Empowering People through Institutional Mosque

Syahrullah

, Jaenal Abidin

, M Abduh Almanar

and Firdaus Daus

Ph.D Student Islamic University of Jakarta. Indonesia

Islamic University of Jakarta. Indonesia

Keywords: Institutional Mosque, Mosque, Empowerment, Management

Abstract: The mosque is a central tool in increasing the values of the people who interpreted their faith through worship

ritual. The mosque not only serves as a means of fostering devotion but also become a central activity in all

areas, whether in the form of worship, education, muamalah (social and cultural) that the mosque has also

become the center of community dynamics in the order of life. The learning process people through a variety

of activities the mosque would still causes a lot of problems and away from expectations, whether it really fit

the needs or even needed another matter. Probably the learning process is not relevant to a given so it does

not become a necessity even be a pattern is wrong. Is ta'mir the mosque to evaluate the learning process in

order to know the results. In accordance with the reality of the above, the mosque into a discourse that needs

to be studied and analyzed in order to find patterns and empowerment of right with good management. It

becomes important for enhancing the pilgrims up to the demands of society more dynamics evolving in line

with the changing times.

1 INTRODUCTION

The mosque is a central tool in increasing the values

of the people who interpreted their faith through

worship ritual. The mosque not only serves as a

means of fostering devotion but also become a central

activity in all areas, whether in the form of worship,

education, muamalah (social and cultural) that the

mosque has also become the center of community

dynamics in the order of life.

Dynamism of the mosque can be obtained by

means of a mosque two aspects, namely

1. The physical aspects of the mosque

(infrastructure) and

2. Aspects of psychiatric (mental tranquility) acquired

through coaching is done mosque committee,

either in the form of religious studies and

dissemination of religious values of the

community in particular and life in general

obtained through religious guidance for the

betterment of the people.

To get a general idea of the mosque in the standard

common in the community at least three types of

mosques, namely:

1. Modern and Traditional mosques, especially

closely related to the management system

adopted by a mosque ta'mir

2. Great Mosque / Large, Medium Mosque,

hooked up with a structure that correspond to the

standard default in a particular region

3. Campus Mosque, Masjid Office, Market

Mosque etc, the meeting hooked up with the

essential requirements that must be met because

the area needed for the existence of these

facilities

Of the three typologies above, mosque management

is divided into three categories namely:

- Mosques with traditional management

pattern, with low human resources, having a

family endowment, so that the management,

development and coaching people just boils

down to family level

- Mosque with good management, the

Management of modern management of

qualified human resources, such as the

campus mosque, offices, markets, etc.

- Mosque with good management but do not

have a fixed member and pilgrims. It covers

all existing mosques in Indonesia so difficult

coaching is done primarily to accommodate

funds and activities especially for trace

834

Syahrullah, ., Abidin, J., Almanar, M. and Daus, F.

Empowering People through Institutional Mosque.

DOI: 10.5220/0009918308340841

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Recent Innovations (ICRI 2018), pages 834-841

ISBN: 978-989-758-458-9

levels of ability pilgrims on the economy,

power, intellect and funds

The learning process people through a variety of

activities the mosque would still causes a lot of

problems and away from expectations, whether it

really fit the needs or even needed another matter.

Probably learning process is not relevant to a given so

it does not become a necessity even be a pattern is

wrong. Is ta'mir the mosque to evaluate the learning

process in order to know the results.

In accordance with the reality of the above, the

mosque into a discourse that needs to be studied and

analyzed in order to found patterns and empowerment

of right with good management. It becomes important

for enhancing the pilgrims up to the demands of

society ma dynamics evolving in line with the

changing times.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Reader Review

The mosque is derived from the Arabic word meaning

sajada prostration. Said the mosque shows that the

name of a place of prostration. (Al-Munawir, 1984:

610). Sidi Gazalba asserts that "as ma'na Mosque or

Masjid meaning darai sense of the word mosque itself

is a place of prostration" (Gazalba, 1989: 126). Natsir

Zubaidi in Voice Mosque explains that "for Muslims

themselves mosque is the first institution built

Rosululloh in implementing the basics of the

doctrine, especially in the period of Medina is Quba

mosque on the 12th of Rabi al-Awwal Year I Hijrah"

(Zubaidhi Natsir, 1989: 50).

From some of the above it is clear that the mosque has

a sense indication that aims to devotion to the Lord's

servant. In a broad sense Implemantasi prostration not

only give meaning to their daily prayer spirituality but

must dibaren gi with societal value (hablum minallah

and hablumminannas).

2.2 Role and Functions of Mosque

The mosque has a role and a very important

function in fostering the values of faith the people,

especially in relation to the value ketaqwaaan against

his Maker. The role and function is not only to stop

the formation of individual values of faith, but also a

social value should always be formed in each of the

dynamic life. For that optimize the function of the

mosque is to function as well as possible in a very

broad sense not only a mere ritual worship (prayer),

but optimized its roles and functions and should

always be based on the basis of taqwa,

Miftah Farid insists that:

"Mosques in the Islamic civilization is not just a place

of religious and cultural activities but an institutional

arrangement through which communities and

families coaching beings Muslims and Islamic

civilization" (MiftahFarid, 1997: 205)

H. Ahmad Yani insists there 9 function of the mosque

were done during Rasullullah:

1. Place of worship

2. Rendezvous

3. places for deliberation

4. Shelter

5. Points social activities

6. Spot treatment of the sick

7. The place is set and the tactics of war

8. Spot lighting and madrasah science

9. Points Da'wah (Ahmad Yani, 2000: 13-23)

Quraish Shihab explains in his book Insight Qur'an

that history has recorded no less than 10 roles have

been assumed by the Prophet's Mosque, namely:

1. The place of worship

2. The place of consultation and

communication (economic, social,

cultural)

3. The place of education

4. A social compensation

5. Military training and preparation of the

tools

6. Spot treatment of war victims

7. Place of peace and a court dispute

8. Hall and a place to receive guests

9. Captivating places prisoners

10. The information center or the defense of

religion (Quraish Shihab, 1996: 426)

Further Shihab added that the success of the

Prophet develop his people due to:

1. Society there still cling to values, norms and

religious life

2. The ability of the builder-builder mosque

linking social conditions and needs of the

community with a description and the

mosque's activities

3. Manifestations of government implemented

in the mosque, both individuals who become

priests government leaders and indoors

mosque was used as a place government

activity and deliberation

(QuraishShihab, 1998: 20)

Empowering People through Institutional Mosque

835

In the history of proselytizing Rasullullah,

especially in the period of Medina, the

existence of the mosque is not only utilized

as a center of worship that are mahdhah but

also have a role as:

a. In an emergency, after reaching the

destination hijra in Medina, he instead set up

a fortress to guard against possible attacks

by the enemy but to first build a mosque

b. Islam is the Hijri calendar starts with

education first mosque, which is on the 12th

of RabiulAwal, the beginning of next Hijri

year selanjut fall on 1 Muharram

c. Islam in Mecca and in Medina grow growing

Islamic religion, In the first period or periods

Makiyyah, the Prophet taught the basics of

religion. Entering the second period or

periods Madaniyah, Rasulluloh saw marks

the boundary to build a mosque.

d. Bond linking the mosque consisting of a

group of people Emigrants and Helpers with

a foundation of faith in God and

e. The mosque was founded by people fearing

worked together for the common good (E.

Ayub et al, 1996: 10)

This role continues in the direction of the

development of proselytizing Rasullullah saw and its

dynamics run in line with the function of the mosque

by not only as an implementation mahdah worship

but also serves as:

1. The mosque is a place of worship and get

closer Muslims closer to Allah SWT

2. Mosque is the Muslims ber'itikaf, self-

cleaning, inner guide to develop awareness

and gain experience of inner / religious so it

always maintained the balance of soul and

araga and the wholeness of personality

3. Mosque is the Muslims place consulted in

order to discuss out issues that arise in the

community

4. Mosque is the Muslims consulted, filed

difficulties, ask for help and assistance

5. Mosque is the place to build the integrity of

the bond pilgrims and cooperativeness in

realizing common prosperity

6. Mosque with ta'lim majlis is a vehicle for

increasing intelligence and knowledge of

Muslims

7. the mosque is a place guide and

development leading cadres race

8. mosque where fundraising, storing, and

distributing it, and

9. the mosque is a place of social regulation

and supervision

(E.Ayub et al, 1996: 8)

The above description shows that in the past

Rasullullah mosque has been functioning and

efficient in building a community of people.

2.3 Pattern Empowerment

Empowerment has the root word of "power" means

the power, influence. PE prefix and suffix an-

formations make the word "power" to the

empowerment that has significance influence, giving

power (Poerwadarminta, 2002: 233). Thus

empowerment is an attempt to give an influence on

others.

2.4 Definition of Management

Management of the terms of the etymologically

derived from the word manage, which means driving,

govern, lead and can also be interpreted simply as

maintenance. In this case, what is meant by the

management is the maintenance or setting or lead or

guide others in order to achieve a particular goal

(Abdulsyani, 1987: 1)

Manulang asserts that the term management contains

three terms, the first, management as a process;

second, management as a collectivity of people who

perform management activities, and third, the

management as an art and as a science (Manulang,

1996: 14)

Management is only a means to achieve the

desired aim. Accordingly, the Management had to do

as best as possible to achieve the expected results. To

that should be done is pay attention to the elements of

management consisting of 6 M ie; Man. Money,

Methods, Machines, Materials and Market.

George R.Terry in his Prinsiples of Management as

quoted Sardjana gives the following definition:

"Management is a distinct process consisting of

planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling,

each utilizing in both science and art Followed in

order to Accomplish predetermined objectives"

"Management is a process that discriminate on the

planning, organizing, implementation and

monitoring, by utilizing both a science and an art, in

order to achieve predetermined objectives" (Sardjana,

1984: 6)

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In English, the term synonymous with managing

management. In Indonesia, said management

(English) is translated into a variety of terms:

1. Arrangement

2. Management

3. Management

4. Leadership

5. Guiding

6. Development

7. Management

8. Handling (E.Ayub, 1996: 33)

Thus, to get the most necessary good management,

innovative and dynamic.

2.5 Management Functions

Henry Fayor, industrialists France as a pioneer of the

functional approach, as quoted Muchtarum offers five

functions of management, which is also the sequence

of process management implementation, namely

planning (planning), organizing(organizing),

command (command), coordination (coordination)

and control (supervision) , Five function is the

determining factor in the execution of management

regardless of whatever is the purpose of an

organization (Muchtarom, 1982: 38). Opinion was

developed by the management guru eight functions,

namely:

1. Planning (planning) as the formulation of

future action directed toward goals to be

achieved by the organization

2. Decision making (decision-making) as a

manager step wise to choose a variety of

alternative measures that might be taken

3. Organizing (organization) as a bid to

consider about the organizational

structure, division of labor,

implementation procedures, the division of

responsibilities and others which if done

carefully will ensure efficient use of labor

4. Staffing (staffing) which starts from

recruitment, placement and training for

workforce development for the progress of

the organization

5. Communicating (communication) is an

activity manager communicates with all

elements in the organization so that the

command and the flow of information and

feedback can run smoothly how come

expected

6. Motivating (motivating) is to give

encouragement to workers to achieve

common goals by meeting their needs and

expectations and reward.

7. Leading (lead) that is lead by an inspiring

so management responsive and able to

adjust with the guidance of the state

8. Controlling (monitoring) ie when the

manager compares the actual results with

the expected results he was in control right

track. The deviation shall be a preparation

for future planning (Muhtarom, 1993: 39)

GR Terry in his Principle Management translated by

Winardi Management Principles fourth integrate

management functions into four things:

1. Planning (Planning)

2. Organizing (Organizing)

3. Actuating (scaling Implementation)

4. Controlling (Monitoring)

(Terry, 1990: 27)

Some of the above may be the part that

caused an atmosphere organization management at

the mosque in a sense less conducive to management

mosque has not been fully implemented well.

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Restrictions and Formulation

Problems

Discussion limited to the discovery of an

empowerment strategy pilgrims with management

pattern applied so that improvements and repairs as

well as the interaction patterns pilgrims can be

accommodated as needed and present.

2 mosques in Jakarta targeted research is Mosque

Sunda Kelapa assuming pilgrims representing the

upper middle and the Istiqlal Mosque that represent

all elements of pilgrims. Both can be a design model

that can be skipped (same characteristics) to other

mosques.

Based on the existing problems, the problems can

be formulated as follows:

a. What efforts are being made to enable the

ta'mir mosque and empower congregations?

b. What kind of management system applied

Sunda Kelapa mosque in coaching and the

Istiqlal mosque worshipers?

3.2 Objectives and Benefits of Research

This study aims to look at the empirical reality of the

implementation of the mosque with management that

does dal am empowering worshipers using SWOT

analysts.

Empowering People through Institutional Mosque

837

The its usefulness are able to find the mosque's

congregation empowerment strategies are appropriate

at the same mosque designs which can be skipped in

Jakarta with various shades and shapes. The study and

studies conducted by interdisciplinary scientific

approach to religion, sociology, and cultural basis

comprehensive.

3.3 Research Methods

This research is descriptive analysis, meaning that the

data obtained will be reviewed and analyzed and

commented on the findings in the field. This research

is qualitative with the data source literature and field

research. Results of the research were studied and

analyzed based on the findings of the study obtained

data while the other supporting documentation can be

obtained from the data contained in the study site with

ethnographic approach.

4 RESULTS

4.1 Strategic Environmental Analysis

Sunda Kelapa Mosque and Istiqlal

Study analysis of data is done by focusing on four

components, namely TOWS Analysis is Threats,

Opportunities, Weaknesses, and Strengths. With more

with SWOT analysis.

As the stages of a strategic planning process,

according to Morrisey based on a strategic thinking,

which is a coordination of creative thoughts into a

common perspective that allows organizations to step

into the future with an attitude to meet the needs of all

interested parties. In this context, the TOWS or

SWOT analysis is inseparable from the process of

formulation of the vision, mission, and values as

described above. (Morriesy, 1997: 2).

4.2 Analysis of External Environment

4.2.1 Opportunities (Opportunities)

Opportunities and the chance to bring the mosque

according to demand needs to be done

programmatically and planned. It is therefore

necessary to do a good performance for the

realization. Opportunities may include:

a. Intertwined extensive cooperation

b. The development of a new vision and

paradigm of management of mosques and

preaching

c. Recognition of pilgrims and stakeholders

d. The rapid development of information

technology

4.2.2 Threats (Threats)

The threat of being part remains to be taken to ensure

that all activities are planned program seeks to

anticipate the threats they are conducive in. Such

threats include: the domestic political instability

caused by the unfavorable climate empowerment and

sharpening of the socio-economic gap.

In terms of socio-economic phenomenon arose gap

increasingly sharpened group again people who live

in urban areas. The gap is seen in everyday life as a

result of a weak commitment from the leaders of the

communities in the underdeveloped region.

4.3 Internal Environment Analysis

4.3.1 Forces (Strengths)

Strength is an asset that needs to be maintained and

even improved, so that became the backbone force

capable of providing the excesses of reality programs.

These forces include:

a. The availability of sufficient number of

human resources

b. Pilgrims

c. Cooperation Network

d. Experience

e. HR Support

f. Having success story in da'wah

The strengths of both mosques are different but have

the particularity of each as a force.

4.3.2 Weaknesses

Weakness should not be a burden but sought a

solution and anticipation laneways face. In Among

the weaknesses that need to be considered include:

a. organizational changes

b. An organizational culture that is not

conducive

c. Discipline managerial still low

d. Low productivity

e. Strategy formulation is still focused

f. Addiction is still great

In terms of financing, budgeting power to a

centralized government and pilgrims resulted in

dynamics and innovation and completion of work is

highly dependent on the government and the pilgrims

as they relate to inventory logistics and raw materials

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that can only be met by the government or the

congregation.

4.4 Strategic Issues

On the basis of SWOT / TOWS analysis, then

according to Bryson subsequently be analyzed

strategic issues, which later as the basis for the

formulation of a more focused strategy. After

studying the weaknesses and strengths as well as

opportunities and threats of the two mosques,

identified three strategic issues (strategic issues)

within the scope of control of the organization in

accordance with the mandate of its mission. that is:

(1) Development cooperation

(2) Accelerate Restructuring

(3) Improve human resource capacity (Brison,

1991: 55)

4.5 Formulation Strategies, Policies

and Program Highlights

Levinson warned that openness to change and their

ideas u bar is a decisive factor for the success of

individuals and organizations. Therefore, Levinson

also confirmed matters related to the formulation of

future strategy, in order to choose the device (tools)

managerial or organizational appropriate to the

situation. (Levinson, 1994: 56-57).

Based on this selection strategy can then be analyzed

several policies both mosques as the basis of

preparation of the programs.

.5.1 Formulation Strategies

a) Alternative Strategies

In accordance with the three strategic

issues as elaborated and attention attached

SWOT matrix, can be formulated four alternative

strategies:

1) SO strategies, take advantage of the

opportunities (opportunities) of the external

optimally using the strengths (strengths)

owned mosque.

2) WO strategy, utilizing external opportunities

exist to overcome those weaknesses

(weaknesses) in the mosque;

3) ST strategy, utilizing the strengths possessed

mosque to confront threats (threats) that

could cause the failure of achieving the

mission.

4) WT strategies, temporarily stand by waiting

for the situation to be obtained outside

opportunities while improving weaknesses

within the limits of the organization.

4.5.2 Criteria for the Selection of Strategies

The next of these alternatives have been selected

based on criteria as follows:

(1) The multiplier effect for the

accomplishment of the mission.

(2) Realistically technically, the momentum of

time and costs

(3) Estimated to elicit a response and the

support of stakeholders.

(4) Constraints / obstacles in the

implementation

(5) Compliance with the rules and policies of

the mosque / management.

Technical calculations done by weighting (scoring)

based on these criteria, for later use determine the

chosen strategy.

a) Selected Strategy

(1) Revitalization Services pilgrims

(2) Include: an increase in the ability of

employees, improved guidelines and

supporting instruments, dissemination and

application supervision.

(3) The reorientation of Empowerment

(4) Acceleration range empowerment

(5) Socialization intensive motto philosophy

mosque

a. Includes: awareness and demand

creation for cooperation,

development of interaction

management approach in the

service of pilgrims, and

completeness of the supporting

device.

b. Optimization of networking and the

development of innovation.

b) Policy

(1) Establish Strategic Plan mosque to serve as

the basis, a reference and guide all

employees in carrying out its duties and

functions.

(2) Do a review and improvement of all devices

/ instruments customer service in accordance

with the strategic plan.

(3) Comprehensively implement the five

strategies while considering the

development of situations and

environmental conditions organizations

Empowering People through Institutional Mosque

839

(4) Outlining the strategic plan into the next

stage (implementation and control)

operationally and realistic, which must be

understood in the whole level

c) Main program

(1) Preparation of "Guidelines services

and empowerment pilgrims Based

Needs";

(2) Facilitating dissemination of

guidelines for employees of the

mosque;

(3) Preparation of Application Module

with paradigm of community

empowerment;

(4) Implementation of Training and

Supervision Application preaching a

new paradigm;

(5) Preparation of priority development

projects of the mosque;

(6) Interaction Management Training

Services pilgrims;

(7) Studies of innovation and policy

development;

(8) Annual Monitoring and Evaluation;

(9) Journal Publishing Empowerment

pilgrims

The next step is to develop an implementation plan

and monitoring and evaluation strategy that does not

need to be addressed in the analysis of this strategic

planning, in accordance with the scope of this paper.

5 CONCLUSION

Based on study results and analysis obtained it can

be concluded some of the following:

1. Efforts have been made both parties Ta'mir

Sunda Kelapa Mosque Mosque or Masjid

Istiqlal party actually been able to empower

congregations functioning and especially in

the religious perspective. For perceptive

economic and social differences mean

between two mosques, especially the role of

the Istiqlal Mosque which serves as a mosque

states that the role played tend to be on the role

of the symbols that are national and remain

under the guidance and direction of the

Government so that there is a limit of motion

but not to curb it still has a chance only in a

broader scope as to the economic sphere;

Festival Istiqlal and the echo national role also

internationally also disaster relief and other

social action. Interaction pilgrims through the

Istiqlal Mosque looks pretty good with take

part worshipers on any activities organized

both are incidental, routine as well as national

and activities that enthusiastic on certain

activities that are the symbols and broadcast

across the Earth Indonesia such activities

Islamic holidays, Tabliq Akbar and Routine

monthly recitals under the guidance KH.

Gimnastyar which is currently popular in the

community with his heart Management.

Special Sunda Kelapa Mosque more

interactive, especially for the scope of the

economy moving actively through the Baitul

Mal WaTamwil that time has trained more

than 800 merchants from the surrounding

region and to the scope of social looks with

activities stunts performed either through

Youth Sunda Kelapa Mosque and social

action more both in Jakarta and other areas

outside. While many worshipers activities

conducted through other activities incidental

as last year's floods with social action.

Routine activities with lectures Duha and pray

the rosary under the guidance Mursid every

first Friday at the beginning of the month as

well as activity in the form of social activities,

economic and religious marginalization by

the event-driven creativity Ramadan Sunda

Kelapa Mosque and Sunda Kelapa Mosque

Youth involving sponsorship and the

generous to support the project and the whole

congregation can engage directly with these

activities during the month of Ramadan.

2. Management system implemented at the

Istiqlal Mosque tend to the direct supervision

provided by the Government in this case the

Ministry of Religious Affairs and Ministry of

Home Affairs but that does not mean

the motion and move the mosque Tamir

restricted to performing other actions

precisely during these activities take place in

the corridors of the symbols of Islam and

within the scope of local and national fixed

given the opportunity. POAC system takes

place in accordance with the role and function

of a given but the role of top-down policy does

not become an absolute decision to be

implemented even if there is contribution and

thinking through the button up the extent of

the positive corridor still get a good reception

especially coming from pilgrims. SWOT

analysis remains also a reference to the

dynamic activity of the Istiqlal Mosque in

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coaching activities pilgrims especially the

role of the National owned by the institute.

Thus all of activity must be grounded in

Indonesia, especially for all Muslim

communities in all corners of the country.

For the Sunda Kelapa Mosque applied management

systems more open look it looks at the role and

functions provided in full to the Office MASK with a

variety of activities that remain within the rules of

organization of the Board Ta'mir MASK especially in

coaching worshipers. Working system applied in

coaching board and congregation refers to a pattern

of work top down and button up that aims to achieve

the dynamic work by respecting the brainstorming,

criticism and input from any party except the pilgrims

with restrictions do not have a goal to build a good

working system. AD and ART, Vision and Mission

MASK be the main reference motion of the

organization to achieve the expected goals.

Management system within the scope of the POAC

conducted MASK in the concept level already

reached the level of an ideal, but in the sphere of

realization still need to be evaluated in order to

culture and work system that can run in line with the

objectives to be achieved and expected because the

evaluation system is great tips to improve quality

working for any organization that wants an increase

and progress.

Based on the findings and analysis obtained

herewith submitted suggestions aimed at the

improvement and advancement:

1. To MASK and the Istiqlal Mosque would be

the empowerment of the pilgrims towards

the improvement of human resources is to

increase the pattern religious intellectual and

religious attitude is good and right.

2. Pattern faith treatments should always be

done by the MASK and the Istiqlal Mosque

with various religious activities conducive to

the pilgrims really in ayoman coaching

religious values and moves in the corridors

of faith and taqwa

3. Management system applied by MASK and

the Istiqlal Mosque would always be

evaluated periodically, especially in

coaching pilgrims so you can find tips

sharpshooter in coaching pilgrims especially

in order to worshipers can engage directly

with a variety of religious activities that are

based on self-awareness to increase science

and knowledge

4. Management system that is open in the sense

of getting false advice, suggestions and

constructive criticism is needed by the

MASK and the Istiqlal Mosque, especially

in coaching pilgrims

5. Coaching aspect within the scope of the

economic, social and religious conducted by

the MASK and the Istiqlal Mosque would

need to be developed and carried out

continuous evaluation

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