The Development of Yemes Diplomacy with the United States on the

Government of President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi

Yon Mahmudi

, Muhammad Syauqillah

and Karen

School of Strategic and Global Studies

Keywords: foreign policy, cooperation, military, security, Yemen and United States

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to know the foreign policy of Yemen led by President Abdrabbuh Mansour

Hadi; to identify the form of Yemeni international cooperation with the United States particularly the

political and economic aid during the reign of President Abdullah Mansour Hadi. This study applied the

qualitative method in the research. The results of the survey reveal that Abdurrahman Mansour Hadi seeks

to fight the Houthi and protect Yemen with diplomatic way, both in the form of political and economic aid.

Yemen's foreign policy in the government of President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi aims to muster political

power by engaging with other countries in the face of Yemeni internal conflicts such as Saudi Arabia, Iran.

This paper will specifically focus on the relation of Yemen government with The United States; The form of

cooperation between Yemen and the United States, among others, military training, army support of more

personnel, intelligence exchange and joint operations in combating theorists in the Middle East region.

1 INTRODUCTION

During the reign of Ali Abdullah Saleh, when the

entrenched poverty, violence, chaos, hit the nation,

and corruption ensued Ali Abdullah Saleh, Hewas

incapable of creating internal exclusion and stability,

resulting in frequent conflicts between regions,

provinces, Yemeni conflicts. While Ali Abdullah

Saleh reigned the country, in January 2011, many

Yemenis protested the government system of Ali

Abdullah Saleh. They demanded the president to

step down from his position (Terril, 2011:21). The

government of Ali Abdullah Saleh handed the

authority to the interim government under

Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi. President Abdarrabbuh

Mansour Hadi resolved the conflict in South

Yemeneventhough he did not have the support of the

Yemeni people. Thishas led tonew conflicts and

unstable politics in Yemen. The instability of

President Abdarrabbuh Mansour Hadi's government

led to the rebellion of the Houthi Group that wielded

the Iranian school of thought and caused unsafe

territory (Asmardika, 2015).

Yemeni internal conflicts are essentially a

dispute between Shi'ism represented by Shiite

Houthi and supported by the Sunni Iranian state that

supports the Yemeni government. Therefore, Saudi

Arabia became a supporter of the Yemeni state

against the Shiite rebels Houthi, and help the

revolutionary movement in the Saadah region

bordering on Saudi Arabia. Assistance provided by

Saudi Arabia is in the form of logistic and military.

The United Nations helped the involvement of the

United States and found out that Iran provided

missile technology for Yemen's Shia guerrillas, Al-

Houthi. The coalition of Saudi Arabia and the

United States was carried out by supporting the

government of the still-exiled Abdadbuh Mansour

Hadi. Therefore, Saudi Arabia and the United States

helped the returnof President Abdurrahman Mansour

Hadito Sana'a Palace to take back his power in

Yemen (Jakti and Jamil, 2015). The United States is

doing foreign political relations with Yemen by

helping the government of Abdurabbuh Mansour

Hadi to overcome the internal problems related

authority issue. President Abdurrahman Mansour

Hadi continues to work with other countries

including the United States in politics, the military,

and security. There are two objectives of this

research: 1). To know the foreign policy of Yemen

led by President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi 2). To

see the form Yemeni international cooperation with

the United States during the reign of President

Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi especially the political,

military and security fields.

Mahmudi, Y., Syauqillah, M. and Karen, .

The Development of Yemes Diplomacy with the United States on the Government of President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi.

DOI: 10.5220/0009929903170324

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Recent Innovations (ICRI 2018), pages 317-324

ISBN: 978-989-758-458-9

317

2 METHODS

2.1 Research Design

This paper uses qualitative research methods.

Qualitative research is a study that interprets the

existence of the phenomenon, natural setting, real

events, and is revealed in the data in the form of

sentences (Moleong, 2005: 52). This study applies

qualitative research methods. Qualitative research is

a study that interprets the existence of the

phenomenon, natural setting, real events that have

been done by the existing techniques and revealed in

the data in the form of sentences (Moleong, 2005:

52). This research uses data collection method which

is the basis of research with qualitative analysis

method using the interview.

2.2 Analysis Method

Interview techniques used in qualitative research are

in-depth interviews. Selection of informants in this

study using the method of snowball sampling data

process on the main informant that has been

determined before. Data analysis method used in this

research is Interactive Model Analysis from Miles

and Huberman. This study uses a deductive method

which is a way of thinking of things that are

common and then drawn a conclusion that is specific

to the end of the analysis. The deductive method

aims to describe and analyze an event or case under

study so that it becomes more actual and accurate.

3 RESEARCH RESULT

This study examines the foreign policy of Yemen

during the reign of President Abdrabbuh Mansour

Hadi, a form of Yemeni international cooperation

with the United States during the reign of President

Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi especially the political,

military and security fields.

3.1 Yemen’s Foreign Policy During the

Presidency of President Abdrabbuh

Mansour Hadi

Yemen's foreign policy is applied by making a

president a political decision-maker and decisive

decision-making or policy in Yemen. Some

strengths and weaknesses determine the foreign

policy taken by a country. The President is helped

by the society and the tribe in Yemen to decide

every policy that he makes, and the president is

assisted by supporters of the government such as

prime ministers, foreign ministers and economic

ministers to foster diplomatic relations with other

countries (Ehtshami, 2002).

The government of President Abdurrahman

Mansour Hadi made various policies to protect

Yemen from the Houthi rebellion. This has been

done by the support from other countries, writing to

the Arabian Peninsula country and trying to

negotiate with the international parties to maintain

the stability of Yemen. President Abdurbuh Mansour

Hadi's foreign policy was conducted by establishing

US political relations with Yemen.

Political relations are running because the United

States has a national interest in Yemen. The United

States has a national interest so that the goal of

controlling the Middle East country with its

influence, to make America will hinder other forces

to control the Middle East region. This is because

the Middle East region is a very strategic place as a

place of trade and has a natural wealth, especially oil

that makes the United States want its power in the

Middle East region. Therefore, the Middle East is an

area that continues to be taken into account by the

United States, including Yemen.

3.2 A Form of Yemen International

Cooperation with the United States

The form of cooperation between Yemen and the

United States is military and security cooperation

even though the United States is not directly linked

in military aggression in Yemen; the US still

supports the attack by providing logistical and

intelligence services. For example in Saudi Arabia's

military assault, the United States (US) is not

directly involved in Saudi Arabia's military

aggression and Gulf states in Yemen against the

Houthis.

Several factors underlie the United States to

engage in security and military relations with

Yemen, among others, to minimize the victims of

theorists, especially the US citizens, minimize the

military / US Government, Yemeni approval,

International support, Yemen's commitment to

Combating Terrorism. The form of cooperation

between the United States and Yemen is financial

aid and supporting the prevention of cholera

epidemic in Yemen. US aid intends to support

Yemen stability to prevent the Al-Houthi from

taking over the power of the country. Furthermore,

Saudi also intervenes to stop Al-Houthi to overrun

the main oil channel in Bab el Mandeb, in South

Yemen.

ICRI 2018 - International Conference Recent Innovation

318

4 DISCUSSION

This study discusses the results of the research

relating foreign policy of Yemen during the reign of

President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi and the type of

the international cooperation between Yemen and

the United States especially the political, military

and security.

4.1 Yemen's Foreign Policy under the

Government of President

Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi

President Abdurrahman Mansour Hadi carried out

foreign policy to resolve Yemen's internal conflict

by engaging in political relations with other

countries to support its empire. Based on the theory

of foreign decision-making, the foreign policy in a

country is based on the rational considerations of

President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi. The president

uses various alternatives such as making political

relations with Saudi Arabia. The Arabian Peninsula

achieve its goal by tackling the Yemeni conflict

from the Al-Houthi insurgency and seeking support

for its power. President Abdurrahman Mansour Hadi

conducts the basis of foreign policy with the

consideration of the domestic political situations and

the conditions of the Yemeni state that made

President Abdurrahman Mansour Hadi consider the

decision to establish a relationship with other

countries.

Yemen's foreign politics in the Government of

President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi done by keep

doing the same working relationship with other

countries or organizations in the world. Foreign

relations of Yemen is the relationship and policy

defended Yemen with other States. Yemen became a

member of the United Nations, the Arab League, the

organisation of Islamic Cooperation and. In addition

to that, Yemen has approved the Treaty of non-

proliferation is contained and has stressed the need

for making the Middle East a region free of weapons

there and other weapons of mass destruction.

Yemen's foreign politics in the Government of

President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi is done with the

goal of leveraging the power of political muster with

relations with other countries in the face of Yemen's

internal conflict. Political relations with other

countries, namely Bangladesh, China, Arabia, Iran,

India and the United States and some other countries

are done as a form of foreign policy of Yemen.

The powers of the President Abdrabbuh

Mansour Hadi not too has political policy can

change the pattern of power that existed previously.

Political power is still divided cannot put together by

President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi. Therefore,

President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi visits with other

countries that could support its power in Yemen as

well as resolve conflict with Yemen rebels Al

Houthi.

Al Houthi is not formed from combat operations

with the battle sequence and hierarchy of the

organization that can be analyzed in terms of

conventional military. Instead, the group emerged

from the structure, processes, and values that are

organic from the mountains, the countryside, and the

environment that have a variety of tribes. It is

important to know that Al Houthi moves to mobilize

the time using principles that they have learned in

their place of origin.

There are different things which can be seen

from the way Al Houthi group defend itself, i.e. the

placement of their leaders. Husayn Al Houthi served

as commander during the first phase, with Badr al-

Din took over during the second phase. The younger

brother of Husayn, i.e. Abd al-Malik had taken over

the leadership of the Al Houthi of the third phase of

the battle and beyond have differences. The

geographical location of the placement of the Al

Houthi leaders having diversity in the entire conflict

has ever known (Barack, 2010).

Al Houthi leaders have this kind of control areas

or different control or local area leaders (LAL), or in

a language, Arabs called "qa'id maydani " or field

commanders. It also describes the location of the

Chief Commander of Al-Houthi in the entire conflict

areas (Barack, 2010). During the armed conflict, the

Commander of the group have been living in remote

areas that are sustainable and can inform

assumptions about the internal dynamics of the

group. With models such as the planning and

execution of daily combat operations, LAL maintain

considerable autonomy in the performance of day-

to-day operations. This allowed LAL to begin the

exchange of command center while simultaneously

and create a command center Houthi took the

decisions themselves, relying on the prestige of the

private and non-violent persuasion to maintain

loyalty.

Yemen's foreign politics during the reign of

President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi, haunted by the

variety of militant groups warring with one another,

among a group of Shia Al Houthi who controlled

provinces in the North of Yemen, a separatist

movement in the the southern region, Al-Qaeda in

the Arabian peninsula, factions within the military

and coupled with sympathizers of former President

Ali Abdullah Saleh who stepped down from Office

in Yemen the past 2011 revolution (Novandi, 2013).

The biggest trigger of this rebellion is a conflict

between the South Yemen Movement with the

Government of President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi.

The Development of Yemes Diplomacy with the United States on the Government of President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi

319

The South Yemen movement asked the party leaders

and President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi out of Aden

on March 1, 2015, due to South Yemen will also

experience conflict. Then supporters of the Al

Houthi declared unconstitutional to set up people's

committees in Yemen against Saudi Arabia and

United States intervention did not intervene against

Yemen's internal condition.

Based on the theory of conflict of a political

phenomenon associated with leadership that is a

person's ability to ban other people doing destructive

actions and ban was to be heard and obeyed by

others. The conflict according to Simmel more

accentuated as a symptom of social is inevitable

someone in social interaction that includes various

associative processes and dispositif converge but can

be differentiated in the analysis. The cause of the

conflict is the change of interest organisations,

entities, groups and others. The existence of hate,

discord is the main thing that caused the conflict.

The conflict between the Government of

President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi and prolonged

rebel influenced President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi

in taking foreign political policy. The decision in

running foreign policy is carried out by various ways

to resolve the problem and keep power in Yemen.

President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi political

relations external affairs with Saudi Arabia and the

United States to gain support abroad in an attempt to

save the rebels from Yemen then. However, this is

not apart from the foreign policy of President

Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi as political relations with

Saudi Arabia and the United States.

The foreign policy of President Abdrabbuh

Mansour Hadi against countries Arabian peninsula

was greeted well due to the interests of the Arab

countries against Yemen. The result of the political

relations of countries particularly Saudi Arabia

Arabian peninsula is promising aid amounting to

$3.25 billion to Yemen. The latest effort by the

countries of the Gulf and West to support the new

Government of President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi

when he fights Al-Qaeda and other Islamist groups.

The Saudi Government announced the donation at a

meeting of the Friends of Yemen in Riyadh, which

is marked as a vital part of the reform efforts in the

poorest country in the Arabian (Peel, 2012).

According to Plano and Olton (1999), political

decisions abroad is a strategy or action plan made by

the decision maker of the country in the face of other

Nations or another international political unit, and

controlled to achieve goals specific national

terminology applied in the national interest. political

decisions abroad run by the Government of a

country is indeed aimed to achieve the national

interests of the community that he ordered through

the national interests of a nation is determined by

who is in power at the time. It is explained that the

foreign policy of President Abdrabbuh Mansour

Hadi does political efforts with a braid of diplomacy

in order to achieve the national interests of Yemen.

The existence of aid funds from Saudi Arabia are

the results after President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi

of the letter cast a lot of reinforcements from Saudi

Arabia that supports the Government of Yemen they

build military bases that are in Yemen. There are

eight (8) countries participated in the first military

operation since Yemen cast a petition for help. Such

assistance in the form of Saudi Arabia sent fighter

planes as many as 100 units that conduct incursions

with the name operation "Strom of Resolve". Then

countries around the Gulf, namely Morocco, Sudan,

Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar,

Kuwait, Jordan in the operation. In addition, Egypt

also deployed a fleet of Navy and air force to help

Yemen (Setiawan, 2015).

The foreign policy of President Abdrabbuh

Mansour Hadi conducted with United States

political relationship with Yemen. The United States

has national interests so that the purpose to control

the Middle East with its effects, making the United

States would deter other powers controlled the

region of the Middle East. This is because the region

of the Middle East is very strategic place as a place

of Commerce and has a wealth of nature especially

the oil that makes the United States wants its power

in the Middle East region. The Middle East is a

region that continues to be taken into account by the

United States, including Yemen.

According to James N Rosenau, i.e. foreign

policy efforts of a country through the overall

attitude and its activities to overcome and gain from

the external environment (Rosenau et.al, 1979).

Political decisions abroad aimed to nurture and

maintain the viability of a country. Further,

according to Rosenau, when we assess a country's

foreign policy then we will enter a broad and

complex phenomenon, encompassing life internal

(internal life) and the need for an external (external

needs) including are internal and external life as

national attributes, aspirations, culture, conflict,

capabilities, institutions, and routine activity aimed

at achieving and maintaining a social identity, law

and geography of a country as a nation-State.

Based on the description then the foreign policy

issued by President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi more

leads to efforts to establish foreign relations in

overcoming the conflict Yemen and Yemen's own

national interests. It was done with political relations

with countries that also have interests in Yemen as

Saudi Arabia and the United States.

Coplin (1992: 30), in his study, stated that

presidents took decisions based on the domestic

political situation of other countries that engage in

ICRI 2018 - International Conference Recent Innovation

320

political relations.Yemen's internal conditionsare hit

continuously by chaos and war, poverty and

corruption became the consideration of President

Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi.The international context

such as the involvement of the United Nations, the

United States, and Saudi Arabia also influence the

decision of foreign policy of President Abdurrahman

Mansour Hadi. While the third base is a less

developed economic situation and security situation

hit by the war of Al-Houthi rebellion continues to be

the basis of President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi to

take foreign policy decisions.

The ongoing conflict in Yemen between the

government and the Al-Houthiis based on

IbnKhaldun's conflict theory because of the political

phenomenon of the dissatisfaction of the service of

the government that people or certain groups

encountered. The corruption issue of President Ali

Abdullah Salah became one of the triggers of the

conflict in Yemen. Furthermore, one of the factors

of conflict is the discrimination that the Shiite, Al-

Houthi group faced.

Foreign policy run by President Abdurrahman

Mansour Hadi was also done to meet the national

interests of the Yemenito overcome the conflict with

Al Houthi rebels and to maintain his power by

establishing political relations with other countries.

Moore (2017) explains that the application of the

foreign policy in a country is a reflection of

formulas, attitudes, values , and directions with

specific goals to develop the progress of the state

and meet the interests of the state both nationally

and internationally.

4.2 Forms of Yemeni International

Cooperation with the United States

During the Reign of President

Abdrabbuh

In the national interest the role of the State as an

actor in this case the United States and Yemen that

took the decision and played an important role in the

international community for the influential

Association in his country. Thus the importance of

this because that would be a benefit for the people

who live in the region. Thomas Hobbes concluded

that the country is seen as the protector of the

territory, population, and the typical way of life and

values. So because the State is something that is

essential to the life of its citizens. Without the State

in ensuring the tools as well as security conditions or

in advancing prosperity, people's lives so restricted

(Jackson and Georg Sorensen. 2009:82). So the

space owned by a nation into the control of a State.

The United States military cooperation together

with Yemen in the face of terrorist groups and Al

Houthi rebels in North Yemen and South Yemen in

the area of AQAP was conducting military and

defence cooperation to quell the group. It can be

seen from the United States and Yemen officials

claim to have killed the leader of the Yemen branch

of Al-Qaidah (AQAP), Saeed Al-Shihri in attack

aircraft. The United States provides logistical

assistance in the form of 12 soldiers who were

providing training for soldiers and Arab Yemen in

an attempt to weaken the movement Al Houthi.

The form of cooperation between Yemen and the

United States on President Abdrabbuh Mansour

Hadi directed at military and security cooperation.

But the Association United States although not

directly but in its military aggression in Yemen,

there is involvement of the United States. For

example, the military aggression carried out in Saudi

Arabia, although the United States is not directly

involved in the military aggression of Saudi Arabia

and the Gulf countries in Yemen to fight Al Houthi

group. However, the United States supports that

aggression by giving logistical support and

intelligence data.

The foreign politics of the United States

addressed Yemen started the reign of Barack Obama

who was elected President of the United States in

2009. President Obama replaced George Bush with a

political policy of conducting a campaign against Al

Qaeda terrorism in a different way. It is informed in

a State speech in Chicago where President Obama

made his speech in a restructuring in the face of

threats and fix by means of soft power in applying

foreign (Gita, 2012)

One of President Barack Obama's efforts with an

emphasis on diplomacy in the relations with other

countries and resolve the problem. Hillary Clinton as

Secretary of State was often sent as a representative

for United States diplomacy in resolving the security

problems, strained relations back began Islamic

countries as well as with the United States,

expressed through propaganda against terrorism. In

addition to that President, Barack Obama would

improve foreign relations a better one of them finish

the conflict Yemen.

The United States at the time of President

Obama provides logistical support and data

intelligence for military operations in Yemen. It was

because Washington did not let Al Houthi and

country Iran against President Yemen Yemen

President, namely Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi. The

United States establish ties with Saudi Arabia in

Yemen crisis handling.

The attitude of the United States against

Yemen's foreign politics during the reign of Trump

is different. Until now the Government of Donald

Trump currently released policy on immigrants who

are denounced by the Al Houthi group in Yemen.

The Development of Yemes Diplomacy with the United States on the Government of President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi

321

Trump publishing anti-Muslim immigrant policy by

banning citizens and limit the arrival of Muslims in

the United States. It is done by the existence of a

decree was passed that banned Muslim citizens

Trump the country from Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Iraq,

Iran, Libya, and Yemen to come to the United

States. This triggered a wave of demonstrations

across the Americas

(http://internasional.kompas.com).

Trump policy gives rise to the action of the

people doing the oration and a demonstration in

Portland and Los Angeles International Airport, San

Francisco. The demonstration also did the action in

downtown Washington d.c., Miami, and Boston with

something wrong against the ban on Trump by

carrying a banner and a banner reading We are All

Muslim Now, Let Them In, Standing with Muslims

Against Islamophobia, No Muslim's Ban and

Racism (Stand with the Muslims Against

Islamophobia and racism

(http://www.meforum.org/3713/gulf-states-

american-support).

The Trump policy get resistance and censure

from the group Al Houthi in Yemen that is different

each other since President Abdrabbuh Mansour

Hadi. This also affects the political policies in

Yemen with the President's policy Trump about

Muslim immigrants

(http://www.meforum.org/3713/gulf-states-

american-support).

The United States supports the Government of

Yemen to eradicate terrorism movement while Iran

supported the separatist groups to secede from the

country of Yemen. Since the reign of Ali Abdullah

Saleh, Yemen is often hit by the protracted armed

conflict between the Government with various

separatist movements in both the North and South.

In addition, a war between tribes as well as the feud

between the military forces and the anti-Government

group of Loyalist Saleh, aggravating social

conditions, politics and Economics in the country

Yemen.

As one of the allied countries country Yemen

then United States many issued a special policy for

the country Yemen in an effort to improve bilateral

relations with the military exercises, military

cooperation, United States citizens and rescue

releasing the hostages of terrorists from different

countries are being held by a group of terrorism in

Yemen (Al Houthi) (Simanjuntak, 2012). A

connection with the Houthi group Al terrorism Al

Qaeda United States then deployed troops as much

as 166 soldiers of the armed forces. It was in

improving the military cooperation which consists of

10,000 military troops and there are 4,568 troops

United States as well as the delivery of six warships

and reconnaissance aircraft for the Navy.

Based on the theory of political decisions abroad

expressed by Russet and Starr (1988), political

decisions abroad has three concepts to explain the

country's relationship with the occurrence and the

situation outside the country, namely, first, the

decision as a group of foreign political orientation

(as a cluster of orientation). Political decisions

abroad as a set of orientation is the guideline for

decision makers to confront external conditions

which demand the making of decisions and actions

based on the orientation. This orientation consisted

of attitudes, perceptions, and values that are

elaborated from the experience of history, and

circumstances that determine the strategic position

of countries in international politics. Second,

political decisions abroad as a set of commitments

and a plan for action (as a set of commitments to and

plan for action).

The foreign policy of the United States issued in

the intervening in Yemen based with some policies

among other countries in the region of the Middle

East that become the targets of terrorism issued the

Travel Advisory and Travel policy Warning as Iraq,

Egypt and Iran particularly for the citizens of the

United States will be visiting in the country such as

terrorism targets in Afghanistan. The cooperation

undertaken by Yemen during the leadership of

Mansour Hadi is the field of political, military and

security. The basis of United States involvement in

addressing conflicts in Yemen among others 1)

United States Political Interests against Yemen.

Having regard to this strategic position,

the United States would like to master the region

Strait of Bab El Mandeb. The United States has set

four strategic importance for control of the region,

namely, supporting United States military operations

in Western Asia and the Indian Ocean either in

peacetime or wartime, safeguard the free navigation

of international through the Red Sea and the Strait of

Bab El Mandeb, control the movement of the oil of

the Persian Gulf to Europe and the United States,

and combat the threat against regional maritime

security and the region. The presence of the United

States in Yemen is very helpful to continue to

expand its hegemony United States come within the

Middle East (Burrowes, 2015)

As stated by the United States, the mentioned

national interest above is based on the classification

of Donald E. Nuechterlein. National political system

and economic interests of the United States are

achieved through the policy of the United States. Al-

Houthi group in North Yemen threatened the

government of Yemen to take over the national

assets if the government involved the United States

in the government. The United States has calculated

the profits that they might get from Yemen which

ICRI 2018 - International Conference Recent Innovation

322

could benefit the country’s economic situation

(www.jakartaforum.com)

The form of cooperation between Yemen and

the United States, led by President Abdurrahman

Mansour, focused on the military and security

cooperation. However, the United States was not

directly involved in the military aggression. Some of

the factors that underlie the United States in security

andmilitary engagement with Yemen are to avoid

more victims of the terror in Yemen, International

support, and the commitment of Yemen in

combating terrorism in the country.

There are some factors underlying the United States

initiating the field of security and military with

Yemen, among others: (Sharp, 2015)

1. Minimize terrorist victims mainly citizens of the

United States; Yemen and Saudi militant has

since merged to form AQAP. There are no U.S.

civilians killed by terrorist attacks in the United

States transcontinental direct AQAP. However,

terrorist Anwar al Awlaki, AQAP, either directly

or indirectly inspire motivate 40 others to

conduct terrorist attacks in the United States,

such as the mass killings at Fort Hood, Texas,

and bombings in Boston.

2. Minimize The Casualties The

Military/Government Of The United States; The

U.S. State Department has ordered the reduction

of United States Government personnel from

Yemen. 46 in may 2014, two officers of United

States Ambassador killed two people allegedly

armed Yemen trying to kidnap them.

3. Approval Of Yemen; Since President Abdrabbuh

Mansour Hadi took over Yemen in the year 2012.

President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi had allowed

the United States to conduct air strikes in the

region of Yemen. President Abdrabbuh Mansour

Hadi in 2012 with an interview in the

Washington Post, says that every military

operation before it took place, the United States

took permission from President Abdrabbuh

Mansour Hadi.

4. International Support; The United Nations

Security Council has issued three resolutions

(UNSCRs 2014, 2140, and 2051), including

UNSCR 2140 can drop the sanctions to anyone

who threatens the stability of Yemen. United

States and United Kingdom also helped form the

Friends of Yemen Group, a multilateral forum

from 24 countries of the related Conference was

launched in January 2010 in London to raise

funds for the development of Yemen and

improve coordination assistance.

5. Yemen's commitment to fighting terrorism;

Yemen using the issue of terrorism as a means to

secure international support and legitimacy for

his administration, and the calming domestic

jihadist groups when it was politically expedient

to do so. Although there is a dearth of reliable

polling public opinion about Yemen, anecdotal

evidence suggests that cooperation with the

United States often viewed unpopular, given

repeated civilian casualties from air strikes,

continued incarceration Yemen nationals in

Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, and less financial

support from the international community.

In the middle of very acute conflict conditions, it

appears that the stability of State security should be

a priority of the new Administration's leadership of

President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi. The President-

elect must be capable of embracing various elements

in both the North and the South in order to get out of

the prolonged chaos. For if the security stability is

maintained when the new Government will be able

to work optimally in restoring conditions of social,

political and economic Yemen. The Yemen

Government alarmed by actions done Al Houthi

repressive action by the rebels began arresting

demonstrators and put into prison. Repressive efforts

were undertaken by the Government apparently

made the friction between them increases.

Diplomacy is done both to find the way of peace is

always dead ends and don't get the middle way

(Simanjuntak, 2013)

5 CONCLUSION

The foreign policy of Yemen in the Reign of

President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi with a short

term of government was to attempt to fight the

rebels, Al-Houthi group. The foreign policy of

Yemen that run by President Abdurrahman Mansour

Hadi continues to focus on the efforts to protect

Yemen from the Houthi group by establishing

diplomatic efforts, both in political and economic

aid. President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi magnifies

his effort to protect Yemen at all cost from various

attacks, in doing so, To eradicate terrorism in the

Middle East, Mr. President forms a relationshipwith

the United States to conduct military training, share

information, and manage the joint operation.

United States intervention in Yemen because it

has its own interests against Yemen's domestic

political stability. Although these countries have

been benefited by the leadership of the regime of

President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi, Yemen's

stability remains a priority to maintain the interests

The Development of Yemes Diplomacy with the United States on the Government of President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi

323

of Saudi Arabia and the United States. The country

looks most involved in this case are Saudi Arabia

and the United States. Saudi Arabia's foreign policy

tends to be a reflection of United States foreign

policy. The interests of the United States in Yemen

is linked to security issues in which the regime of

President Ali Abdullah Saleh was one of the

proponents of the policy of the War on Terrorism

and has managed to balance domestic political

forces including the Group- radical groups close to

Al-Qaeda.

The basic foreign policy of President Abdrabbuh

Mansour Hadi because of considerations of domestic

political conditions and the condition of the country

so as to make Yemen President Abdrabbuh Mansour

Hadi consider decisions to establish rapport within

other countries. Foreign policy run by President

Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi to fight for national

interests of countries of Yemen, among others, it can

make the conflict Yemen with Al Houthi rebels as

well as maintaining a relationship with power

politics with other countries.

The basis of the interests of the United States to

intervene the political interests of the United States

among others against Yemen which the United

States concerned with the condition of Yemen

occupies a privileged position in the Arabian

peninsula and Yemen against the two aquatic access

importantly, the Red Sea and the Arabian Sea, the

presence of the El Mandeb Strait as the South Gate

of the Red Sea, where Yemen can master the main

cruise routes between East and West. The United

States has set four strategic interests to control area

that is, the support of United States military

operations in Western Asia and the Indian Ocean

either in peacetime or wartime, safeguard the free

international navigation in the waters of the Red Sea

and the Strait of Bab El Mandeb, control the

movement of the oil of the Persian Gulf to the region

of Europe and the United States, and combat the

threat against regional maritime security and the

region.

REFERENCES

(n.d.). Retrieved from http://internasional.kompas.com

(n.d.). Retrieved from www.jakartaforum.com

Asmardika, R. (n.d.). Kronologi Konflik Yaman Hingga

Kini. Retrieved from www.okezone.com

Burrowes, R. D. 2015. Historical Dictionary of Yemen.

United States of America: Scarerow Press. Inc.

Coplin, W. D. (n.d.). Pengantar Politik Suatu Telaah

Teoritis. (M. Marbun, Trans.) Bandung: Bina Cipt.

Ehteshami, A. 2002. Contemporary Nuclear Debates,

Missile Defense, Arms Control and Arms Races in the

Twenty Century. London, Inggris: The MIT Press.

Jakti, G. P. (n.d.). Upaya Pemerintah Ali Abdullah Saleh

Menyelesaikan konflik dengan Pemberontak Al

Houthi. e-Journal Ilmu Hubungan.

M., S. J. (n.d.). Yemen: Background and U.S. Relations.

Congressional Research Service.

Moore, M. 2017. Pacific Parliament: A Political and

economic Community for the South Pacific. New

Zealand: Univeristy of the South Pacific.

Priambodo, S. 2017. Motif Intervensi Arab Saudi

Terhadap Perang Saudara di Yaman. Jurnal Analisis

Hubungan Internasional, 6 (1), 205-215.

Rudy, T. M. 2002. Hukum Internasional. Bandung: PT.

Refika Aditama.

Simanjutak, E. K. (n.d.). Kepentingan Amerika Serikat di

Yaman Dalam Upaya Menggagalkan Revolusi Yaman

Oleh Al-Houti Yang Didukung Iran Tahun 2011.

Terril, W. A. 2011. The Conflicts in Yemen and US

National Security (Vol. 1). Strategic Studies Institute.

ICRI 2018 - International Conference Recent Innovation

324