The Role of Entrepreneurship in Increasing Income for the

Operational Costs of Enforcement Islamic

Diyah Yuli Sugiarti

, Ramdani Murdiana

, Rita Aryani

and Nurdelima Waruwu

Universitas Islam 45, Cut Mutia Raya Street, Bekasi, Indonesia

Ibn Haldun University, Ulubatlı Hasan Street, Istanbul, Turkey

Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Raya Hankam Street, Bekasi, Indonesia

Islamic State Syarif Hidayatullah University, Ir. H. Djuanda Street, Tangerang, Indonesia

Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Income, Operational Costs of Enforcement, Islamic Boarding School.

Abstract: This study aims to determine the role of entrepreneurship in increasing the income for the Operational Costs

of Enforcement Islamic Boarding School Sulaimaniyah in Turkey. This research uses a qualitative approach

with descriptive narrative methods. Data is taken from document analysis, servations and interviews with

leaders, staffs, teachers and student in Islamic boarding school Sulaimaniyah. This Islamic boarding school

is an institution that harmonizes education, life skill, social, entrepreneurship, proselytizing and religion. It

was founded by for the Operational Costs of Enforcement Islamic Boarding School Sulaimaniyah in Turkey.

Now this Islamic boarding school has spread in 130 countries with 7,000 branches. Their centre is in Istanbul.

In carrying out its operational activities this Islamic boarding school cannot be separated from the support of

donors and the role of entrepreneurship. Various businesses are run as a form of independence.

Entrepreneurial management carried out professionally generates income for the operational costs of

enforcement education in the Islamic Boarding School Sulaimaniyah in Turkey. Then their success in

entrepreneurship is able to help the financing of branches boarding schools in various countries.

1 INTRODUCTION

As an education system that grows and

develops in society, Islamic boarding school

education institutions is used as a foundation and

hope to be an educational model as another variation

and even could be used as an alternative in the

development of society in order to address the

challenges of urbanization and development

problems today. Therefore, the boarding school with

its function must be in the midst of human, that make

possible for Islamic boarding school education

institution to provide basics knowledge of both the

aqeedah and shari'ah problem in every development

in society. The knowledge taught in Islamic boarding

schools are able to provide foundation for religion

insight that because basically Islamic boarding

schools educate students with the knowledge of Islam

so that the students will grow with Islamic character,

faithful and live according to the rule of Allah the

Almighty creator, they will have deep knowledge of

Islam and behave according to their religious

demands.

The economy of developed nation will bring

prosperity to its people, this statement should

encourage people to keep developing their

entrepreneurship. This also gives a signal to an

institution to be active in entrepreneurship in order to

be able to improve its welfare. Both education and

non-education institution can actively play role in

developing entrepreneurship.

Da'wah education institutions or better known

as Islamic boarding schools which were once only

identical with the preaching activities and were not

familiar with the terms entrepreneurship and

technology. It used to very common for students who

study in Islamic boarding school institution. But as

the technology and the society haved changed the

Islamic boarding schools also have improved their

roles in the society. It is globalization era where

development of technology could not be stopped, the

rapid and significant development of technology such

as the improvement of mobile phone users,

notebooks, laptops, the internet, and so on. This helps

people understand more about technology and follow

the development of its.

2210

Sugiarti, D., Murdiana, R., Aryani, R. and Waruwu, N.

The Role of Entrepreneurship in Increasing Income for the Operational Costs of Enforcement Islamic.

DOI: 10.5220/0009940922102217

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Recent Innovations (ICRI 2018), pages 2210-2217

ISBN: 978-989-758-458-9

The technology that used to be only for

communication media, now become multifunctional.

These days, sophisticated technology can be used as

an entrepreneurial medium. Therefore, Islamic

boarding schools institution welcome the

development of sophisticated technology, because it

can facilitate and accelerate the pace of education in

obtaining students by using technology as a medium

for promotion and communication. Salafi scholars

have said "take something new while it's good, and

don't leave the old ones that are still relevant to use".

In this case the Islamic Boarding School can develop

entrepreneurship for economic progress in order to

support the rate of prosperity for all students,

teachers, employees and the entire academic

community. However, this does not eliminate the

habit of existing activities in Islamic boarding schools

in general, such as study religion, recitation and other

activities that aim to build Islamic character of

children.

The objective Islamic boarding school is not

only the studetns will be good at Islamic knowledge

and preaching, but also good at entrepreneurship in

order to prepare them to be back to thier society,

religious knowledge as a provision for the afterlife

and safeguarding their Islamic character while

entrepreneurship educates students to become

independent individually, these two things will

always be go hand in hand to make disciples and

success in the world and the hereafter.

Sulaimaniyah Islamic Boarding School is a

boarding school that harmonizes education, lifeskill,

social, entrepreneurship, da'wah and religion which

has been initiated since 1936, has spread in 130

countries with 7,000 branches based in Istanbul,

Turkey. The institution under the Sulaimaniyah

Foundation was established by Sheikh Sulaiman

Hilmi Tunahan (1988-1959), one of the descendants

of the Messenger of Allah. In carrying out educational

operational activities, these educational institutions

are inseparable from the support of donors and the

role of entrepreneurship which is carried out as a form

of institution’s independence to finance educational

operational activities in all existing branches.

2 THEORETICAL REVIEW

2.1 Understanding Pesantren

Pesantren or Islamic boarding schools are the

oldest traditional Islamic education institutions in

Indonesia. According to experts, this educational

institution existed before Islam came to Indonesia.

Therefore, the name comes from two different foreign

languages. Pondok comes from the word Funduq

which means place of stay or dormitory, while the

boarding school with the prefix pe- and end-is,

derived from the word santri (student), tamil

language which means the claimant of knowledge or

interpreted as a teacher of recitation.

According to Nurkholis Madjid, in terms of

history, the language of the pesantren is not only

identical with the meaning of Islam, but also contains

the meaning of Indonesian authenticity. Because an

institution similar to this pesantren has actually

existed since the time of Hindu-Buddhist rule, so

Islam only continues and Islamizes existing

educational institutions. While the khalafi or modern

pesantren are pesantren which continue to preserve

the main elements of the pesantren and add modern

elements which are characterized by classical systems

or schools and the existence of general science

material in the curriculum content, thus modern

pesantren is a renewed pesantren education certain to

be adapted to the school system.

Islamic boarding school in the implementation

of education in the form of dormitory which is a

special community under the leadership of clerics and

assisted by clerics who live together with santri with

mosques as the centre of teaching and learning

activities, as well as huts or dormitories as a place of

residence for students and life is creative, like one

family. Islamic boarding schools are a form of Islamic

education institutionalized in Indonesia. In their

development, revealed the existence of a qualified

Islamic education institution, in which schools were

established, both formally and non-formally, even

now pesantren have a new trend in order to renew the

system that has been used, namely:

• Start to be familiar with modern activity

methodologies.

• More oriented towards functional education,

meaning that it is open to developments

outside of itself.

• Diversification of programs and activities

more open and absolute dependence with the

clerics and at the same time can equip students

with a variety of knowledge outside of

religious subjects, as well as skills needed in

employment. It can be function as a

community development centre.

2.2 Pesantren Goals

The purpose of the Islamic Boarding School

According to Muhaimin is divided into two, namely:

 Specific purpose

Preparing students to become pious people in

the science of religion that taught by the kyai

(teacher’s call in Islam) and practice it in

society.

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 General purpose

Guiding students to become human beings

with Islamic personality who are capable of

becoming Islamic scholars in their local

communities through their knowledge and

practice.

2.3 Characteristics of Islamic Boarding

Schools

The existence of Islamic boarding schools and

the community are two sides that cannot be separated,

because they influence each other. Most pesantren

develop from community support, and simply the

emergence or establishment of pesantren is an

initiative of the community both individually and

collectively. Likewise, social change in society is the

dynamics of Islamic boarding school activities in

education and society. Based on the conditions of

pesantren in such a way, the concept of pesantren is a

reflection of people's thinking in educating and

making social changes to society. A clear impact is

that there has been a change in the orientation of

pesantren activities in accordance to the development

of the community. Thus, the boarding school

becomes an educational institution engaged in social

education. Even further than that the pesantren is the

concept of social education in Muslim communities

in the village and in the city.

Basically, the boarding school will not be

separated from the 5 components, namely kyai, there

are huts, the existence of mosques, the existence of

students and the existence of yellow book teaching.

And if there is an institution that develops and has 5

components, it will change its status to a boarding

school. While the type of boarding school proposed

by Kafrawi was cited by Ahmad Tafsir. Whereas the

type of Islamic boarding school proposed by Kafrawi

which was quoted by Ahmad interpretation tried to

identify pesantren into 4 patterns, namely:

 Pattern 1: Islamic boarding schools have activity

units and elements in the form of mosques and

kyai houses.

 Pattern 2: Same as pattern 1 plus the existence of

lodgings for students.

 Pattern 3: Same as pattern 2 plus madrasas. There

has been a classical study.

 Pattern 4: Same as pattern 3 plus units of skills such

as livestock, handicrafts, business unit, fields and

others.

The dimensions of the educational system

activities carried out by the pesantren lead to a main

target, namely change, both individually and

collectively. Therefore, Islamic boarding schools can

also be said to be agents of change, meaning Islamic

boarding schools as religious education institutions

that are capable of making changes to society.

2.4 Definition of Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship refers to nature, character,

and characteristics inherent in individuals who have a

strong will to realize and develop their creative and

innovative ideas into valuable activities.

Entrepreneurial souls and attitudes are not only

owned by entrepreneurs but also everyone who thinks

creatively and acts innovatively. Entrepreneurship is

a creative and innovative ability that is used as a basis,

tips, and resources to seek and utilize opportunities to

succeed.

The term entrepreneurship comes from the

word entrepreneur (Francis language) which is

translated into English with the meaning of a taker or

go-between (Ministry of National Education

Republic of Indonesia, 2007: 9). According to

Suparman Sumohamijaya (2003), the term

entrepreneurship is the same as the term entrepreneur.

Entrepreneur means courage, virtue and courage in

meeting the needs and solving the problems of life

with the strength that is in itself (Munandar, 2006).

According to Raymond (1987) quoted by the

Education Administration Lecturer Team, the

Indonesian Education University believes that

entrepreneurship is the process of creating something

new or innovation in order to obtain individual wealth

or wealth and gain added value for the community

(Indonesian Education University Lecturer Team,

2009: 354). The welfare or added value of the

community as the goal of entrepreneurship is carried

out through the disclosure of new ideas, extracting

resources, and realizing that idea into a profitable

reality.

In fact, the definition of entrepreneurship

changes according to the period of time, meaning that

there is no definitive definition of entrepreneurship.

Some say that entrepreneurship is seeking and

promoting a combination of new production factors,

and some say that entrepreneurship is a reduction of

efficiency organizations or activities to identify

markets opportunities for entrepreneurship is a new

organizational building.

Soul, entrepreneurial attitudes and behavior

have the following characteristics: (1) full of

confidence, with indicators full of confidence,

optimistic, disciplined, committed and responsible;

(2) has initiative, with indicators full of energy, deft

in acting and active; (3) having a motive for

achievement with results-oriented and forward-

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looking indicators; (4) having a dreaming spirit with

indicators daring to be different, trustworthy and

strong in acting; and (5) dare to take risks with full

calculation.

The axiom underlying the entrepreneurial

process is the challenge to think creatively and act

innovatively so that the challenges are overcome and

solved. Entrepreneurial creative and innovative ideas

are not a few that begin with a process of imitation

and duplication, then develop into a development

process and lead to the process of creating something

new, different and meaningful. This stage of creating

something new, different and meaningful is what is

called the entrepreneurial stage.

According to the Hakim, there were four

elements that formed the right and noble

entrepreneurial pattern, namely: (1) mental attitude,

(2) leadership, (3) management and (4) skills. Thus,

entrepreneurs must have certain characteristics or

characteristics so that they can be called

entrepreneurs. In general, an entrepreneur needs to

have the characteristics of self-confidence, task-

oriented and results, dare to take risks, have a

leadership spirit, originality and future-oriented

(Hakim, 1998: 34).

Entrepreneurial characteristics involve three

dimensions, namely innovation, risk taking and

proactivity. Innovative nature refers to the

development of unique products, services or

processes that include conscious efforts to create

specific goals, focusing changes on the

socioeconomic potential of the organization based on

individual creativity and intuition. Risk taking refers

to active willingness to pursue opportunities.

Whereas the proactive dimension refers to the

assertive nature and the continuous implementation

of market opportunity search techniques and

experimenting to change the environment.

From the definition above it can be concluded

that entrepreneurship is an attitude or ability to make

or create something new that is valuable and

beneficial for himself and others.

2.5 Pesantren Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship in the context of Islamic

boarding schools is a decision maker that helps the

formation of an institution's activity system that is

free from the attachments of other institutions. Most

of the drivers of change, innovation, and progress in

the dynamics of activities at pesantren will come from

kiai who have an entrepreneurial spirit. Entrepreneurs

are people who have the energy and desire to engage

in innovative adventures. Entrepreneurs also have the

willingness to accept personal responsibility in

realizing their chosen desires.

An entrepreneur has high innovation power,

which in the process of innovation shows the ways

that are better at doing work. In relation to the work

of kiai, most of them are not aware of the diversity of

their actions in order to advance the pesantren.

Achieving excellence in planning is the ideal in

pursuing goals, but not realistic goals for most

entrepreneurial principals. For realistic scholars,

acceptable results are more important than perfect

results. Everyone including creative and innovative

scholars is unique and specific individuals.

Kiai who have an entrepreneurial spirit

generally have certain goals and expectations that are

outlined in a realistic vision, mission, goals and

strategic plan. Realistic means the goal is adjusted to

the supporting resources they have. The clearer the

goals set the greater the chance to be able to achieve

them. Thus, scholars who are entrepreneurial must

have clear and measurable goals in developing their

pesantren. To find out whether these goals can be

achieved, the vision, mission, goals, and objectives

are developed into more detailed and measurable

indicators for each aspect or dimension. From these

indicators can also be developed into programs and

sub-programs that make it easier to implement in the

development of Islamic boarding schools.

Being an entrepreneur means having the

chance to find and evaluate opportunities, gather the

resources needed and act to benefit from those

opportunities. They dare to take calculated risks and

like challenges with moderate risks. Entrepreneurs

believe and are firm in their ability to make the right

decisions. This decision-making ability is a

characteristic of entrepreneurs.

Confidence are translated into the character

of independence, individuality, and optimism.

Characteristics of the need for achievement include

profit-oriented character, perseverance and fortitude,

determination and hard work, great motivation,

energetic and initiative. Being a leader means being

able to get along with others (subordinates), respond

to suggestions and criticisms, be innovative, flexible,

have lots of resources, are versatile and know a lot. In

addition, entrepreneurs have a forward-looking and

advanced perspective.

Islamic boarding school is not only a religious

education institution to create generations of Islamic

character, but at the same time is able to prove itself

as an economic institution for the welfare of students

and the wider community. This step has been proven

by the Sulaimaniyah Islamic Boarding School in

Turkey. Sulaimaniyah Islamic Boarding School is a

The Role of Entrepreneurship in Increasing Income for the Operational Costs of Enforcement Islamic

2213

boarding school that harmonizes education, lifeskill,

social, entrepreneurship, da'wah and religion which

has been pioneered since 1936, has spread in 130

countries with 7,000 branches based in Istanbul,

Turkey.

The Sulaimaniyah Islamic Boarding School

succeeded in developing the concept of

entrepreneurship in running its educational

operations.

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The purpose of this study is to be useful as a

reference for private education institutions to

continue to exist and develop in the era of

globalization. The research methodology uses a

qualitative approach. The researcher observed

carefully the object of the study to obtain data about

this research, the researcher went directly to the field.

The presence of researchers in this study acted as a

key instrument that directly involved themselves in

the lives of subjects in the research time that

researchers have determined to obtain data in

accordance with the characteristics of qualitative

research.

Data collection used observation techniques that

were carried out according to certain procedures and

rules so that the researcher can repeat them again and

the observations provided space for scientific

interpretation. In addition, researchers analyzed with

deductive analysis that described events that were

general in nature and then collect them with special

characteristics.

4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Enterpreneurship of the Sulaimaniyah

Islamic Boarding School

Sulaimaniyah Islamic Boarding School

entrepreneurship develops its economy by opening

travel for Hajj and Umrah, restaurants, magazines,

ice cream, fresh meat, bookstores, non-governmental

organizations and hospitals as a form of pesantren's

concern to build pesantren independence economic.

This is proven by the efforts made by Sulaimaniyah

Islamic Boarding School to support the welfare of

students and their academic community. Besides that

it can also help to accelerate the construction of

Islamic boarding schools.

Figure 1: Entrepreneurship Belongs to the Sulaimaniyah

Islamic Boarding School.

4.2 The Role of Pesantren in Economic

Empowerment

Pesantren as "Agent of Change" Pesantren is a

community of civilizations. Pesantren alumni are

accustomed to be adapting to the outside world,

starting to engage in the world of education, politics,

social-culture, entrepreneurship and so forth. The

existence of pesantren in the midst of society has a

very strategic meaning, especially if the pesantren has

a general education institution (formal education).

Islamic boarding schools that are rooted in society,

they have power in generating spirit and enthusiasm

the community to achieve progress towards more

prosperous life.

In facing the era of globalization that has an

impact on various changes, community need support

from every element of the society include pesantren,

especially in the economic and socio-cultural fields,

and also need to pay attention that Pesantren

movement in appreciating the globalization and

modernization that is becoming stronger these days.

The flow of globalization and modernization is a

transformation process that cannot be avoided,

therefore all community groups including the

pesantren community must be ready to face it and

need to respond its impacts openly and critically.

Because Pesantren has a strong characteristic in

the soul of the community because they teach

foundations of religion and tradition that make

Pesantren have the power to be resistant toward

negative cultural influences from outside. Islamic

boarding schools are considered as a stronghold of

basic values in society towards foreign cultural

intervention. That is the source of interconnection

between pesantren and its community and it is

reflected in strong traditional and cultural ties and

forms a functional relationship pattern and mutual

complement between the two.

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Islamic boarding schools have a clear social

base, because their existence is integrated with

society. In general, Pesantren live from, by and for the

community. This requires the role and function of

Islamic boarding schools that are in line with the

situation and conditions of the people, nation and

state that are constantly developing. And some others

as a community, pesantren can play a role as a driving

force for efforts to improve community welfare.

Considering that pesantren is a large enough social

force. In general, the accumulation of values and

spiritual life in pesantren is basically a deepening

institution and mastery of religious science, namely

by preserving the teachings of Islam and

implementing it in the socio-cultural context. To

transform pesantren’s role in community

empowerment, certain institutions need special steps

to carry out in producing students as "agents of

change" who are sensitive to the flow of

modernization and socio-cultural problems.

The biggest challenge in facing globalization and

modernization is the empowerment of human

resources (HR) and the economy. In life, there has

been transformation in all aspects, especially social

and cultural, which is very fast and fundamental in all

aspects of human life. These changes require strong,

efficient mental attitudes, life productivity and

community roles. Quality and strong human

resources are able to anticipate the changes that occur

and overcome the problem with it. HR

development will naturally occur as a result of the

interaction between economic growth, socio-cultural

changes, and including the depth of practice of

religious teachings and religious values and the

development of modernization and technology.

Improving the quality of human resources and

economic growth must be directed by strong

personality, ethics and spirituality.

That cause balance between worldliness and

religion. In other words, pesantren must be able to

contribute to the realization of people who are

IMTAQ (faithful and devoted), people that are

knowledgeable and charitable and also modern,

humanist and sensitive to social reality. And that is in

accordance with the rules "al muhafadotu 'ala

qodimish sholih wal akhdu bi jadidil ashlah"

(maintaining good old things and taking new things

better). There are several strategic steps that need to

be carried out namely; science, entrepreneurial spirit,

work ethic and independence.

Knowledge, in this case religious knowledge and

general knowledge. The teachings of religion are the

basis of spiritual values to remain firm in carrying out

religious teachings. General scientific knowledge

keeps developing all the times every human being

must be able to follow it. And HR is the key to human

civilization itself.

So, it is necessary to live in harmony in modernity

by remaining faithful to religious teachings.

Entrepreneurial spirit, entrepreneurial ethos is

used to develop and motivate people in carrying out

economic activities. Its movements are to develop the

nation's entrepreneurship, especially from the Islamic

boarding school area and the community. And it can

create entrepreneurs who are able to compete in the

local to international markets. Islamic boarding

schools can produce entrepreneurs from small and

medium to big businesses.

Work ethic and independence, in the society,

work culture is not yet suitable for modern life.

Pesantren starts with its own environment that could

inspires the community to build work culture

according to demands of modern life. Modern culture

requires a person to be independent, to be able to

handle challenges and intense competition. Modern

life force everyone to have certain competencies in

order to compete and to be dignified in the midst of

society.

Figure 2: SWOT Analysis of Sulaimaniyah Islamic

Boarding School

4.3 SWOT Analysis of Sulaimaniyah

Islamic Boarding School

SWOT analysis for business activities unit at

the Sulaimaniyah Islamic Boarding School, as

follow:

 Strength

The business unit of the Sulaimaniyah

Islamic Boarding School is very effective

because each unit business is located in

densely populated and strategic area, it makes

it easy to promote products.

 Weakness

Some of the weakness of the business

activities unit of the Sulaimaniyah Islamic

Boarding School that the number of businesses

The Role of Entrepreneurship in Increasing Income for the Operational Costs of Enforcement Islamic

2215

engaged in the same field so that competition

in marketing products is becoming more

stringent and competitive.

 Opportunity

The activity of business unit of

Sulaimaniyah Islamic Boarding School which

located in the city centre provide great

opportunities, innovative places and very

crowded consumers. the place is also

accessible by any kind of transport.

 Threath

Challenges faced by entrepreneurship at

the Sulaimaniyah Islamic Boarding School,

including; threat of imitation products from

outside parties, competition from previously

well-known brands and challenges in finding

experts in their fields.

5 CONCLUSION

Transformation of knowledge carried out at

the Sulaimaniyah Islamic Boarding School itself

emphasizes efficiency in terms of delivery, the right

method in providing science materials. The

Sulaimaniyah Islamic Boarding School itself has

more capacity for intervention in the community as

an agent of change development. Starting from the

issue of environmental governance to the realm of the

social system, the Sulaimaniyah Islamic Boarding

School has accepted by the community. Da'wah

carried out by the Sulaimaniyah Islamic Boarding

School is Top and Bottom pattern. The measure is the

partnership established by the boarding school with

various elements in fulfilling the vision and mission

of the Islamic boarding school.

In general, it can be described that the

Sulaimaniyah Islamic Boarding School Education

Institution has succeeded in developing

entrepreneurship and managing various fields of

business units. This is a real effort from the

Sulaimaniyah Islamic Boarding School leaders in

applying entrepreneurial values in managing their

educational institutions such as the ability to see

opportunities, courage and be responsible for the

efforts carried out, as well as utilizing the potential

possessed by the pesantren (Sulaimaniyah Islamic

Boarding School) to become economic activities to

make profits that can use to support the existence of

pesantren. In addition, the business units of the

Sulaimaniyah Islamic Boarding School have

expanded widely, not only in the surrounding

environment but they have grown in 130 countries.

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