Mapping out the Implementation of Science-Islam Integration on

University Students’ Thesis at UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

2011-2016

Mokhammad Yahya

and Rois Imron Rosi

Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang, Jalan Gajayana No. 50, Malang, Indonesia

Keywords: Integration, Islamization of knowledge, tree of science, Islam and science.

Abstract: The institutional conversion of IAIN into UIN is then followed by the policy of implementing integration of

knowledge (with Islam) as a distinctive character compared with secular universities in Indonesia. This

research aims to investigate the typology of ‘integration’ from students’s thesis at UIN Maulana Malik

Ibrahim. It also tries to find out how far the integration implementation has been taken place. This study

limits the scope only in the students’ thesis wtitten from 2011-2016. It uses library research and to sharpen

the analysis, the researchers use content analysis techniques, where it emphasizes on scientific analysis of

the message content of a communication. The findings reveal that to some degree the implementation of

‘integration’ has already shown the fruit of the tree of science –the distinctive school of integration

embraced by UIN Malang. The lack of similarity in the pattern and the integration model in the thesis

writing is because the tree of science is not a pattern or model that offers instructions and practical steps for

a research and thesis writing. The tree of science model works only in the infrastructure and superstructure

level. Such integration will, of course, be difficult to follow and standardize because the university is just

like providing the material solely, and the process of how to integrate and interconnect is left to each

individual to formulate themselves. Up to the year 2016, the exixting model of AMT, AMTT, comparasion

of mufassir, meaning analysis, DKM, Paragraph and Tafseer inclusion, paragraph inclusion that are used by

students in their thesis writing are still limited to interconnection type of ‘integration’. These instructions

give you basic guidelines for preparing papers for conference proceedingshe abstract should summarize the

contents of the paper and should contain at least 70 and at most 200 words. It should be set in 9-point font

size, justified and should have a hanging indent of 2-centimenter. There should be a space before of 12-

point and after of 30-point.

1 INTRODUCTION

Integrating or interconnecting (experimental and

social) sciences and Islam has become the most

crucial discourse and greatest concern for students

whom are in colleges and universities under

Ministry of Religious Affairs of Indonesia. This

trend has been mushrooming in line with the

conversion of State Islamic Institutes (IAIN) into

State Islamic universities (UIN) such as UIN Sharif

Hidayatullah Jakarta, UIN Sunan Kalijaga

Yogyakarta, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang,

UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya, and others. This

institutional change is then followed by the necessity

of implementing integration of knowledge (with

Islam) as a distinctive character compared with

universities under Ministry of Education and Culture

of Indonesia. This dictinction has eventually become

the national policy that has to be implemented for all

higher educational institutions under Ministry of

Religious Affairs of Indonesia.

One of legitimating reasons held by Ministry of

Religious Affairs of Indonesia on this conversion is

to prove their notion that there is no dichotomy of

sciences in Islam. Science dichotomy--felt by

Ministry of Religious Affairs--has caused inequality

in educational management that leads to inferiority

and lack of quality. In addition to that the existence

of science dichotomy has also influenced in the

shaping of community’s point of view. For

Indonesian Muslims, many still hold an idea that

only Islamic sciences such as fiqh , ulum al-qur'an,

hadith, tasawuf, and so forth which are mandatory to

Yahya, M. and Rosi, R.

Mapping out the Implementation of Science-Islam Integration on University Students’ Thesis at UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang 2011-2016.

DOI: 10.5220/0009927513491355

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Recent Innovations (ICRI 2018), pages 1349-1355

ISBN: 978-989-758-458-9

1349

be studied while the general sciences such as

physics, chemistry, sociology, and others are

considered as secular sciences and therefore are

treated as only secondary. Therefore, it is necessary

to have a new science paradigm so that it will

transform Islamic universities to become the center

in developing the unity between human and revealed

sciences. Several Moslem scientists have already

made concepts to reconcile general and religious

science which has been opposed one another for

decades. One of them is the concept of "Islamization

of Science ". (Kano, 2000) Beside the term

“Islamization”, there are also terms such as

naturalization of science (Kartanegara, 2003),

scientification of Islam (Kuntowijoyo, 2006),

Islamic science and so forth. Starting from these

sacralization science concepts than there is an idea

to make integration of science as a prerequisite in

doing conversion at Islamic institutions.

There are several science-integrated models

that have already been formulated by some institutes

and Islamic higher schools that already

metamorphosed as universities among them is a

spider net science model developed by UIN

Yogyakarta, the concept of a science tree model

presented by UIN Malang, concept of integration of

general science and religious science model initiated

by UIN Ciputat Jakarta, while , UIN Sunan Ampel

Surabaya carries the science concept model called

"integrated twin tower '. This conceptualization of

science integration is important because this

integration model will be a miniature of the

educational process undertaken.

The implementation of religious and science

integration at the State Islamic University Maulana

Malik Ibrahim Malang indeed has run well enough,

as in the making of curriculum, integration -based

syllabus and scientific writing written by college

student and lecturer has already been related with

turath Islami . A thing missed from attention is the

lack of mapping and analysis to various scientific

works done by college student and lecturer at UIN

Malang. Therefore, this research aims for doing

mapping and analysis to find typology from various

writing and scientific research done by bachelor

degree students of UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim to

gain character and to find how far the integration

achievement in scientific works done by students in

UIN Malang. Thus, this research attempts to explore

the implementation of “tree science" model in

student research of UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim

Malang as well as the developed model. This

research limits the scope only in the thesis wtitten by

bachelor degree in 2011-2016.

2 METHOD

In order to answer the problem formulation, the

researcher uses library research. With this literature

research, a research can use analytical descriptive

method, i.e. data obtained in the form of words,

images and behaviors that are not poured in the form

of numbers or statistics, but still in the form of

qualitative by giving the description of the situation

studied in the form of a description narrative

(Margono, 2000) For that, by using descriptive

qualitative method it can more describe about a

variable, symptoms or circumstances (Arikunto,

2000). In library research, library searching is more

than just serving the functions mentioned for

obtaining research data. Assertiveness of library

research limits its activities to library materials only

without the need for field research (Mestika , 2008).

To sharpen the analysis, the researcher uses

content analysis techniques, where it emphasizes on

scientific analysis of the message content of a

communication (Moleong, 1990). Content analysis

takes advantage of procedures that can derive the

conclusion of a book or document (Muhadjir, 1992).

The process of content analysis starts from the

communication message, sorted out, then

categorized between similar data, and then be

analyzed critically and objectively (Bleicher, 1980).

3 FONDATION OF ANALYSIS

3.1 Review of Literature

3.1.1 Integration Timeline of Contemporary

Islamic Thinkers

From historical aspect, the origin of integration has

started from the first five century of the emerge of

Islam (7th century until 11 AD) which at that time is

not known about the separation between science and

religion. Then on the end of the 11th century, the

separation between science and religion emerged,

which is well known as science dichotomy

(Muttaqin, 2014). Science dichotomy is the results

from the fight between intellectual people and the

church which later separate or negate its linkage.

Science dichotomy has broaden its scope as

secular teachings from west came to Islam world, so

this factor made deep disintegration among Muslim

people (Muttaqin, 2014) This disintegration made

some contemporary Muslim scholars rethink about

science and religion integration concept as has

happened on early century of progressive Islam.

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As result, several integration models were

introduced by contemporary Muslim scientists on

the 20th century. Various integration models could

be understood correspond with social-cultural

context of the model makers because of their

respective endeavor. Among those models are

(Bakar, 1994) IFIAS (International Federation of

Institute of Advance Study) Model, ASASI

(Academy of Islamic Science Malaysia) Model,

Islamic Worldview Model (made by Alparslan),

Bucailism Model, Integration Model based on

Classic Philosophy (triggered by Sayyed Hosen

Nasr), Sufism-based Integration Model (sparked by

Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas), Fiqh-based

Integration Model (Ismail Raji Faruqi), Ijmali Group

Model (Ziauddin Sardar), and the Aligargh Group

Model. Each of which has different characteristics

one another (Cobb, 2017; Iqbal, ,2017; Masood,

2017).

3.1.2 Integration Models in Indonesia

In response to the integration models in the world,

Indonesian scientists have also developed a concept

or model of integration. The model of integration

appears majority from a higher education institution,

although there are some that emerged from a figure

of observers of integration. Some models of

integration of Islam and science include;

Reintegration of Islamic Sciences (UIN Syarif

Hidayatullah Jakarta) (Mulyono, 1994), Model of

Integrated-Interconnected (UIN Sunan Kalijaga

Yogyakarta) (Anshori and Zainal Abidin, 2014),

Tree of Science (Pohon Ilmu) Model (UIN Maulana

Malik Ibrahim Malang) (Taufiqurrochman, 2010),

Wheel Model (UIN Sunan Gunung Jati) (Mulyono,

2011), Pine Tree Model (UIN Alaudin Makassar)

(Arsyad, 2011) and Twin Tower Model (UIN Sunan

Ampel Surabaya) (Muzakki, 2017). All the

integration models proposed have the same goal of

negating the dichotomy between the truth of

revelation and the truth of science.

3.1.3 Tree of Science (Pohon Ilmu) Model

(Integration Model of UIN Maulana

Malik Ibrahim Malang)

In line with all UINs in Indonesia, UIN Maulana

Malik Ibrahim Malang also seeks to eliminate the

dichotomy between Islam and science, one of which

is to develop an integrative curriculum depicted in

the Tree of Science as a metaphor that explains that

in a fertile, dense and shady tree it signifies that the

tree has a very good development. A tree that has a

strong root will make the rod stand firm. On the

other hand, with a fertile environment, strong roots

and strong stems will create good branches which in

turn will have sweet, good and healthy fruits.

(Taufiqurrahman, 2010).

The tree as mentioned above is an academic

building metaphor. The land as a place for the

growth of trees is the environment and culture that

must be maintained, preserved and fertilized

continuously (Taufiqurrahman, 2010). Because the

tree will grow well if it lies on a good soil.

Therefore, land and trees are two equally important

components, for the purpose of science to be sought

is for the welfare of mankind.

Mosque and Islamic dormitory (Ma’had) built

inside UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang aim to

create the power of culture in Islamic education

through the habituation of spiritual values and

morals to the entire academic community of UIN

Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang (Suprayogo, 2010).

Because it is not enough to learn Islam just by

reading the literature in the library or in the

laboratory, but must be perfected with real

application as implemented in Islamic dormitory.

Here is a tree of science metaphor that became

the reference model of integration developed in UIN

Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang:

Figure 1: Metaphor of Science Tree

Tree that has strong roots is surely having

sturdy stems that will continue to grow into

branches, twigs and leafy leaves. The perfect blend

and integration of roots, stems, branches, twigs and

leaves will produce sweet fruit. So is an education, if

a student has mastered the science well, then

certainly he will also be able to study the science of

religion with ease. Having enough religious

knowledge can make every student in UIN Maulana

Malik Ibrahim Malang ready to learn other sciences

according to their level of needs. The Qur'an and

Hadith are invested fundamentally to every human

being so that UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

will produce intellectual and professional scientists

Mapping out the Implementation of Science-Islam Integration on University Students’ Thesis at UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

2011-2016

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(Suprayogo, 2010) The metaphor of this tree of

knowledge is the benchmark of indicators of

integration of Islam and science in all aspects,

including the aspect of writing scientific papers both

among lecturers to students.

4 FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS

4.1 Integration Model of the

Department of Religion

4.1.1 Amt Model (Asbab Nuzul, Munasabah

Baina Suwar, Tafsir)

One of the many models that students use in the

Department of Religion is the AMT Model. This

model first tracks the cause of the existence (asbab

nuzul) of a verse that becomes the object of the

study. After the asbab nuzul was discovered, the

researcher then described the munasabah baina

suwar, which is an attempt to expose the relationship

between surah examined by preceding and after the

surah. Munasabah baina suwar looks quite shallow

that highlighted only on a few opinions from the

mufassir. There are three opinions of mufassir who

became the reference in the study, namely Ibn

Kathir, Al-Maraghy and tafsir Al-Misbah (Nurlitha,

2015).

Other studies using the AMT model also have

similar characteristics, but there are interesting

things that researchers find in some theses. One of

which that attracted the researchers attention was

the number of students who used the Indonesian

interpretation references as the main objects in the

analysis (Maulidi, 2016) on the value of Islamic

leadership contained in the story of prophet

Sulayman, surah an-naml 15- 19. The author mostly

quotes Soenardjo as the main reference of the Surah

An-Naml’s interpretation. Other commentaries such

as Al-Misbah and Ibn Kathir's commentary are only

a list of supporting references, where there are only

two or three opinions that was taken from the two

interpretations above.

Another study on the value of Islamic education

in Albaqarah Verses 30-39 (Islamiyah, 2015) also

uses a similar model to some of the previous studies,

but the interpretation is a verse-by-verse

interpretation. The weakness in this study is also

similar to previous research where the verse by verse

interpretation uses the main reference of Al Aisar

and An-Nur interpretation. The method of presenting

the data is only limited to expose the opinions of

mufassir contained in these two interpretations.

In this first model, the writers are essentially

more inclined to the presentation of data based on

the opinions of the mufassirs. The mentioning of

asbab nuzul¸ and munasabah baina suwar are only a

prelude in presenting the data.

4.1.2 AMTT Model (Asbab Nuzul,

Munasabah baina Suwar, Tahlil

Lafdzi, Tafsir)

Unlike the AMT model, this model seems to be

more profound and is used by the majority of writers

in religious majors. The depth of the AMTT model

can be seen from the exploration of lafadz analysis

of each of the surah which becomes the object of the

study that is not found in the previous model. The

AMTT model is the model that has the most in-

depth coverage among other models in the religious

department.

There are the same pattern of studying Islamic

titles by making the Qur'an as the basis of reference

(Nafisah, 2015; Sukaria, 2016; Mustofa, 2016). On

the interaction of learning between students and

teachers by reviewing al-Kahf verses 60-82, the

author makes the interpretation of Al-Maraghi, Ibn

'Assyria, As-Showi, Al-'Uthaimin and some other

interpretations as the main reference. There are also

lafadz analysis in the verses that become the object

of the study (Nafisah, 2015). Other researchers

examine letters or verses in the Qur'an by exploring

the views of the mufassir, the analysis of verses and

lafadz and preceded by an explanation for the

decline of verse and connection between letters

before and after (Sukaria, 2016; Mustofa, 2016).

The second model in student’s thesis analysis in

the religious department has only a distinction in

lafdz analysis. The rest has similarity to the first

model such as connectivity between letters and

Asbab Nuzu

4.1.3 Comparison Model of Mufassir's

Opinion

Another model in addition to the above two models

is a comparison model of two or more mufassir’s

opinion. This model is most widely used in the

faculty of Sharia. For example, the study of word

Idhrib in the Qur'an that expresses the definition of

the word according to the mafassir of the salaf (Ibn

Kathir), khalaf (al-maraghi) and contemporary (Al-

Misbah and Al-Azhar).

In addition to Haris’s writing above, Usamah

Muhammad (2015) discusses the differences of

thought between two mufassirs namely Sayyid Qutb

and Quraish Shihab on the divorce problem. The

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contents of this article is merely exploring the views

of both of the verses of divorce, such as khulu ',

tasrih and other. There is no other supporting data

that takes the opinion of other mufassirs, because the

focus of research on this paper is to refer the two

opinions of the mufassir. Here the researchers

present the picture in the article.

The models discussed above are the majority of

the integration models applied in religious majors.

One of the most visible weaknesses in the

integration model undertaken by students in

religious majors is the use of literature that the

majority refers only to the Indonesian commentary.

The lack in using the Arabic or English literature

becomes one of the characteristics of student’s thesis

writing in this research. Other finding on the thesis

in the religious department is the absence of

Qur’an’s verses or hadith in the title that has no

connection with the study of the Qur'an or Al-

Hadith.

4.2 Integration Model of Language

Department

The integration model in the department of

humanities is only a model namely; analysis of

meaning contained in the Qur'an. Analysis of

meaning here is the analysis of meaning that has

relevance to the science of literature. For example, a

study that examines the content in the Qur'an that

contains the poem along with the wazan contained in

the Surah Ash-shoffat. The wazan is analyzed in the

forms that fit the theory in the science of balaghah

(Fitriyah, 2016).

4.3 Integration Model of Social

Departments

4.3.1 Qur’an Model as Legal Basis

Several studies in this social department have made

the Qur'an as a legal basis such as, titles related to

musharaka, mudhorobah, murobahah and others.

The Qur'anic verses contained in the title as the

author intend is a verse that becomes the foundation

of the law / religious command regarding the

suggestion to carry out economic activities

according to Islamic Shari'a (Haris, 2014). Such

titles are widely reviewed by undergraduate students

in most majors within the faculty of economics. Not

only limited in that faculty, one of the majors in the

Faculty of Shari'a majoring in Business Law

Syari'ah uses Qur'anic verses as legal reinforcement

too.

The inclusion of the Qur'an as the foundation of

the law does not necessarily deny the interpretation

of the verse, but there are some studies which also

include the opinions of the related commentators of

the mufassir. The problem arises when the Qur'anic

verse used in most of the studies in this department

merely include the verse as the basis, not

accompanied by exegesis

4.3.2 The Qur'an Model as a Reinforcing

argument

The model of the Qur'an as an argument

reinforcement is found in many of the theses in this

social department. The absence of a patent

integration method makes the students do not have a

thorough study of the study of the Qur'an in the

perspective of science. Of the total of sixteen theses

in the social department, nine of them use Qur'an as

the legal basis, and seven of them are just as

argument reinforcement as the researchers have

mentioned above.

4.4 Integration Model of Science

Department

4.4.1 DKM Model (verse Detection, verse

Classification, meaning verse as

Concept)

This DKM model is a model specifically developed

in the Department of Mathematics. This DKM

model has a special step as in the thesis with the title

"Classification of Qur'anic verses that Contain

Mathematical Concepts" (Pendra, 2012). The steps

are as follows:

a) Detect and search for Qur'anic verses

containing mathematical concepts through 3

steps; using the Qur'an and its translations, the

mathematics reference book and the Qur'an

(the work of mathematics lecturer in UIN) and

the software al-mu'jam al-mufahras li alfadzil

qur'anil kariim.

b) Classify verses that contain mathematical

concepts

c) Meaning the verse in a mathematical concept

This is a step that has been developed by the

faculty and students in the mathematics department.

The step is also widely found from the titles of thesis

with the theme of the relationship between al-Qur'an

and mathematics. Furthermore, the students or

lecturers in this department develop other models as

will be explained by researcher in the next section.

Mapping out the Implementation of Science-Islam Integration on University Students’ Thesis at UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

2011-2016

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4.4.2 Inclusion of Verses and Tafseer Model

As the researchers have mentioned above that every

thesis in the department of science is required to

include verses related to the title of study. One of the

models developed in several scientific studies since

2011-2016 is the model of the inclusion of verses

and tafseer, but the inclusion of interpretations that

researchers found is merely the inclusion of one, two

to three opinions of mufassirs.

The researcher can conclude that, although this

model includes commentary, but it is just a simple

interpretation and not a deep one. For example, the

authors of the thesis about insects collect some

verses related to insects and a brief interpretation

that explains it. Another example, thesis with the

date’s theme, then the authors collect verses related

to dates along with some simple interpretation. The

researcher will show examples of inclusion of verses

and brief interpretations contained in the student's

thesis.

The simple interpretation that the researcher

intends is as illustrated by one of the above theses.

The thesis writer tries to increase the opinions of the

scholars of interpretation, but not the object of study.

The inclusion of the Qur'anic verse as a mandatory

point for all UIN students who study in science

majors make the position of verses of the Qur'an not

as an object of study, but impressed as a

complementary element. That is the reality that

researcher can find from the reading of some of the

thesis that have been reviewed.

4.4.3 Inclusion of verse Model

There is one more integration model that the

majority students use in science majors, namely the

inclusion of verses related to the title. The inclusion

of this verse is not accompanied by an interpretation

at all, as if there is a compulsory study of the

integration of the Qur'an and science only to

pinpoint the related verse so as likely to be imposed.

This is evidenced from some of the theses in the

science departments, the integration studies have no

correlation with the results or literature review. For

example, the integration study is only included in

Chapter IV, without being included in chapter II as a

literature review so it cannot be correlated. This kind

of study can be found in many of the students'

writing theses in the science department.

5 CONCLUSION

Of the various integration models contained in

the thesis of the department of religion, language,

social and science, the researcher can formulate

answers to the object of this study as follows:

In a certain level of thesis writing found in UIN

Maulana Malik Malang, it has already shown the

fruit of the science tree that became the integration

model in UIN Malang. The lack of similarity in the

pattern and the integration model in the writing of

the thesis is already almost certain from the

beginning. This is because the real science tree is not

a pattern or model that offers instructions and

practical steps for a research and thesis writing that

can be followed by students. The tree of science is

actually just a model in producing scholars who are

expected to have integrative thinking skills. The

science tree integration model works on the

infrastructure and superstructure levels. In terms of

infrastructure, the science tree of UIN Malang

provides arkanul jamiah or university pillars that

contains 9 university elements that are (1) Reliable

Human Resources, (2) Mosque, (3) Dormitory, (4)

Library, (5) Laboratory, (6) Study Room or Lecture,

(7) Office as Service Center, (8) Center for Art and

Sports Development and (9) Broad and Strong

Funding Source.

The nine elements of the campus facility are

then combined with a superstructure aspect that

contains an integration-based curriculum in the

classroom. The hope is to make education in UIN

Malang by taking metaphor of science tree, it is

expected that UIN Malang students and scholars

become a polymath that can produce integrative

thoughts and research results such as polymath

figures in the Islamic world such as Jabir Ibn

Hayyan (721-815) , Al-Khwarizmi (c 780-850), Al-

Kindi (Alkindus) (801-873), Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī

(973-1048, and Avicenna (980-1037) (Huff, 2017;

Kaliri, 2017)

Such integration will, of course, be difficult to

follow and standardize because the university is just

like providing the material solely, and the process of

how to integrate and interconnect is left to each

individual to formulate themselves. It is not an

impossibility to produce polymath scientists whose

ideas will be integralistic, but as a model to be

applied at the University, certainly the need to derive

this great narrative "tree of knowledge" to be a

practical and measurable practical step of action

have to be realized immediately so that at least the

students will get the most benefits maximally.

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So far, from the existing models of AMT model,

AMTT, comparison model of mufassir, meaning

analysis, DKM model, Paragraph and Tafseer

inclusion model, Paragraph Inclusion Model used by

students in the writing of the thesis is still limited to

interconnection. It is not yet seen as research project

which is an in-depth dig that later deconstructs

theories or scientific findings that have been

established or confirm and add existing scientific

findings

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Mapping out the Implementation of Science-Islam Integration on University Students’ Thesis at UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

2011-2016

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