation, evaluation / evaluation to follow-

up after learning in order to realize a high quality

of learning. Teachers have a high level of maturity

and ability are more likely to have high

performance. Conversely, teachers who have a

low level of maturity and ability are more likely

to have low performance. This will contribute to

the achievement of teacher performance.

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