European Union’s Muslim Integration Strategy

in Germany 2014-2015

Zhafir Muntashir

and Ahmad Syaifuddin Zuhri

Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: Strategy, the European Union, Germany, the integration of Muslim, immigrant

Abstract: This article analyses the Muslim integration strategy of the European Union (EU) in Germany during 2014-

2015. The focus is on the process of EU efforts on Muslim integration strategy in Germany. Negative

images were attached to Muslim post-terrorist attacks September 11, 2001. Thus, spread from the United

States extended to Europe made Muslim integration became urgent and need to overcome the tension with

Muslim and creating regional security. The EU pursued two aspect: to promote the integration and to fight

against extremism. The Muslim integration strategy was intensively applied after the terrorist attacks and

when the numbers of immigrants hitting the EU in 2014-2015. This article uses theoretical framework of

Neo-Liberal institutions; the economic aspect, the role of institutions, and the concept of integration that is

also behind the EU in the strategy of Muslim integration in Germany. Germany and Muslim play an

important role in the economy, the survival of the institution, and the successful integration of Muslim in the

EU.

1 INTRODUCTION

Muslim have been in Europe since early eight

century by the Arabs conquest in Spain, Sicily, and

Southern Italy. The fourteenth century, Muslim have

been lived in the Balkans after the Ottoman Empire

expansion. Throughout centuries Muslim in those

region have developed continuous interaction the

Christians in Europe. (Amitai & Nachmani, 2007)

In Europe, Muslim were considered as a migrant

community by the European communities. Muslim

integration was implemented properly by Muslim

and the European communities. Muslim were

commanded to get to know each other and keep the

friendship between them. The European

communities also welcomed the attitude of Muslim

living in Europe.

The good relations between Muslim with the

people of Europe then began to experience a tension

when the attack on the World Trade Centre (WTC)

in the United States (US) on September 11, 2001.

Muslim were considered as the cause of such

terrorist acts. The incident attracted worldwide

attention, especially it has changed the perspective

towards Muslim and Islam.

The world communities began to see the

negative views toward Muslim communities since

the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001. As a

result, Muslim become the victims of such negative

views. Muslim getting more attentions, especially in

the countries of United States and European Union

(EU).

These negative views about Muslim created a

justification against Muslim. The world began to

feel the fear of Islam that arose the term

Islamophobia. Islamophobia in the words of John

Esposito, "is becoming social cancer … and is a

threat to the very fabric of our pluralistic democratic

way of life. (Esposito & Kalin, 2011)

The EU tried to promote the integration of

Muslim in Europe. This integration strategy is in line

with efforts to fight against terrorism which is the

social needs of the European communities in

creating peace and harmony between Muslim and

European communities in Europe.

EU’s Muslim integration strategy hopefully will

help to prevent the future terrorist incidents.

Therefore the EU sought to improve the integration

of Muslim aiming to promote Muslim participation

in the European economic, politic and societies.

(Archick K. , Belkin, Blanchard, Ek, & Mix, 2011).

Muntashir, Z. and Zuhri, A.

European Union’s Muslim Integration Strategy in Germany 2014-2015.

DOI: 10.5220/0009935217851792

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Recent Innovations (ICRI 2018), pages 1785-1792

ISBN: 978-989-758-458-9

1785

Muslim integration strategy by the EU is not yet

fully implemented, and still required more efforts

because various terrorist attacks still happened

across Europe, such as Madrid bombings and the

murder of Dutch filmmaker Theo Van Gogh in 2004

and the attack on London in 2005. (Archick K. ,

Belkin, Blanchard, Ek, & Mix, 2011)

Such incidents was challenged the efforts of

Muslim integration strategy in EU countries. The

efforts was questioned the implementation of

Muslim integration strategy to prevent the future

terrorist incidents across Europe.

In 2015 also happened the attack on the office of

Charlie Hebdo magazine, bombing attack during a

concert of music in Paris, and a suicide bombing at

Brussels Airport in (Euronews, 2016). These

incidents increased the difficulties for the EU to

attempt the Muslim integration strategy.

In addition to the various incidents of terrorism,

the EU also has to face massive immigrants who

come from different region of conflict in the world.

Massive migration due to the conflict entering the

EU countries and the majority of them are Muslim.

The EU then need to share the burden of refugees to

their member states that does not accumulate in one

or two countries.

Approximately 562,680 refugees and asylum

seekers arrived in Europe in 2014. The number of

refugees and asylum seekers increasing rapidly in

2015 with more than 1 million people, exactly

1,255,640 refugees and asylum seekers arrived in

Europe. (Schmid, 2016)

A state that becoming a favourite European

destination for Muslim immigrants is Germany.

Germany is a prosperous country in Europe, but the

potential of terrorist attacks can be occurred due to

the massive immigrants. In 2015, Germany was also

willing to accept 800,000 refugees and asylum

seekers in the country. (Mason, 2016)

The intention of that German policy to accept

refugees and asylum seekers was made Germany

potentially vulnerable. This would require Germany

to make efforts towards integration of (Muslim)

immigrants. In this Muslim integration efforts,

Germany needs the EU as an institution that houses

the European countries.

EU role for Germany is to support Germany’s

Muslim integration efforts. The support of EU to

Germany and other EU member states is the part of

the EU’s Muslim integration strategy. The strategy

aimed to facilitate the EU member states to promote

and implement the Muslim integration efforts

through their policies.

The role of EU also to encourage integration

practices, harmonizing standards and monitoring

national policies. There was no legal basis to the EU

to act or directly implemented national integration

policies to their member states. (Archick K. , Belkin,

Blanchard, Ek, & Mix, 2011)

The EU also seeks to create a Muslim integration

through the integration strategy of Muslim,

especially in Germany which is the most favourite

destination country of the majority of Muslim

immigrants. Germany was a country that EU set to

implement Muslim integration strategy because of

its vulnerability.

Efforts made by the government of Germany to

their Muslim in the country aligned with Muslim

integration strategy by the EU. It promoted the

integration and tackled against radicalism and

terrorism. It is then reflected into Germany’s

domestic policy such as an exit program in 2010.

Exit program was launched in July 2010 by

interior ministry of Germany to provide assistance to

violent extremists seeking to turn backs on

extremism. This initiative was similar with the

program for right-wing extremists that launched in

2001. (Archick K. , Belkin, Blanchard, Ek, & Mix,

2012).

Those kind of considerations made Germany was

priority to implement the EU’s Muslim integration

strategy. The strategy will make Germany to create

their national policies in order to overcome the

problems that may be occurred in the case of

Germany’s vulnerability.

The EU itself has made a strategy, while

Germany will make the national policies of the

strategy. The EU strategy on the integration of

Muslim is to promote the integration and to fight

against radicalism and terrorism.

The strategy was reflected in draft called EU

Fundamental Rights Draft: preventing and

combating anti-Semitic and anti-Muslim hatred in

Europe. (European Commission, 2015). The draft

will then be adopted by all EU member states into

their national policies in their respective countries.

(Archick K. , Belkin, Blanchard, Ek, & Mix, 2011).

Thus the EU’s Muslim integration strategy was

priority to Germany.

2 MUSLIM IN THE EUROPEAN

UNION

Muslim in the European Union is a community that

has long history and has been lived in Europe for

ICRI 2018 - International Conference Recent Innovation

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centuries. Since the early eighth century AD,

Muslim have been arrived the region through the

Arab conquest. Thereby, as time goes by, Muslim in

the Europe sometimes erratic numbers increased and

decreased. This is caused by the presence of Muslim

who returned to his homeland after living in the

Europe. (Schmidinger, Islam, Migration, and the

Muslim Communities in Europe: History, Legal

Framework, and Organizations, 2011)

The Increasing of Muslim in large numbers

occurred in the 1960s. Great migration from the

former colonies which most of them are Muslim

majority countries in North Africa. As a result of it,

Muslim that came into the Europe made the number

of Muslim in Europe increased rapidly. The arrival

of Muslim immigrants was due to the need for

workers or labour in European countries after the

warfare of World War II such as Germany, Britain,

and France. (Gallis, Archick, Miko, & Woehrel,

2005)

Muslim immigrants were initially set to

temporary, but due to the changes of the bilateral

agreements, these immigrants settled in the Europe

for decades. The presence of Muslim immigrants

made the Muslim populations in Europe has

increased almost beyond Europe natives.

Nonetheless, Muslim and local communities in

Europe remained peaceful co-existence. It was

harmony, even the Europeans are keen to embrace

Islam (Angenendt, et al., 2007).

Tolerance that showed by Muslim and the

Europeans did not going well along the way.

Sometimes there were some groups opposed Muslim

called as the far-right wing groups. Thus, German

took the lead to integrate them. This integration

effort was to overcome disputes. These efforts are

also made to ensure the lives of Muslim immigrants

to receive the same treatment as citizens. In fact

there was no such as major problem that happened

between Muslim and the Europeans at that time.

Entering the era of the 2000s in the aftermath of

terrorist attacks such as the September 11, 2001 in

US spread to Europe by bombings of Madrid and

London in 2004 and 2005, the EU made the

integration has to seriously undertaken to fight

extremism and radicalism in the Muslim

communities.

Negative prejudices against Muslim appeared to

make it difficult to create a process of integration

that has been running. Other than that, Islamophobia

has also become one of the factors that hinder the

integration of Muslim in the EU. (Angenendt, et al.,

Muslim Integration: Challenging Conventional

Wisdom in Europe and The United States, 2007).

The social movement prevalent in the German-

speaking countries ‘Patriotic Europeans against the

Islamization of the Occident' (German abbreviation:

PEGIDA), particularly in its country of origin

Germany and in Austria. It emerged as a populist

‘street movement.' On 20 October 2014, with

approximately 350 protesters, they took the first

demonstration and protested against the political

establishment and increased Islamic influence on

European culture. A Facebook group arose with

which criticized a pro-Kurdish demonstration in the

city of Dresden. (Haller & Holt, 2018)

That kind of prejudices against Muslim and the

movement has aggravated the relations between

Muslim and European communities in Europe. In

addition it also impeded the efforts of Muslim

integration that has been built through the ideas to

promote integration in Europe.

Therefore, the EU pursued a strategy of

integration of Muslim in the era of the 2000s

focused on promoting integration and prevent

radicalism and terrorist recruitment. Preventing

potential terrorist radicalization and recruitment

process was hoping to tackle the growth of terrorism

in the EU.

Besides promoting the integration of Muslim and

preventing radicalism, there was also a forum to

exchange information, so there is no

misunderstanding about Muslim. The forum was

facilitate by EU and organized by each EU member

states. In Germany, they were created a German

Islam Conference. (Bonewit, 2016)

Muslim integration efforts was continuity

undertaken in each of EU member states. In 2013

the strategy of Muslim integration that was

challenged back by various terrorist attacks stricken

the across the EU countries. In addition to the

numerous terrorist attacks, the declaration of Islamic

caliphate in Syria and Iraq which called ISIS

(Islamic State of Iraq and Syria) and the various

warfare and conflicts that never ending the Middle

East and Africa region also has implications for the

integration of the Europeans and Muslim.

The never ending war in the Middle East and

Africa region has impacted the number of refugees

and asylum seekers entering Europe. The refugees

and asylum seekers are mostly Muslim entering the

EU member states to seek a protection. But there are

also who seek a better life. The problem that

happens then is that the number of refugees who

come to the EU during 2014-2015 was more than 4

million people (Schmid, 2016).

Refugees and asylum seekers were arrived in the

EU member states mostly from South Asia, West,

European Union’s Muslim Integration Strategy in Germany 2014-2015

1787

Africa, and the Balkans. More than 1million people

in the Mediterranean Sea in 2015, the majority

coming from three majority Muslim countries,

namely, Syria, Afghanistan and Iraq, the rest come

from Somalia, Libya, and other Middle Eastern

countries. (Schmid, 2016)

This massive immigrants that entering the EU

was the biggest migration since World War II. This

situation also created xenophobic and anti-migrant

movements. Those refugees and asylum seekers

majority caused of the warfare in the Middle East

such as Syria. (Yasbek, et al., 2015)

The EU has created Muslim integration strategy

that focus on two aspects: to promote the integration

and to fight against extremism. In promoting

integration, although there are no legal basis EU

treaties which directly authorizes the EU to carry out

a policy of integration, the EU plays an important

role in the integration process going on and

monitoring the integration efforts of its member

states. (Archick K. , Belkin, Blanchard, Ek, & Mix,

2011)

One of favourite destination of these refugees is

Germany. Germany also holds the largest among the

refugee burden of other EU countries. Besides being

Germany is a country of immigrants, Germany also

has had experience in the integration program,

especially with Muslim immigrants. Besides,

Germany is also a country potentially affected by the

terror attacks because of the many immigrants.

The number of Muslim immigrants coming into

Europe, especially in Germany making the EU

conduct a strategy in 2014, namely to guarantee

fundamental rights for immigrants and Muslim

population. Additionally, Muslim integration efforts

are also made to support the steps taken by the

European Union. Germany is one of particular

concern regarding Muslim integration due to the

massive Muslim immigrants who came in and a

series of terrorist attacks (European Commission,

2016).

There are interesting things from the many

refugees who come to Germany. Despite frequent

attacks against refugees throughout 2015, but there

are also groups that welcomed the arrival of the

refugees as performed by some of the German

community in Munich. The refugees who had just

arrived at the station Munich were greeted with

drinks, food, and medicine. Besides, the German

people also donated basic needs for refugees.

Volunteer group of refugees is estimated at 3,000

people and is expected to reach 7,000 in September

2015. The volunteers help the newly arrived

refugees after a long journey from Hungary to use

the bus. Assistance provided by the German public

to the refugees were able to create a good integration

process, especially against Muslim. (Connolly,

2015)

The majority Muslim in Germany live in large

cities and large industrial areas, such as Berlin,

Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart, Dortmund, Essen,

Munich, and Hamburg. The Muslim presence is

very strategic to the German economy.

(Schmidinger, Islam, Migration, and the Muslim

Communities in Europe: History, Legal Framework,

and Organizations, 2011)

In the last two decades, they are more successful

economically, educated, and integrated into the

social and cultural life. Another reality of Muslim in

Germany is 80 percent Muslim immigrants in

Germany are employees or employers. In education,

34 percent of German Muslim are graduates of

diploma, 22.3 percent of high school graduates is

high, 28.8 percent of high school graduates. This

means that 85.2 percent of German Muslim have the

qualifications to enter the diverse workforce.

(Foroutan, 2013)

3 STRATEGY ON MUSLIM

INTEGRATION IN GERMANY

Due to the economic potential generated by the

German Muslim and to prevent the occurrence of

problems, especially for the EU, German Muslim

performed an integration strategy in 2014. The

strategy was the EU strategy against radicalization

and recruitment into terrorism, and the European

Commission is also advised to prevent radicalization

and recruitment of terrorism with a broader approach

that includes internal and external security.

The phenomenon can be analysed in neo-liberal

institutionalism by Robert O. Keohane. This theory

emphasize on cooperation to create economic

prosperity. This theory also emphasizes soft power

in solving a problem which is non-violence.

Because beside to make it save, the settlement of

soft power is considered more effective and

efficient. (Keohane & Nye, 2012)

One form of soft power efforts undertaken by the

EU of Muslim in Germany pursued a strategy of

integration of Muslim. Germany's ability to carry out

the successful integration of immigrants in the 1960s

gave the EU the confidence to be able to create the

continuation of integration of Muslim following the

strategic framework and basic principles of the EU

draft.

Muslim integration strategy also followed the

concept of mutual cooperation in the Neo-liberal

ICRI 2018 - International Conference Recent Innovation

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institutionalism. Because in the process, The EU in

cooperation with Germany and the Muslim

communities within Germany are keen to create the

integration of Muslim. This is resulted in the

presence of Muslim in Germany to be able to be

empowered especially those immigrants who can

boost the German economy.

The increase in the German economy cannot be

separated from the role of Muslim in Germany.

Germany increased surplus of 7.3 percent of GDP in

2014 and 8.2 percent of GDP (Gross Domestic

Product) in 2015. The presence of Muslim in

Germany that can move Germany automatically will

have an impact for the EU because Germany is a

member of the European Union and actively

participate in various activities of the EU economy

(European Commision, 2016).

The increase in GDP was due to the dominance

of foreign trade gives a surplus of 1,2 pps

(purchasing power standard) to 8.6 percent of GDP.

German surplus is associated with the European

Union. The European Union also experienced

economic improvement of 1.3 pps, the pps 0.7 of it

associated to Euro currency. (European Commision,

2016)

The European Union is willing to provide

assistance funding to all its members amounted to

3.137 billion Euro for efforts to make the asylum

seekers, immigrants, and integration. Germany

receives assistance in improving the facilities and

services for asylum seekers. EU action is to aim for

all member states, especially Germany no economic

difficulties in implementing the strategy of Muslim

integration. (European Asylum Support Office,

2016)

The existence of a mutually beneficial

relationship between the EU and Germany are due to

Muslim integration strategy is consistent with the

concept of absolute advantage (absolute gain) or

non-zero sum games in the neo-liberal

institutionalism. The intent of this concept is a

collaboration will always make a profit even if the

value of different advantages, but these advantages

can surely be achieved with the cooperation

(Keohane & Nye, 2012).

The economic advantage is not only felt by the

EU and Germany alone, but also the Muslim

communities in Germany also can feel the benefits

of the Muslim integration strategy. Because of the

presence of Muslim integration strategy of the

Muslim community in Germany received special

attention gaining the fundamental rights such as

carry conviction.

In November 2015 Germany also launched a pre-

integration course comprised of language training

and cultural orientation, immigration counselling,

and project integration for immigrants whom would

stay in Germany, primarily from Muslim countries.

Germany also prioritized the integration of labour

markets and labour market counselling guide

projects in the procedures for granting asylum.

Such efforts would improve the economy if the

refugees and asylum seekers were able to integrate

into the labour market.

The creation of mutually beneficial cooperation

between the European Union, Germany, and the

Muslim community in Germany is a manifestation

of the mutual dependence or interdependence. In the

Neo-liberal institutional concept of interdependence,

the concept is defined as the process of

interdependence between the actors with other actors

because each actor has advantages and

disadvantages (Elsayed & Grip, 2015).

The Neo-liberal institutionalism argued that

security is an important or major factor in improving

the economy. Because if there is no security

guaranteed or there were conflicts within the state

then cooperation will not be created or not fully

implemented, and if cooperation is not created then

the benefits could not be obtained. Therefore

ensure and guaranteed the security in Germany,

Muslim integration strategy is an answer as a part of

efforts to boost the economy of Germany and the

EU.

Although Germany has had experienced in the

integration of Muslim in particular with immigrants

for a long time, but it is vulnerable to various threats

of terrorist attacks due to the massive immigrants

entering the country. The arrived of 1.1 million

asylum seekers in Germany in 2015 and only

477,000 people are newly registered, and the

majority come from Muslim majority countries such

as Syria (162 510), Albania (54 762), Kosovo (37

095), Afghanistan (31 902), and Iraq (31 379 )

(Bonewit, 2016).

To overcome the security problem, The German

Federal Government launched security cooperation

with the Muslim community in 2011. The initiative

aimed to raise awareness of the threat of violent

extremism and radicalism that triggers to the

terrorism, to identify the successful of Muslim

communities with the security authorities, and to

encourage and finance the construction of the other

communities. (OSCE, 2014)

Therefore, to support the integration strategy for

the Muslim and Muslim's security guarantees, The

European Union held a meeting to discuss the

fundamental rights. The meeting resulted a draft that

is to emphasize tolerance and to fight against anti-

Semitism and hatred against Muslim (European

Commission, 2015).

Seeing the enormous potential security threats in

Germany The strategy of integration of Muslim is

done by using soft power as a forum for dialogue,

European Union’s Muslim Integration Strategy in Germany 2014-2015

1789

the provision of education and skills, etc. The use of

soft power by Neo-liberal institutionalism is more

important than the use of hard power such as

expulsion or even the use of military force.

(Keohane & Nye, 2012)

The EU pursued the integration strategy of

Muslim to prevent future conflicts that could be

occurred in Germany which will affect the EU and

its member states too. Germany also has the interest

to get help from the EU as an institution. These two

kind of interests are then joined together by

cooperation that created in the umbrella of

institution with the way of integration of Muslim

strategy in Germany.

The cooperation then created a relationship of

mutual dependence (interdependence) and mutual

benefits (absolute gain) between them. The EU and

Germany see Muslim in Germany as an economic

potential that can boost the economy of Germany

and the EU. This is a common interest to achieve the

mutual cooperation that happening between the

circles.

4 MUSLIM INTEGRATION IN

GERMANY AS AN EXAMPLE

FOR THE OTHER EU MEMBER

STATES

Muslim integration strategy that created by EU is a

form of support to Germany because it has been

willing to accommodate the number of massive

Muslim immigrants coming into the country.

Therefore, to appreciate the efforts of the German

EU also gave the assistance to Germany through a

series of EU meetings to discuss the integration of

Muslim, especially in Germany.

German was tend to potentially conflict with the

number of immigrants within them. Thus, the EU

immediately tried to keep Germany remained stable

and secured. In 2015, The EU made a draft which

aimed to promote tolerance, fundamental rights, and

eliminate hatred against Muslim. This draft also was

in the same year, the EU member states adopted a

declaration on cooperation commitment against

radicalization and terrorist networks (Oray).

The draft is intended for all members of the EU

but in practice more specifically to Germany

because of the urgent conditions. Based on the draft,

Germany can make domestic policy on the

integration of Muslim as mandated by the EU and

EU has to support, facilitate, and monitoring the

policies of Muslim integration in Germany.

The EU should help solve problems faced by

each member states and play an important role to

give the assistance. In the case of Germany, the EU

step is slightly different from the other members

because there are major priorities concerning highly

potential conflict that could happen between Muslim

and the native in Germany so that the EU as an

institution that houses Germany pursued and

obligated the integration of Muslim in Germany.

The EU chosen Germany to be prioritized due to

the potential of high conflict that could happen in

Germany and its vulnerability compared with other

members. Other than that, Germany also has a

strong influence on the EU for the survival of EU

institutions amid the issue of anti-EU or Euroskeptic

trending happening today. The exit of Britain from

this institution has affected the other EU member

states to join the Brexit campaign.

This situations was concerning EU to build

strong relations with Germany. For the Germany,

German’s willingness to accommodate Muslim

immigrants, it required Germany to conduct various.

The program focuses on the integration of Muslim;

promoting citizenship, shared values of freedom,

tolerance, and non-discrimination through education.

The programs also need the assistance of EU and

Germany could share it to the EU.

Integration is a two-way process between

immigrants and locals dynamic to help each other.

Various definitions of such integration can be

concluded that integration is a process to blend

(unification) with the public without leaving their

original culture. Respect for differences and

tolerance is needed in the process of community

integration; integration over a greater understanding

of sociology and society (Hübschmann, 2015).

In the course of the integration of immigrants in

the European region, 15 EU member states

practicing the integration of immigrants but only

German intensively practicing the integration of

immigrants consistently. Various immigrant

integration program undertaken by Germany can be

realized with good and last a long time since the

successful of immigrant integration in 1960s.

Because of the successful of Germany

integration programs in the field of immigrant

integration, the EU has the confidence to give its

trust to make a strategy of Muslim integration in

Germany. Germany has successfully implemented

an immigrant integration programs that also

inseparable from the role of Muslim itself in

Germany that also fully supported the programs.

Muslim integration strategy in Germany is expected

to become an example for other EU member states

to create an integration of Muslim in their respective

countries.

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The real implementation that Germany has

already realisation for the process of immigrant

integration especially Muslim integration in

Germany are creating and organizing German Islam

Conference, integration courses, Islamic education

in public school, etc. Those Germany efforts still

implemented until now and able to reduce the

possibility of misunderstanding between Muslim and

local Germans.

5 CONCLUSION

Muslim integration EU strategy is a strategy that has

long history of step by step efforts by the EU and its

member states. As the terrorist attack of September

11, 2001, the strategy has been made and continue to

be refined over the years. The strategy is to promote

integration and to fight against extremism to

maintain the security and harmony of European

society’s relations with Muslim.

Various terrorist attacks that hit the EU region

and significant flows of refugees and asylum seekers

coming into the EU increasingly created the need for

the integration of Muslim to be done intensively

practicing. For that, in 2014-2015 the EU intensively

finalize the Muslim integration strategy that

conducted by the EU member states of the

institution.

EU member states seemed focus only on their

internal security and less on Muslim integration in

the country. Therefore the EU seeks to convince its

member states to integrate their Muslim population

by giving attention to Germany which is a favourite

destination for Muslim immigrants.

Therefore the EU issued a strategy of integration

of Muslim in Germany in 2014-2015, i.e., when the

German willing to open the country to accommodate

and received many refugees and asylum seekers.

The EU put their trust in Germany that has been able

successfully practicing the integration of immigrants

and Muslim for a long time.

The EU also has the interest of pursuing a

strategy of the integration of Muslim in Germany.

This interests is a common interest between the EU

and Germany. Both interests was created an

interdependence situation between EU and Germany

and also Muslim in Germany that could not be

separable.

The European Union has the expectation that if

the integration of Muslim in Germany successfully

implemented, Muslim integration will be extended

to other EU member states or even the world. This

concept which usually called spill over. The spill

over was hoping to create Muslim integration

strategy to all EU member states, all the European

countries and even all over the world.

Therefore, The European Union is pursuing a

strategy of integration of Muslim in Germany to

later serve as an example for other EU member

states that have not done the integration of Muslim

amid the many security threats and the number of

Muslim immigrants in the European Union. If this

Muslim integration extends to other European Union

member states, hopefully it can create the stability in

the European Union, especially the harmony

between the Muslim community and the European

Union.

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