Identification of Potential and Readiness of Malasari to Become

Tourism Village in Mount Halimun Salak

Ina Lidiawati

, Ratna Sari Hasibuan

and Sandi Lestari

Forestry Faculty Nusa Bangsa University, Bogor, Indonesia

Keywords: Malasari Village, Object and natural attractions (ODTWA), Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA).

Abstract: Malasari Village was a heart of Halimun because about 80% of its territory was located in the area of

Halimun Salak National Park (TNGHS). The community cannot freely exploit the resources because they

live in the national park area. This village was one of the villages that had the potential and attractiveness

as one tourist attraction, has a natural ecosystem and has a unique, rare and beautiful natural community.

The purpose of this research was to determine the potential and readiness of the Malasari village

community to become a tourist village. The research method used was a description method by

identifying the potential of Malasari village using the criteria for ODTWA (assessment object and natural

attractions) assessment from the Forestry Department and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA). The result

of this research were potentials of the Malasari village were Sawer Waterfall, Citamiang Waterfall,

Bombing Waterfall, Sugar Palm Making, terracing 1001 steps, Homestay Sijagur, Homestay Keramat,

and Seren Taun Culture in the Malasari Kesepuhan. The assessment of ODTWA was 75.92% so it was

feasible to be developed into tourism villages. The community will be ready to play an active role in

developing their village to become one of the community-based tourism villages.

1 INTRODUCTION

Halimun Salak National Park (TNGHS) is often

close to a community, and usually creates conflict

between the community and the National Park

regarding resource utilization. The number of the

population increases and they fulfill their living

needs from the forest. This is often a dilemma. One

side of the ecosystem and forest resources is

expected to remain in good condition but on the

other hand, the lives of the surrounding and existing

communities in the region cannot be ignored. Under

this conditions will require a solution that can

accommodate the interests of various parties. An

alternative program that can meet the needs of the

community, especially economically, but the

program can also maintain the existing e

cosystem is tourism utilization. This is consistent

with Maulany, Putri and Achmad (2018) research in

which the potential of existing resources in an area

needs to be developed and utilized for the benefit

and welfare of the community without forgetting

conservation efforts so that a balance between

protection, preservation, and sustainable use was

achieved.

Malasari village is the heart of Halimun because

± 80% of its territory was within the Halimun Salak

National Park (TNGHS). Malasari villagers did not

freely use resources because they live in the

National Park. The national park is a natural

conservation area that has native ecosystems,

managed with zoning systems that are used for

research, science, education, tourism, and recreation

purposes.

Malasari village is one of the villages that have

potential and tourist attraction. Malasari village has

a representation of natural ecosystems, unique, rare

and beautiful natural communities. It can be used as

Objects for Nature Tourism (ODTWA). Malasari

village has unidentified tourism potential, so the

researchers want to know what are the potential that

exists in the Malasari’s village that can be used as a

tourist attraction and how prepared is the Malasari

community in accepting tourists who will come to

their village? The purposes of this research were to

find out about the potential of Malasari Village and

readiness of Malasari community to be a Tourism

Village. The expected result of this study was that

the Malasari people ready to accept local and foreign

tourists, so that the Malasari people earn their

income by the presence of tourists and the forests

where they live was maintained its sustainability.

2142

Lidiawati, I., Hasibuan, R. and Lestari, S.

Identiﬁcation of Potential and Readiness of Malasari to Become Tourism Village in Mount Halimun Salak.

DOI: 10.5220/0009940121422150

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Recent Innovations (ICRI 2018), pages 2142-2150

ISBN: 978-989-758-458-9

The paper is stage within four sections. In the

first section, the part elucidates the research

program, including the background, problem,

purpose, and objective. In the second section,

researchers demonstrate the methodology of the

research including population, procedure, sampling,

data collection, analysis, and instrument of the

study. Result and discussion are in the third section.

The last section is concluded by the fourth section.

2 RESEARCH METHODS

This research was carried out in Malasari Village,

Nanggung District, Bogor Regency, West Java, from

January to March 2018 (Figure 1).

The research tools used were stationery, cameras,

laptops, questionnaires. The method used was a

description method by identifying the potential of

Malasari village using the criteria for ODTWA

assessment from Forestry Department, this was in

accordance with research Susdianti, Hasibuan, and

Ariyani (2017), Haris, Soekmadi, and Arifin (2017),

Zen, Sadjati, and Ikhwan(2018).

Figure 1: Map of Research Locations in Malasari Village.

Tables 1-3 were questionnaires using the

ODTWA method. The total value for ODTWA

assessment criteria can be calculated by the

following equation.

S = N x B (1)

Where:

S = score a criterion

N = the number of elements in the criteria

B = value weight

Table 1: Criteria for Assessment of Natural Tourism

Attractiveness (Value Weight 6).

No

Element / SubElement Score

30 25 20 15 10

The uniqueness of natural

resources

a. Flora

b. Fauna

c. Culture

d. Waterfall

e. Historical place

2 The number of natural

resources that stand out :

a. Natural Beauty

b. Culture

c. Waterfall

Natural tourism activities that can

be done :

a. Enjoy Natural Beauty

b. Picnic

c. Natural Education

d. Research

e. Camping

4 Cleanliness of tourist sites, no

influence from:

a. Crowded Road

b. Settlement

c. Trash

d. Vandalism

Comfort

a. Clean and Fresh air

b. Free from noise

c. No annoying traffic

d. Good service for visitor

Table 2: Criteria for Assessment Accessibility (Value

Weight 5).

Element

/ Sub

Element

Score

1 Street

condition

Good

enough

moderate

bad

istance

from City

˂ 5

5 – 35

35 – 55

55 – 75

3 Travel

Time From

City

1 – 2

hours

2 – 3

hours

3 – 4

hours

≥ 5

hours

Table 3: Criteria for Assessment of Supporting Facilities

and Infrastructure (Value Weight 3).

No Element / Sub

Element

Score

1 facilities 50 40 30 20 10

a. Shop

b. Souvenir shop

c. Information

center

2 Supporting

infrastruktur

50 40 30 20 10

Identiﬁcation of Potential and Readiness of Malasari to Become Tourism Village in Mount Halimun Salak

2143

a. Drinking Water

Network

b. Electric

network

c. Puskesmas

The feasibility index of an ecotourism area was

as follows:

▪ Feasibility level <33.3%: not feasible to

be developed, with criteria for a tourist area

that has low potential, facilities, and

infrastructure based on predetermined

parameters and inadequate accessibility.

▪ Feasibility level 33.3% - 66.6%: not yet

feasible to be developed, with the criteria of a

tourist area that has the potential, advice and

medium infrastructure based on the parameters

that have been established and supported by

sufficient accessibility.

▪ Feasibility level> 66.6%: feasible to

develop, with criteria for a tourist area that has

potential, a set of parameters that have been

established and supported by adequate

accessibility.

To analyze the community readiness, the authors

were also using Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)

method. This method was the development of the

application of the research method of Participatory

Research Appraisal which involves the community

as the actors of the activity process and not as

objects, this was in accordance with Karim, (2017)

research. The stages in the participatory rural

assessment process include: a) Village preparation

with village officials determine the place and time,

coordinate with religious leaders and community

leaders, announce to the public about plans to assess

the condition of the village, prepare accommodation

and consumption and the necessary funds, determine

the information to be reviewed b) Conduct a review

of the state of PRA activities, share experiences and

knowledge, analyze experience and knowledge, and

summarize the results obtained through PRA

activities. c) Collection and formulation of the

results of the PRA with the community.

Sampling of Respondents

1. Society:

Determination of community respondents with

purposive sampling based on the number of active

population in Malasari Village. Determination of

respondents was set at 10% of the total

population/family, the population in 2017 was 187

family, so the number of respondents was 20 family.

2. Visitors

In this study the population was not known with

certainty so to determine the sample size,

researchers used accidental sampling. The sampling

unit was Malasari Village visitors with the

requirement that visitors be at least 15 years old and

maximum 50 years old, while the visitor

requirements were at least still in high school until

they had worked.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Identification of the Potential of

Malasari Village

Tourism potential was everything found in tourist

destinations and was an attraction for people to

come and visit the place. Ecotourism was an activity

to visit a natural area that was relatively undisturbed

with the aim of seeing, studying, and admiring the

beauty of nature, flora, fauna, and cultural aspects of

both the past and present contained within the

region.

3.1.1 Attraction

Based on Maharani (2016), Susdianti, Hasibuan, and

Ariyani (2017) attractiveness was a factor that

makes people want to visit and see directly to an

interesting place. Tourist attraction was anything

that has a unique, beautiful, and value in the form of

diversity of natural, cultural, and man-made wealth

which was the target or destination of tourist visits.

In general, tourist attraction was classified into three

classifications:

a) Natural tourist attraction

Natural tourist attraction comes from existing

natural conditions including proximity to the natural

surroundings or the environment such as beach

tourism, marine tourism, mountain nature tourism,

wild and remote areas, park and conservation areas.

b) Cultural attractiveness

A cultural appeal has objects derived from socio-

cultural conditions of the community or relics such

as the condition of community customs, social

conditions of the community, and traditional events.

c) Man-made attractiveness (including

artificial / special)

This man-made attraction was an attraction that

develops something that was sourced from man-

made or included as a special attraction such as

people's amusement parks, festivals - music

festivals, annual festivals or locations of

competitions (boats, crosses, etc).

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3.1.2 The Uniqueness of Natural Resources

The tourist attractions found in Malasari Village

were five unique natural resources, namely flora,

fauna, historical, cultural and waterfall places so that

the unique value was 30 with a total of 180 (Table

4). Flora found in the form of Beringin trees (Ficus

benjamina), Rasamala (Schima walichii), Mango

(Mangifera sp), Puspa (Altingia excelsa), and

palawija crops. The fauna found were White Starling

(Acridotheres melanopterus), Elang Brontok

(Nisaetus cirrhatus), Javan gibbon (Hylobates

moloch), Lutung (Trachypithecus) and Monkey

(Macaca fascicularis).

There was the first Bogor Regent pavilion Ipik

Gandamanah (Figures 2) and the Atmosphere in the

Boepati Pendopo (Figure 3). Historical tourism in

the first Bogor regent's house was used to carry out

all activities of the Bogor regency government in

1947. At that time Ipik Gandamanah received an

assignment from the government of the Republic of

Indonesia to arrange the Bogor regency

administration which was centered in the Jasinga

region. After Ipik Gandamanah was appointed as the

first Bogor regent, it was in Malasari Village that

government activities were carried out long enough.

3.1.3 Prominent Natural Resources

Prominent natural resources were a natural beauty,

waterfalls, and culture. Prominent natural resources

get a value of 20 with a total value of 120, so the

total attractiveness was 780 (Table 4) and the

feasibility index was 86.66% so that it was feasible

to develop (Table 6). The natural beauty that stands

out one of them was the presence of frequent

terraces in Malasari Village, precisely in Sijagur,

which were terraced rice fields known as "1001

undak rice fields" and have the charm of the beauty

of Bali in Bogor (Figure 4). According to Ilahude,

and Iswati (2015), terracing was a mechanical soil

and water conservation building that was made to

shorten the length of the slope and or reduce the

slope with excavation and soil sloping roads across

the slope.

Figure 2: Pavilion Ipik Gandamanah.

Figure 3: The Atmosphere in the Boepati Pendopo.

The purpose of making terraces was to reduce

runoff and increase water infiltration, resulting in

reduced soil loss. Soil and water conservation were

two interrelated things. Various soil conservation

measures automatically were also water

conservation measures. Many kinds of engineering

methods for soil and water conservation in soil

management, one of them was terracing.



Figure 4: Terracing 1001 Undak Rice Sijagur.

Identiﬁcation of Potential and Readiness of Malasari to Become Tourism Village in Mount Halimun Salak

2145

One of the waterfalls in Malasari village was

Sawer waterfall (Figure 5). Sawer in the Sundanese

equivalent was giving money by throwing it, called

the Sawer waterfall because there was a myth that

develops in the surrounding community that if

someone throws a coin into a waterfall, it was

believed that the money thrower will soon get his

soul mate. Besides Sawer waterfall, there were

Citamiang waterfalls and Bombang waterfalls.

Local wisdom found in Malasari village were

“Sidekah Bumi” (Figure 6) and “Seren Taun”

(Figure 7). According to Sukmayadi (2016), local

wisdom comes from two words, wisdom, and local.

In general, local wisdom can be understood as local

ideas that were wise, full of wisdom, good value,

embedded and followed by members of the

community.

Figure 5: Sawer Waterfall.

Local wisdom was the wisdom or original

knowledge of a society that comes from the noble

values of cultural traditions to regulate the order of

society. Local wisdom can also be defined as local

cultural values that can be used to regulate the order

of community life wisely. The traditional forest

buffer community "Kasepuhan" recognizes their role

as part of the social environment and knows how to

adjust to each culture involved in social relations.

Starting from the philosophy of life contained in a

belief that considers that "Mother Earth, Father of

Heaven" which means was the integrity of the earth

along with all its contents must be carefully guarded,

because if there was one element that was damaged

will result in damage to the balance of the ecosystem

region process (Rusmana, 2017).

Kesepuhan of Malasari Abah Odon (Saepudin)

has the slogan “Nyoreang Alam Katukang nyawang

mangsa anu bakal datang”, which means seeing

what has happened, going through the future.

Figure 6: Shows the Situation of the Seren Taun

Celebration.

Figure 7: The ceremony of Seren Taun by Abah Udin

(Solehudin).

“Sidekah Bumi” was a Thanksgiving activity for

Hyang Widi to plant rice to avoid pests and produce

a satisfying harvest. Management was carried out by

the community, with leuweung stratification

(leuweung deposited, closed, & arable), Seren Taun

was done with gratitude for the harvest that was free

from zakat which was then put into "LEUIT" to be

stored which will become food reserves (every the

family was obliged to give up rice for one adult. The

implementation of seren taun activities was held in

the third week of Muharam

“Seren Taun” and “Sidekah Bumi” ceremonial

activities in Malasari village can be made into an

annual program to bring tourists. These activities

can cooperation with the local government and

national parks. This was according to Maulany, Putri

and Achmad (2018) that there needs to be

cooperation with government, community, and

visitor to make succeed in tourism activities. This

activity can be one of Malasari's village incomes so

they didn't damage the forest.

The existence of culture in Malasari Village can

support the village to become a tourist village

because tourists can spend time in the community to

saw cultural celebrations like Seren Taun and

Sidekah Bumi. This was according to Putri,

Dewanti, and Muntaha (2017) which states that

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cultural factors can support a village to become a

tourist village.

There was palm sugar production beside “Seren

Taun and Sidekah Bumi”, (Figure 8). Palm sugar

was forest product that can be used. Production

palm sugar, starting from taking “nira" until the

process of making sugar can be used as educational

tours. This was a traditional way of making palm

sugar. Tourist can be brought the souvenir from the

production of palm sugar (Figure 9) so that it can

become income for the community and community

still protected forest. Tourist can interact directly

with the community about how to make palm sugar,

this was in accordance with Hidayat, Abdilah, and

Hakim (2018) research about making coffee tours.



Figure 8: Process Making Palm Sugar.

Figure 9: Souvenir from Palm Sugar.

Table 4: Results of an Assessment of the Attractiveness

Component in the Malasari Village area (Value weight 6).

Element /

Sub

Element

Amou

Description

value

weight

Score

Total

Score

The

uniqueness

of natural

resources

5 Flora,

Fauna,

Cultural,

Waterfall,

Historical

Place

6 30 180

2 The number

of natural

resources

that stand

out

3 Natural

beauty,

culture,

waterfall

6 20 120

3 Natural

tourism

activities

that can be

done

5 Enjoy

natural

beauty,

picnic,

natural

education

, research,

camping

6 30 180

4 Cleanliness

of tourist

sites

4 Crowded

street,

Settlemen

garbage,

vandalis

6 25 150

5 Comfort 4 Clean and

fresh air,

Free from

noise, No

annoying

traffic,

Good

service

for visitor

6 25 150

Attractiveness score 130 780

3.2 Accessibility

Accessibility was a factor that makes it easier for

visitors to travel from the place of residence to the

location of the tourist attraction that will be visited.

Accessibility addresses the distance, road conditions,

and travel time from the city center. The time to

Malasari Village, 2 hours 45 minutes from the city

of Bogor by motorcycle. To go to Malasari Village,

usually, use public transportation because there was

no other mode of transportation to reach the village.

Travel time using public transport was certainly

longer than using your own private vehicle. The

travel time to Malasari Village about 2-3 hours from

downtown. Bogor was also one of the factors which

were an obstacle because visitors consider the travel

time to be too long.

The total value of the accessibility component

was 275 (Table 5) with a total feasibility index of

61.11% (Table 6) based on the feasibility index

including not yet feasible to develop due to poor

road conditions that require attention from

government to make Malasari village a tourist

village. According to Sukmayadi (2016), Zen,

Sadjati, and Ikhwan (2018)

accessibilities were an

important factor and the key to the success of

developing a tourism village. If an

accessibility

was not supported these attractions were very

difficult to become a tourism industry. Tourism

activities depend a lot on transportation and

communication due to distance and time factors that

greatly affect one's desire to take a tour.

Identiﬁcation of Potential and Readiness of Malasari to Become Tourism Village in Mount Halimun Salak

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Table 5: Results of the Assessment of Accessibility

Components towards the Malasari Village Tourism Area

(Value weight 5).

lement/

Sub-element

escription

Value

Weight

Score

1 Street

Condition

Bad 5 15

istance From

Cit

55-75 Km 5 15

Travel time

from the city

2-3 Jam 5 25

Accessibility score

3.3 Supporting Facilities and

Infrastructure

The role of supporting facilities and infrastructure

was to facilitate visitors in enjoying the potential and

attraction of nature tourism. Facilities were one of

the supporting factors that facilitate visitors in

enjoying tourism directly (Figure 10). The

accommodation was everything that was provided to

meet one's needs when traveling. such as staying,

eating, drinking, bathing and so on (Susdianti,

Hasibuan, and Ariyani, 2017). The meaning of

tourism facilities was a company that provides

services to tourists both directly and indirectly.

Tourism infrastructure was "all facilities that allow

tourism facilities to live and thrive and can provide

services to tourists to meet their diverse needs ".

The total value of facilities and infrastructure is

240 (Table 6) with an 80.00% feasibility index

(Table 7) so that it was feasible to develop.

Supporting facilities in the Malasari village such as

homestay, “puskesmas”, shops, electricity and water

facilities making it easier for tourists to visit

Malasari. In this case, homestay in Malasari was a

residential house, so the homestay must be clean to

make tourists feel comfortable to travel in the village

of Malasari. With the facilities provided by the

community to tourists so that it can be an alternative

income for the community. This is According to

Pujianti,Normelani, and Aristin (2017), Gustin and

Koswara (2018) and Paulangan (2018). Based on

the results of the Vitasurya (2016) research, “the

income of the Pentingsari villagers increased”.

“With the tourism village, all people have their

respective roles, namely homestays (83%), tour

guides (25.5%), art event guides (12.8%), food

industry (17%), handicraft industries (6, 4%),

Table 6: Total value of facilities and infrastructure

Element/

Sub element

Amount Description Wight

Infrastructure

Facilities

Souvenir

Shop and

Informatio

n Center

120

Supporting

Infrastructure

nking

Water

Network,

Electrical

network,

Puskesmas

120

Supporting Facilities and Infrastructure Score

240

catering (16.1%)”. “The most dominant form of

community participation can be seen in the form of

homestay tourist attractions. Villagers voluntarily

carry out various forms of development to improve

the quality of homestay services in Pentingsari

village”.

Figure 10: Homestay at Malasari.



The results of the assessment that has been carried

out on the potential of Malasari Village can be seen

that the location was very likely to be used as one of

the natural tourist destination with a value index of

75.92% (Table 7), because it provides good

feasibility values tobe developed from the criteria

that have been assessed namely attractiveness,

accessibility and also supporting facilities and

infrastructure for tourist areas. If the value level >

66.6% was feasible to be developed.

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3.4 Identify Readiness of the Malasari

Community to Become a Tourist

Village

The Method used to saw the readiness of Malasari

village was PRA. The application of Participatory

Rural Appraisal (PRA) method was one of the

strategies to empower the community (Figure 11).

Results from PRA that the community really hopes

some training regarding the development of a

tourism village.

Table 7: Results of Assessment of the Supporting

Facilities and Infrastructure Components in the Tourist

area of Malasari Village.

No Criteria

Weigh

Total

Scor

Score

Max

Index

(%)

Informatio

1 Attractivene

6 130 780 900 86,

Feasib

ility

2 Accessibility 5 55 275 450 61,

Not

feasibi

lity

3 Supporting

Facilities

and

Infrastructur

3 80 240 300 80,

Feasib

ility

Feasibility Score

75,9

The challenges faced were as follows, village

officials or village institutions that may not work in

accordance with their roles and functions, lack of

human resources, lack of funds and no support from

any party to plan tourism village development

activities. The response from the Malasari village

community was satisfactory, they were excited and

they were ready to contribute an active role in order

to develop the tourism village (Table 8).

The Malasari community must play an active

role in the development of the village because it will

open employment and business opportunities. If the

community did not play an active role then the

development of tourism villages will run slowly.

The active role of the community will have an

impact on increasing people's income so that the

community continues to conserve the forest in the

Halimun Salak National Park. This is in accordance

with research Widodo, Soekmadi & Arifin (2018)



Figure 11: Activities of Participatory Rural Appraisal in

Malasari.

Table 8: Result Participatory Rural Appraisal

Rated

Aspect

Community

Condition

Information From

PRA Result

1. Economic Weak

Society in

term of

capital

Making proposals

for funds and funds

that have been

given by the

Government

should be used in

accordance with

their needs and

there must be

transparency of

funds

2. Socio-

Cultural

-Weak

village

instruments

and

institutions



- Lack of

support in

activities

and

communitie

s still feel

less

confident to

be involved

in planning

tourism

village

developme

nt activities



●

The village

institution must

function better and

play a role in

accordance with its

objectives



●

The community

was given training

so that they will

understand and be

involved in the

planned activities

for developing

village tourism



3. Manageme

The

community

is still less

involved by

village

officials

Malasari Village

community

4. Expected

Manageme

Activities

carried out

sometimes

through

certain

individuals

The activities

carried out must be

through

collaboration

between

communities rather

than individuals

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4 CONCLUSION

The potentials of Malasari village were Sawer

Waterfall, Citamiang Waterfall, Bombing Waterfall,

Making terracing 1001 undak, and Seren Taun

Culture in the Malasari Kesepuhan. The assessment

of ODTWA was Attractiveness 86,66 %,

Accessibility 61,11%, Supporting Facilities and

Infrastructure 80,00%, and Feasibility Score 75.92%

so it is feasible to be developed into tourism

villages.

The community will be ready to play an active

role in developing their village to become one of the

community-based tourism villages. This contribution

from both the community and local government

would be useful for preserving the environment and

increasing the economic income of the Malasari

Village.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Acknowledgments to Mount Halimun Salak

National Park (TNGHS) has facilitated the authors

in this study.

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