The Contribution of Media in Disseminating Religious Intolerance in

West Java

Deni Miharja

, Sahya Anggara

and Muhlas

aculty of Ushuluddin, UIN Sunan Gunun

Djati Bandung, Jalan A H Nasution 105 Bandun

, Indonesia

Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati, Bandung, Indonesia

Keywords: Media; Online, Intolerance, Religious, West Java.

Abstract: A research conducted by SETARA Institute reported that West Java is considered to be one of the provinces

with the highest level of religious intolerance. These religious intolerances include interference to places of

worship in various forms: assault, sealing, rejection, destruction of houses of worship, and the prohibition of

the construction of houses of worship, the prohibition of worship activities, and others. The intolerance acts

were recorded in news published in various online media so that the information immediately spread and

read by the public. This research aims to determine the contribution of online media in conveying the news

of religious intolerance that occurred in West Java in 2017. This study used content analysis to analyze

some news delivered in online media in disseminating religious intolerance that occurred in West Java in

2017 in Kompas Com. and Tribun News. The result of this study shows that online media specifically in

Kompas Com. and Tribun News contributed to disseminating news content of religious intolerance in West

Java during 2017. This contribution shows in the form of reports of incidents of attacks, sealing, rejection,

destruction of houses of worship, restrictions on the construction of houses of worship, and the prohibition

of worship activities.

1 INTRODUCTION

Indonesia is a plural country with various cultures,

ethnic, and religions. Indonesia contains cultural,

ethnic, and religious diversity but unified as the

State of the Republic of Indonesia with the slogan of

the unity in diversity (Bhinneka Tunggal Ika)

(Casram, 2016; Miharja, 2016).

There are several types of diversity of

Indonesian society namely: (1) Indonesia is the

Muslim majority country in the world; however, (2)

Indonesia recognizes six religion and protect their

adherents; (3) Indonesia contains many different

ethnic groups; (4) Indonesia consist of thousands

island that called archipelago.

In reality, there are several conflicts occurred

related to ethnic and even religious differences.

Indonesia is also seen as more and more adapts to

curving freedom of expression include in term of

religious freedom. Hamayotsu reports that this is

related also to the representation of more

conservative and radical Islamic elements in

governmental representatives (Hamayotsu, 2013). In

the last five years, based on data released by the

Wahid Foundation the practice of Freedom of

Religion and Belief (KBB) in West Java is fairly

poor. In line with Wahid Foundation, SETARA

Institute reported that most of the abuses occurred in

Jakarta and on the outskirts of Jakarta such as

Bekasi, Tangerang, Depok, and Bogor, and other

areas of West Java.

The most serious social tensions and violations

of freedom of religion/belief are primarily related to

places of worship of minority religious groups,

criminalization of Ahmadiyya congregations, hate

speeches, including statements or sayings of

government officials / public figures that incite

(condoning), all of which are classified in the

category of intolerances.

Reports from Wahid Institute that examine

religious harmony from year to year until 2011

showed thatmore intolerance occurred in recent

years than in previous years.These intolerance

behaviors occurred in the name of religious violence

such as against Ahmadiyyahmember. The Wahid

Institute also reported that West Java is the province

with the highest rates of violations from year to

year(The Wahid Institute, 2011). Nowadays, these

1888

Miharja, D., Anggara, S. and Muhlas, .

The Contribution of Media in Disseminating Religious Intolerance in West Java.

DOI: 10.5220/0009936918881895

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Recent Innovations (ICRI 2018), pages 1888-1895

ISBN: 978-989-758-458-9

religious intolerances that occur in some areas of

West Java are easily accessible and well known due

to electronic media news presentation. Derived from

theses news are several comments from the

community related to that events as they were spread

quickly.

According to Antony Mayfield(Mayfield, 2008),

social media is a medium that users can easily

participate and create various roles especially related

to blogs, social networks, wikis / online

encyclopedias, virtual forums, including virtual

worlds (with avatars / 3D characters)(McQuail,

1987).

The presence of social media has made easier

access to various public spaces than before. There is

no more barriers and limitations in obtaining any

news occurs ineveryday life (Eriyanto, 2001;

Ghifari, 2017). Thus,social media has an important

contribution in disseminating news content including

the news related to religious intolerance. People can

read the e news version of immediate events

occurred everywhere and at anytime(Furqon and

Busro, 2017).

Several publishing and media companies that

specialized in reporting news transform their news

presentation by accommodating technology. They

provide the presentation of their news not only in

printing but also in electronic version. This paper

aims to uncover and determine the contribution of

online media in conveying the news of religious

intolerance which occurred in West Java through

Kompas.Com and Tribune News in 2017.

2 METHOD

The method used in this study is qualitative with

content analysis to analyze a variety of news related

to religious intolerance that occurred in West Java

published by Kompas.com and Tribun News

throughout 2017.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

It is important to firstly discus the meaning of

tolerance. Tolerance originated from Latin,

tolerantia, meansendure, forbearance or

patience[Hornby AS, Oxford Advanced Learner`s

Dictionary (Oxford: University Printing House,

1995), 67]. Generally, tolerance refers to willingness

to accept with open minded. According to

UNESCO, tolerance meansrespect, acceptance and

appreciation of the rich diversity of any world's

cultures, forms of expression and ways of being

human. It is fostered by knowledge, openness,

communication, and freedom of thought, conscience

and belief.(Michael Walzer, On Tolerantion Castle

Lectures in Rtchics, Politics, and Economics (New

York: Yale University Press, 1997), 56.

In the case of religious intolerance means any

conduct that one religious group having prejudices

to other religious groups in term of practices,

adherents and believes. Intolerance is an attitude of

disrespect to the belief system of other religion.

(Wikipedia, Ensiklodeia Bebas).

Previous studies by Georgene Suryani’s reported

the objectivity of media coverage specifically in

VOA-Islam.com related to the rejection of Ahok

(previous governor of Jakarta) during the period

September-October 2014. This study shows that the

content of VOA-Islam.com is dominated by

psychological inclusion facts (72.9%). This study

also provides complete and clear incident with

qualified and valued sources of information

(Suryani, 2015; Rumata, 2016).

Furthermore, Jordie Yonatan Susilo wrote a

Thesis on "The Objection of Online Media

Reporting Republika and SuaraPembaruan on

Mosque Burning Issues in Tolikara, Papua: A

Quantitative Content Analysis". The conclusion

states that in general, the online media Republika

and SuaraPembaruan have not met the objectivity

category in disseminatingnews about the burning of

the Mosque in Tolikara, Papua. Both online media

are contradicted to each other in providing the news.

But both online media is trying to be objective. This

can be seen from the suitability of the title and the

content of the news, clear attribution, the inclusion

of the time of the occurrence of the event, and news

created containing news value(Susilo, 2016).

FeryRohmadi, et al., also wrote about, "Framing

Analysis of Cases of Alleged Blasphemy of Basuki

Tjahaja Purnama in Kompas Online Media.Com and

Hidayatullah.com." He reported that kompas.com

framed the case of alleged blasphemy against the

non-active Governor Basuki Tjahaja Purnamathat he

is innocent in that case and concluded that he is in

fact a tolerant person. The news also reported the

background of Ahok who were hosted in Muslim

family and he has learnt about diversity.

Kompas.com explains the news using syntactic,

script, thematic, and rhetorical structure to build

public opinion. Kompas.com also provided

arguments by displaying support of their opinion

from experts who argue that Ahok’s speech is not

contain of defamation(Rohmadi and Siswanta, 2017).

The Contribution of Media in Disseminating Religious Intolerance in West Java

1889

On the contrary, the report presented in

Hidayatullah.com framed that the case of Basuki

Tjahaja Purnama is the act of blasphemy and

therefore should be sentenced. The analysis for this

news is using syntactic, script, thematic, and

rhetorical structure. In hidayatullah.com the news

fill with argument related to the interpretation of

surah Al-Maidah verse 51. The verse according to

this report has been used to deceive people and to

disgrace Islam. Hidayatullah.com framed the issue

mentioning that Ahok is a person who humiliated

Islamic religion and thus he is intolerant.

Many intolerance incidents have been reported

occurred in several places in West Java, Indonesia.

Wahid Institute conducted a research related to

religious tolerance and reported that the act of

intolerance increased every year simultaneously.

This intolerance mostly related to religious

intolerance against Ahmadiyah and West java was

reported the highest province to have this intolerance

behavior toward other minority religious groups.

This intolerance behavior among West java society

occurred every year(The Wahid Institute, 2011).

Several intolerance incident happened in

Bandung. For example in 2011the incident in Buni

Jaya, GunungHalu district, as reported by

CRCS(Center for Religious and Cross Cultural

Studies, UGM), the Muslim community dismantled

the grave of deceased Ahmadiyah adherent. Before

the funeral took place the day before, the community

do the protest to reject Ahmadiyah adherent to have

the body being buried in their village(Center for

Religious & Cross-Cultural Studies, 2011).Other

incident took place in Perum Parahyangan Kencana,

Desa Nagrak, Kecamatan Cangkuang, Bandung

where the fundamental Islamic group protested

against the members of Kelompok Amanah

Keagungan Illahi (AKI) in 2009. They accused AKI

as tarnished Islamic doctrine and troubling for the

community. This incident is mediated by the local

Indonesian Ulama Council by signing an agreement

between the parties mentioning that AKI will not

continue their activities that could trigger further

conflict among the community. In the same year,

intolerance behavior occurred in Ciparay, Bandung

where the adherents of Aa Cucu the leader of a sect

were reported to the police for having unusual

activities and rituals that disturb the

community(Center for Religious & Cross-Cultural

Studies, 2009).

In 2010 intolerance took place in Bandung as

well related to the sealing of GKI church by the

Government. The government received a report from

Islamic defend Front (FPI), Muslim Forum (FUI)

and Garis (Islamic Reformist movement). These

organizations objected to GKI Kemah Injil

Indonesia because they use regular house to perform

their religious rituals. In addition, the sealing also

occurred to the church of HKBP Betania, GKII

Jemaat Filadelfia, Gereja Pantekosta Jemaat

Immanuel, gereja DPdl, gereja Pantekosta

Tebernakel Jemaat Maranatha, and Gereja Katolik

Stasi Rancaekek, Paroki Santa Odillia Cicadas. Most

of the incident related to misuse of personal resident

to be a place to perform religious ritual that invited

many people(Center for Religous & Cross-Cultural

Studies, 2010).

The study related to disharmony that occurred in

Bandung, West Java showed that the factors leading

to disharmony are various and not necessarily

religious alone. Other factors contribute to

intolerance behavior are: different interest in

politics, different of economic and legal access as

well as social problems(Center for Religous &

Cross-Cultural Studies, 2010).Many cases related to

the sealing of the church as stated above are related

to the difficulty in gaining permit from the

government on the establishment of the church. As a

result, there are many churches that have not have a

permission document not only because of the

document preparation but also because too many

intimidation from the community who most of them

are Muslim and they are rejected to the

establishment of the church around them. In fact,

daily social interaction as a member of the

community are going well, however, it is a third

party interest who usually provoke the community to

reject the development of the church(Center for

Religous & Cross-Cultural Studies, 2010).

Apart from Bandung, Bekasi is also a place

where religious intolerance behavior found in

several cases targeted the religious minority groups.

Bekasi is located in the outskirt of Jakarta as an

urban community and heterogenic people who come

from different areas of Indonesia. Different ethnics,

religions and characters of individuals resulted in

disharmony among the community and could trigger

conflict(Ahnaf et al., 2015).

Several incidents that occurred related to

religious violent in the case of Huria Kristen Batak

Protestan (HKBP) Filadelfia adherents and

Ahmadiyah followers. Violent behavior in the name

of religious intolerance in the case of

HKBPFiladelfia was the sealing and preventing

them from accessing their church. In the case of

Ahmadiyah followers, they were attack physically

and also sealing of the mosque they usually used for

religious activity. Intimidation was also often

ICRI 2018 - International Conference Recent Innovation

1890

directed to the religious minority in their daily

life(Ahnaf et al., 2015).Lodging the document for

licensing of the place of worship is among many

cases found in Bekasi.

Besides, intolerance behavior also directed to the

groups considered by the community as astray to the

main believe system. In Indonesia there are six

religion recognized by the government, namely:

Islam, Protestant, Catholic, Buddha, Hindu and

Konghucu. Any religious group other than those six

categories is considered astray. Bekasi is the region

that people comes from many different religious

groups as it is usually can be seen from blank

identity related to religion.

Based on the report from Department of

demographic in Bekasi stated that many identity

cards remain blank in the column of religion. Almost

1.609 people unsure about filling their religious

affiliation as many of them belong tounregistered

religious groups. Most of them reside in the village

of Jatiranggon and Kranggan of Jatisampurta district

of Bekasi. Alexander Zulkarnain as the head of the

department stated that “these people are not belong

to any registered religion in Indonesia, therefore,

they leave their column for religion blank in their

identity cards (KTP)” (16/5/2016). Alex further

explained that based on the national regulation

number 23/2006 related to demographic

administration stated that for those who belong to

the belief system other than registered religion in

Indonesia, they should put the cilumn blank.

Meanwhile, their data were restored only in

databases not in the ID card.

Alex emphasized that regardless of differences

related to religious affiliation, the government never

differentiate in terms of service as they are all citizen

of Indonesia. The government try to give the best

service and facilitate the citizens to get their rights

and in this context to have citizens Identity cards.

The head of National Unity and Politics of

Bekasi, MomonSulaiman) stated that these people

who chose to have their religion blank in their ID

card means that they belongs to one of religious

groups that unrecognized by the government. Thus,

it is their choice and they did not want to change

their religious affiliation to any religion that

admitted by the government.

Momon further explained that this kind of belief

system are found in any regions in Indonesia as it is

the belief system that adhered by the ancestor of

Indonesian. Thus, it can still be found until today as

it is transferred from generation to generation. This

generation preserved what their ancestor have in

term of rituals and doctrines. Some of them even



on" }(Ahnaf et al., 2015) .Lodging the

widely to the society.

Other issues related to religious disharmony is

the case of the permission of the development of the

house of worship for the Christian of Santa Klara

Bekasi. Forum of religious Harmony of Bekasi

(FKUB) through its head Abdul Manan stated that it

is already decided in accordance with the

recommendation as lodged by the head of the district

of Bekasi. He mentioned further that as a citizen, it

is normal that the protest to annul this permit of the

church development. He explained that the permit

for the development of Santa Carla Church is

already followed all the regulation needed and

recommended to be approved. This process of

submission for the Church development is also

reviewed for the second time and verified until it is

given a decision to be accepted. In the plenary

meeting of 17 members of FKUB, Bekasi mostly

agreed to accept the permit document.

At this plenary meeting of the members of

FKUB, out of 17 members, 12 of them are Muslim

and they were agreed to give permission on the

development of Santa Carla Church. The permit

process is actually has been lodged by the adherents

since 2014 and they received the permission in 2015

where the protest blast.

Based on the joint regulation between the

ministry of Religious Affairs and the Ministry of

Home Affairs no. 9 and Nomor 8 year 2006 about

the establishment of house of worship, the church of

Santa Carla has followed all the requirements stated

in the regulation. Based on their report, there are 172

members of Santa Clara adherents that live in the

village ofHarapanbaru, district of North Bekasi.

Thus, the regulation that stated to establish the house

of worship it need at least 90 members of the

adherents should live nearby and they has exceeded

the requirements. Other requirement is that it should

have at least 60 consent signatures of the residents

around the proposed building. Even more, the

church of Santa Carla has proven has all the

signatures of consent together with copy of their ID

card and verified by the local government officers.

These documents are verified by the FKUB

before lodged it to the head of Bekasi district. The

head of FKUB Bekasi stated that this document is

also studied by FKUB members intensively before

giving recommendation to be approved. Thus, it is

based on formal procedures and no bribes or

manipulation the data in the process.Verification of

data in the field was also monitored so there was no

forced in the process of consenting to the building of

the church.

The Contribution of Media in Disseminating Religious Intolerance in West Java

1891

Besides, the Ministry of Religious Affairs also

added that they department has given the permit to

the church of Santa Carla to be built and give

recommendation to the government of Bekasi to

issue the permit for the establishment of the church.

Thus, there is nothing wrong in the issue of

permission to build Santa Carla church and in reality

no need to be protested when that happened.

All the procedures have been followed by the

church of Santa Carla from the very beginning as

required. Every step is passed in accordance with all

the requirements. Thus whenever there is a protest to

annul the establishment of the church it is

unrecognized and difficult to accept. The force to

annulment of the permission to the church came

from outsiders who provoke the community to reject

it. It needs open mindfulness from all the member of

the community to respect all the adherents of

religious groups for harmony and be aware of ant

propaganda or provocative messages to act violet

against other religion.

Whenever there is a protest to annul the permit

letter, the governmental office of Bekasi is ready to

be questioned or ready to the court because there is

nothing wrong in the process. Thus, the mayor

of Bekasi still hold to the decision of giving

permission to the establishment of church until

further notice if any.

Other story of intolerance came from

Tasikmalaya, West Java where conflict of

Ahmadiyyah with other Muslim community arose.

The conflict related to Ahmadiyyah is the most cases

happened in many areas in West Java. Ahmadiyyah

is considered a sect that humiliates the true doctrine

of Islam as their ritual and belief system is differ

significantly from that of Muslim. Many

Ahmadiyyah members experienced intimidation and

even violent from other religious groups. The

conflict aroused since 2000 and gain intense conflict

recently.

Religious intolerance became attention of all

elementsfrom organization, individual as well as

institution. Many researchhave been conducted to

analyze these intolerance behavior among religious

adherents and the background behind it. For

example research by PPIM (Center for the study of

Islam and Society) UIN Jakarta reported that more

than half (about 67%) of Indonesian is intolerant.

The report further mentioned that the reason for their

intolerant behavior is discontented to live with

people who have different social, political and

religious affiliation. Besides, the research also

showed that about 29% stated that they trust each

other in their community, but 86% mentioned that

they should be aware and do not give trust to the

people surround them(Kusumah, 2016).

It is ironic to see that West Java people are

intolerant for Sundanese is famous with solidarity

and religious and respect ancestors’ cultural

values.Sundanese people bond together by the

traditional saying silihasah, silihasih and silihasuh

meaning that Sundanese should take care of each

other. The philosophies of lives among Sundanese

are to live in harmony. Sundanese proverb says

“herangcaina, beunanglaukna” which means that we

should solve the problem without taking a risk of

having another problem through win win solution.

Sundanese people respect for one another

following the proverb: “UlahUnggutKalinduan,

UlahgedagKaanginan”; This proverb means to be

consistent to do good deeds and synchronize it with

the hearth and saying and rationality. Other proverb

also mentions “Sing KatepikuAti Sing Kahontalku

Akal”, meaning think first before act otherwise you

will regret for what you do.

These traditional

sayings are very useful to maintain harmony among

community members. However, it seems that these

proverbs no longer being internalized in many

Sundanese people. Perhaps, many of them even no

longer know with all of these ancestors’

philosophical messages as it can beseen from the

report of high intolerant incident in West Java

This research investigates the role of Media in

spreading Religious Intolerance in West Java

through their news content specificlyally in Kompas.

Com and Tribun News during the period of 2017.

Data gathered from analyzing the news content in

both media related to several incidents such as:

attacks, sealing, rejection of the worship houses, and

the prohibition of the construction of houses of

worship, and the banned activity of worship. Details

explanation showed in table below:

No Media Date News

Tittle

Event

1 Kompas

Com

March

11,

2017

Prohibitio

n of

Worshipin

Chronolog

y at 3

Churches

in Parung

Panjang

GKI Yasmin

congregation

and HKBP

Filadelfiacann

ot worship in

their church

because they

are rejected by

the

community

BukuProfil Selayang Pandang Jawa Barat

ICRI 2018 - International Conference Recent Innovation

1892

2 Kompas

Com

March

24,

2017

Establish

ment of

the

Church

Rallies

Held

chaotic

Rejection

The protest

against the

establishment

of Santa Clara

church in

Bekasi was

chaotic

3 Kompas

Com

March

24,

2017

Mayor of

Bekasi

Asks

Rejection

of Church

Establish

ment Files

Lawsuit

Bekasi Mayor,

Rahmat

Effendi

opened the

opportunity

for the parties

objected to the

issuance of the

license for the

establishment

of the Catholic

Church of

Santa Clara to

take a claim to

court.

4 Kompas

Com

March

16,

2017

Mayor of

Bekasi:

Better

shoot my

head

rather

than pull

the IMB

Church

The Mayor of

Bekasi

affirmed his

commitment

to ensuring all

citizens of

Bekasi get the

rights of

Religious

Freedom and

Belief

5 Kompas

Com

June

2017

Ahmadiyy

Questioni

ng Reason

of Depok

Governme

Prohibits

activity at

House of

Jemaah

JAI

questioned the

attitude of

Depok

Government

which

prohibited the

activities held

at the home of

an Ahmadiyya

congregation

in Depok

6 Kompas

Com

June

2017

Depok

City

Governme

nt re-seal

Ahmadiyy

a Mosque

Depok City

Government

sealed Al-

Hidayah

Mosque which

is located on

Jl. Moehtar,

Sawangan

Depok. The

sealing of the

Ahmadiyya

mosque was

known for the

seventh time

in 2011-2017

7 Kompas

Com

April

25,

2017

Komnas

HAM:

Depok

Governme

nt did not

ignore

Komnas HAM

confirmed that

it has sent a

reprimand to

the Mayor of

Depok related

to the sealing

Strike

Sealing

Ahmadiyy

a Mosque

case of Al-

Hidayah

Mosque

8 Tribun

News

May

21,

2017

Hundreds

of People

Protest

The

Presence

of Three

Churches

in Bogor

Hundreds of

people on

behalf of

Muslim

Parungpanjang

protest against

the existence

of three

churches in

GriyaParungp

anjang

Housing,

Bogor, West

Java

9 Tribun

News

June

2017

Ahmadiyy

a Mosque

Sealed by

Depok

City

Governme

nt,

Minister

Religious

Affairs:

Please See

Contents

of LC 3

Ministers

Minister of

Religious

Affairs,

Lukman

Hakim

Saifudin asked

all parties to

re-refer to the

Joint Decree

(SKB)

Minister of

Religious

Affairs,

Minister of

Home Affairs,

and the

Attorney

General in

view sealing

event Al-

Hidayah

Mosque in

Sawangan,

Depok.

10 Tribun

News

June

20,

2017

Replace-

Load the

seal of

Ahmadiyy

a Mosque

Depok

Ahmadiyya

mosque in

Depok, West

Java, re-sealed

for the eighth

time during

the year 2012

until now.

Basic sealing

was not based

on law, but

only fatwa

Indonesian

Ulema

Council

(MUI), which

calls

misguided.

11 Tribun

News

June

2017

Ahmadiyy

a Mosque

Sawangan

, Depok,

Back

Sealed

The mosque,

founded by

Ahmadiyya

Jamaat in

Sawangan

Depok, West

Java, was

again sealed

The Contribution of Media in Disseminating Religious Intolerance in West Java

1893

by Depok City

Government,

assisted by

Metro Depok

Police

Department.

12 TribunN

ews

Augus

t 3,

2017

Wow!

West Java

is the

Province

With the

Case of

Highest

Intoleranc

e in

Indonesia

West Java

seems to get a

red light in the

case of

intolerance in

Indonesia.

Because of the

various

provinces in

Indonesia,

West Java

topped the list

13 Tribun

News

March

24,

2017

Demo

Reject

Establish

ment

Places of

Worship

in Bekasi

Tightenin

g Clash,

Three

People

Injured

As many as

two out of

three victims

of the chaos

demonstration

establishment

of places of

worship in

Bekasi, West

Java, had to

undergo

treatment at

the

Emergency

Room (ER) of

the hospital.

14 Tribun

News

March

25,

2017

This is the

Reason of

the Mayor

of Bekasi

to Defend

the

Church of

Santa

Clara

Mayor of

Bekasi,

Rahmat

Effendi

affirmed his

commitment

to ensuring all

citizens of

Bekasi get the

right to

freedom of

religion and

belief.

The analysis related to the reporting of religious

intolerance as reported by Kompas.Com above can

be classified as follows: first, the event of a sealing

nature, the prohibition reported during the year 2017

has a clear object of the Ahmadiyya congregation

and Jemaah Gereja. Second, the obvious headline

proclaimed it happened, when it happened and

contains elements of religious intolerance which

afflict Ahmadis and Christians, as well as Catholic.

Third, the news delivered contains the element of

news value.

Furthermore, the news submitted by Tribun

News has similarities to that reported by Kompas

Com. However, the Tribun News revealed the news

of religious more natural than that of kompas.com.

Tribun News reported these events as natural as

possible without provocative aim. Tribun also

provided the real time event clearly, and the content

of the news has a news value element.

Both media are disseminating religious

intolerance with a distinctive style of news that

characterizes each of its mediums. Then, both are

very responsive media related incidents or events

that appear in the society, especially related to the

problem of religious intolerance which occurred in

West Java, so that every event immediately reported.

Through media language, the head news in these

media could be provoking to attract the readers. This

actually for better or worse give significant influence

in directing the readers to intolerant behaviour. Both

of these media are widely read in the community and

give significant influence to the opinion of

community related to the issues discussed above.

Thus, counter narrative of such issues related to

intolerant incidents reported in these news media

online should also display to educate people

concerning respect to religious members other than

themselves.

4 CONCLUSIONS

The presentation of the media above related to

intolerant behaviour among people of West Java is

ironic. This reflected that Sundanese people no

longer hold of the traditional proverb of taking care

each other and should maintain harmony in live. The

report above showed the intolerant behaviour related

mostly about religious objection of other religion to

live and perform ritual among their neighborhood.

As many report stated that the intolerant activities

mostly related to sealing the house of worship

among minority.

Thus, it is very reasonable if various agencies

present the results of research and studies related to

the life of religion and belief, which states that the

West Java province still ranks first in the issue of

religious intolerance affecting religious minorities.

This is in line with the news delivered by the two

online media, Kompas.Com and Tribun News,

which convey news related to sealing, banning,

rejecting houses of worship establishment that are

still happening in some areas in West Java

throughout 2017. It is suggested that more news

should be directed as counter narrative of religious

intolerance in media

ICRI 2018 - International Conference Recent Innovation

1894

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We would like to direct our gratitude to the Research

and Publication Center of UIN SunanGunungDjati

Bandung Indonesia for supporting publication of our

research.

REFERENCES

Ahnaf, M. I. et al. (2015) Politik Lokal dan Konflik

Keagamaan: Pilkada dan Struktur Kesempatan Politik

dalam Konflik Keagamaan di Sampang, Bekasi, dan

Kupang. Yogyakarta: Center for Religious and Cross-

cultural Studies dan Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas

Gadjah Mada.

Casram, C. (2016) ‘Membangun Sikap Toleransi

Beragama dalam Masyarakat Plural’, Wawasan:

Jurnal Ilmiah Agama dan Sosial Budaya, 1(2), pp.

187–198. doi: 10.15575/jw.v1i2.588.

Center for Religious & Cross-Cultural Studies (2009)

Laporan Tahunan Kehidupan Beragama di Indonesia

2009. Yogyakarta: Center for Religious & Cross-

Cultural Studies.

Center for Religious & Cross-Cultural Studies (2011)

Laporan Tahunan Kehidupan Beragama di Indonesia

Tahun 2011. Yogyakarta: CRCS dan Universitas

Gadjah Mada.

Center for Religous & Cross-Cultural Studies (2010)

Laporan Tahunan Kehidupan Beragama tahun 2010.

Yogyakarta: Center for Religous & Cross-Cultural

Studies.

Eriyanto (2001) Analisis Wacana: Pengantar Analisis

Teks Media. Yogyakarta: LKiS.

Furqon, S. and Busro, B. (2017) ‘Mediatisasi Agama

(Pembingkaian Media Kompas.com Terhadap Isu

Pemerkosaan oleh Oknum Pengasuh Pesantren)’, al-

Balagh : Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi, 2(2), pp.

125–145. doi: 10.22515/balagh.v2i2.981.

Ghifari, I. F. (2017) ‘Radikalisme di Internet’, Religious:

Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama dan Lintas Budaya, 1(2),

pp. 123–134. doi: 10.15575/rjsalb.v1i2.1391.

Hamayotsu, K. (2013) ‘The Limits of Civil Society in

Democratic Indonesia: Media Freedom and Religious

Intolerance’, Journal of Contemporary Asia, 43(4), pp.

658–677. doi: 10.1080/00472336.2013.780471.

Kusumah, U. J. (2016) Pancasila Sakti sebagai Basis

Kerukunan dalam Mencegah Konflik Antar Umat

Beragama. Tasikmalaya.

Mayfield, A. (2008) What is Social Media? London:

iCrossing.

McQuail, D. (1987) Mass Communication Theory (Teori

Komunikasi Massa). Jakarta: Erlangga.

Miharja, D. (2016) Peran FKUB dalam Menyelesaikan

Konflik Keagamaan di Jawa Barat. . Bandung: LP2M.

Rohmadi, F. and Siswanta, M. S. W. (2017) ‘Analisis

Framing Pemberitaan Kasus Dugaan Penistaan Agama

Basuki Tjahaja Purnama di Media Online

Kompas.com dan Hidayatullah.com’, Solidaritas:

Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 1(1).

Rumata, V. M. (2016) ‘Objektivitas Berita Pada Media

Dalam Jaringan (Analisis Isi Berita Pemilihan

Gubernur Dki Jakarta Pada Detiknews Selama Masa

Kampanye Periode I)’, Jurnal Penelitian Komunikasi

dan Opini Publik, 20(2), pp. 111–125.

Suryani, G. (2015) Objektivitas pemberitaan media daring

berideologi islam: studi analisis isi pemberitaan VIA-

Islam.com terkait penolakan terhadap Ahok selama

periode September-Oktober 2014. Universitas

Multimedia Nusantara.

Susilo, J. Y. (2016) Objektivitas pemberitaan media online

republika dan suara pembaruan terhadap isu

pembakaran masjid di Tolikara, Papua: Sebuah

analisis isi kuantitatif. Universitas Multimedia

Nusantara.

The Wahid Institute (2011) Lampu Merah Kebebasan

Beragama (Laporan Kebebasan Beragama dan

Toleransi di Indonesia). Jakarta: The Wahid Institute.

The Contribution of Media in Disseminating Religious Intolerance in West Java

1895