Lexical Relations Mapping in the Al-Quran and Its Translation into

Indonesian Language

Nur Hizbullah

and Afdol Tharik Wastono

Linguistics Department, University of Indonesia, Indonesia

Keywords: Lexical relations, Al-Quran translation, Indonesian translation

Abstract: Lexical relation is a frequent and common phenomenon occurring in many languages including Arabic.

Diverse forms of lexical relation can be found in various texts and discourses, both oral and written. Lexical

relation is actually one of the characteristics of vocabulary richness of a language. However, when a number

of related words in a language are translated into another language, quite complex problem oftentimes

appears. As a religious text using Arabic, Al-Quran also includes a number of inter-relating words. In the

context of translation of Al-Quran into Indonesian language, it is necessary to have a comprehensive

identification on lexical relations existing in the Al-Quran along with its translation in Indonesian language.

This data is very important as the main source for research on lexical relations in the Al-Quran and its

translation into Indonesian language. This study aims to describe the importance of data map on lexical

relations in the Al-Quran comprehensively in the context of Al-Quran translation into Indonesian language.

This study will analyze several sources or literatures concerning lexical relations in the Al-Quran in Arabic

and non-Arabic languages descriptively and comparatively. The result of this study reveals that a great

number of sources and literatures which contain and study lexical relations in the Al-Quran or its translation

into non-Arabic languages do not as yet comprehensively identify lexical relations along with its translation

into non-Arabic languages. In the context of translation of Al-Quran into Indonesian language, this study

encourages comprehensive mapping of lexical relations in the Al-Quran and identification of its translation.

Such mapping is expected to further describe various problems that may appear and may be further studied

in order to produce good and accurate translation of Al-Quran in Indonesian language.

1 INTRODUCTION

One of the phenomena that are commonly found in

many languages in the world is relations between

words. This phenomenon is the consequence of

dynamics within a culture or language. In the day-to-

day communication, both oral and written, it is

common to find a number of inter-relating words. In

the linguistic context, this phenomenon is referred to

as meaning relation or lexical relation. According to

Saeed, a number of words in a language can relate to

form a “network” and can be organized into a lexical

field. Further, Saeed (2003) mentions eight types of

lexical relations, namely homonymy, polysemy,

synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy, meronymy,

member-group relation, and measurement-unit

relation.

As for other world languages, Arabic also

acknowledges types of relation in various discourses

and texts, including in the religious discourse and

texts such as the Al-Quran. For example, one

popular lexical relation phenomenon that attracts the

researchers to study is synonymy. A number of

Arabic linguists have studied it since centuries ago

and their works continue to serve as reference up to

the present. Their literature works are usually in the

form of thesaurus or dictionaries which identify

synonymous words and describe their meaning

specifically to explain the differences or similarities

between synonymous words. In addition to such

works, there are also many descriptive studies on the

phenomenon of synonymy in the Al-Quran and

comparative and contrastive studies in relation to

meaning or translation in non-Arabic languages. As

from synonymy, other lexical relations that are also

studied by many are the phenomenon of antonymy,

homonymy, and polysemy. The existence of such

works and literatures is very helpful for Arabic

speakers in understanding the phenomenon of

lexical relation in the holy book of Al-Quran.

However, when Al-Quran is translated into non-

Arabic languages, the experts often find problems in

translating those related words.

Hizbullah, N. and Wastono, A.

Lexical Relations Mapping in the Al-Quran and Its Translation into Indonesian Language.

DOI: 10.5220/0009912400050011

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Recent Innovations (ICRI 2018), pages 5-11

ISBN: 978-989-758-458-9

We gratefully acknowledge financial support

from the Directorate of Research and Public Service,

University of Indonesia.

From a number of problems in the translation of

Al-Quran into non-Arabic languages, Kardimin

mentioned that the underlying problem is perception

toward the sacredness of Al-Quran texts as religious

texts, hence treatment of Al-Quran texts is different

from treatment of other texts. Consequently, the

meaning of each aspect in the Al-Quran texts is also

sacred because they are deemed representing the

normative values that must be understood and

practiced as such. Therefore, the translation process

of religious texts must maintain the sacredness of the

texts and meanings that they have (Kardimin, 2013).

This is inseparable from the fact that Al-Quran is the

words of Allah and the Arabic used in the Al-Quran

is of the highest and typical kind, different from the

Arabic dialects known and popularly used by their

speakers. Therefore, it is not easy to transfer the

content of Al-Quran into other languages

considering various limitations faced by the

translators (Khalaf and Yusoff, 2006). Aside from

the issue of sacredness of the texts and their

meanings, according to Ushama, the problems faced

by the translators of religious texts in Arabic, in this

case Quranic Arabic, and non-Arabic languages are

among others equivalency of words between the two

languages, difference in the grammatical system,

and language style (Ushama, 2011). Furthermore,

the mapping of linguistic issues in the translation of

Al-Quran into English, for example, covers the issue

of lexicon, syntax, semantics, metaphor, metonymy,

ellipsis, and polysemy (Ali et al., 2012).

Based on mapping of the above problem, a

number of Arabic linguists and Al-Quran

interpreters attempt to study parts of a lexical

relation in more detailed. In the lexical and semantic

fields, for example, a number of Arabic linguists

discuss specifically in their works the phenomenon

of synonymy in the Al-Quran. However, each of

them uses different approaches and their data

coverage still needs to be reviewed. The same is true

for reviews in other topics such as antonymy and so

forth. On the other hand, in line with increased

number of translation works of Al-Quran into non-

Arabic languages, some researchers specially study

the phenomenon of lexical relations in the Al-Quran

and its translation in non-Arabic languages, whether

descriptively on a translation work, or comparatively

on a number of translation works. In general, the

researchers only focus on a group of words in a

certain lexical relation to be studied and there is no

as yet specific study on the lexical relation map of

all words in the Al-Quran and its translation in non-

Arabic languages.

Based on observation on a number of literatures

and previous studies, apparently there is difference

in data on each study carried out by experts.

Although such work is very important for studies on

lexical relations, the existence of comprehensive and

complete data on lexical relations is important,

especially in the context of translation of Al-Quran

into non-Arabic languages. As there are many types

of lexical relation, we need to have at least complete

data on Al-Quran words in the context of semantic

relation, synonymy, antonymy, homonymy and

polysemy. This study intends to assert the

assumption that we need to have a complete

collection of Al-Quran words in various lexical

relations along with its translation in non-Arabic

languages. In the context of Al-Quran translation

into Indonesian language, the existence of such data

is very important as the basis for studies, assessment

or improvement of the quality of Al-Quran

translation in Indonesian language.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

The literatures and previous studies on lexical

relations in the Al-Quran and its translation in non-

Arabic languages to be reviewed in this study are

divided into three groups: the first group consisting

of monolingual Arabic dictionary on lexical

relations in the Al-Quran, and Arabic, English, and

Urdu language thesaurus on synonymy in the Al-

Quran; the second group containing a number of

research in Arabic on lexical relations in the Al-

Quran; the third group containing a number of

research on lexical relations in the Al-Quran and its

translation in non-Arabic languages — in this matter

English is limited as example.

One of the most renowned classical works from

large number of literatures in the first group is the

work by Al-‘Askari on Al-Furūq Al-Lugawiyyah or

‘Language Distinction’. This work by one of famous

Arabic linguists in the 4th H century (11 AD)

contains list of synonymous words in Arabic. Al-

‘Askari divided the list of synonymous words into

30 varied classes (Askari, 1997). A similar work

from modern Arabic linguists is Mu’jam Al-Furūq

Al-Dalāliyyah fī Al-Qur’ān Al-Karīm ‘Dictionary of

Difference of Meanings in the Al-Quran’ by Daud

(Daud, 2008). As for Al-‘Askari, Daud compiled a

number of synonymous words, but only those

existing in the Al-Quran— unlike the work of Al-

‘Askari which covers Al-Quran and other sources,

ICRI 2018 - International Conference Recent Innovation

based on the order of Arabic letters and then discus

the meaning of each word lexically or contextually.

In addition to dictionaries and thesaurus on

synonymy, other dictionaries are on synonymy and

antonymy by Umar et al. (2000). Different from the

previous works, Umar’s works contain list of

synonymous and antonymous words divided based

on certain semantic fields. Other works which

include list of synonymy in the Al-Quran and its

translation in English are written by Ghali (2003)

Al-Mutarādifāt fī Al-Qur’ān Al-Majīd ‘Synonyms in

The Ever-Glorious Qur’an’. Ghali prepared a kind of

thesaurus on synonymy in the Al-Quran arranged

alphabetically like dictionary and include its

translation in English quoted from one of Al-Quran

translations in English The Ever-Glorious Qur’an

(Ghali, 2003). There is an interesting finding in this

group namely dictionary of synonymy in the Al-

Quran and its translation in Urdu language.

Synonymous words are prepared alphabetically

along with derivative words from each phrase

included. There is no information as to the total

number of words collected and classification of their

synonyms in this work (Kaylani, 2009).

The second group, studies in Arabic on lexical

relations in the Al-Quran generally still focus on

synonym relations. Al-Doori applies the contextual

approach in studying a number of groups of

synonymous words in the Al-Quran (2005).

Meanwhile Naim studied particularly and limitedly a

number of synonymous words which mean “heaven”

with the approach of contextual interpretation

referring to the interpretation works of classical

ulemas (Naim, 2011). Other studies were performed

in series by Al-Monajjed. With regard to synonymy

in the Al-Quran, Al-Monajjed used the approach

almost similar to Naim (2011) in analyzing words in

a quite broad variation by making use the

elucidation of classical interpretation added with

synonymy dictionary prepared by classical ulemas

(Al-Monajjed, 2011). Not only synonymy, Al-

Monajjed also studied in his serial of works

polysemy and antonimy. With regard to polysemy,

Al-Monajjed refers to a number of previous

literatures on polysemy in Arabic and then focused

his study on the phenomena of polysemy in the Al-

Quran on several words (Al-Monajjed, 1999).

Similar step was taken by Al-Monajjed in studying

antonymy in his serial of three books on lexical

relations in the Al-Quran. However, Al-Monajjed

was not too clear in linking antonymy with

synonymy in identifying the difference between

lexical and contextual meanings between the two

relations (Al-Monajjed, 2007).

The literature for the third group that is the

object of this study is the study on lexical relations

in the Al-Quran and its translation in non-Arabic

languages, in this case English. In a general

framework, Ali (et al.) portrays several linguistic

problems in the translation of lexical relations in the

Al-Quran into English, including among others the

problem of elliptic and metaphoric translations (Ali

et al., 2012). The data corpus for his study is taken

from the English translation of the Al-Quran by

Arberry (1982). This study by Ali (et al.) can serve

as a general framework for further identification in

other studies among others the study by El-Hadary

(2008) who studied among others the aspects of

synonymy, metonymy, and homonymy (El-Hadary.

2008), then the study by Brakhw (2014) on 24

meaning ambiguities from 12 polysemous words in

the Al-Quran (Brakhw, 2014), and the comparative

study by Al-Jabri (2012) which specially discuses

the lexical synonym of the word “frightened” in the

Al-Quran and its translation in English version of

the three translation by Ali, Pickthall, Shakir (Al-

Jabri, 2012). Other study related to lexical relations

was performed by Rasekh (et al.) on one of

homonymous cases in the Al-Quran in the word ﺩﺎﺴﻓ

/fasād/ which is assumed to be ambiguous in

meaning and its accurate translation in English

(Rasekh et al., 2012). Studies on Al-Quran

translation which involved lexical relations in the

work of Abdelaal and Rashid identified “lost

translations” or semantic loss in several cases of

word and expression translation (Abdelaal and

Rashid, 2015).

Although varied in objects and focus, the

literature and previous studies did not refer to a

complete collection in the form of adequate

dictionary or thesaurus on lexical relations in the Al-

Quran, particularly when linked to translation of

holy books into non-Arabic languages. If any,

dictionaries and thesaurus on synonymy in the Al-

Quran and its English translation needs to be

reviewed by doing cross reference to other

dictionaries which also include similar contents.

This fact at least indicates the importance of

existence of a work that includes complete map on

words that have lexical relations in the Al-Quran

which translation to Indonesian language and other

word languages will be afterward identified.

3 METHODS

This is a library research using quantitative and

qualitative approaches. The method used in this

Lexical Relations Mapping in the Al-Quran and Its Translation into Indonesian Language

research is descriptive-analytical method and

comparative method. The data source for this

research is several literatures on vocabulary in the

Al-Quran in relation to lexical relations, synonymy,

antonimy, homonymy, and polysemy. In each

literature, there identified several groups of lexical

relations in the Al-Quran and several words in each

lexical relation group. Such finding is further

discussed quantitatively and descriptively. In the

subsequent step, this research conducted descriptive

and comparative analysis of those literatures along

with the lexical groups and vocabulary words that

are members of the respective groups. In this step,

the coverage of identification of each literature is

analyzed against the lexical relation map in the Al-

Quran, and also the number of words that are related

in each category of lexical relation and description

of differences indicated in each literature. This

analysis is expected to give an insight and

preliminary conclusion on the number of words

contained and whether they have covered all

vocabulary words that have a certain relation from

among the four types of lexical relations reviewed.

To identify fundamental problems that are

generally found in studies on lexical relation

translation in the Al-Quran, this research is to

describe several partial samples in the lexical

relation data studied in a number of previous

researches. Subsequently, comparison is made to

identify the extent of coverage or limitations of each

research along with identification of problems in

translation of lexical relations into non-Arabic

languages, in this case English. This description is

expected to serve as reference for identification of

potential problems in translation of the Al-Quran

into Indonesian language.

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In the literature of the first group, the work of Al-

‘Askari (1997) represents the most renowned

classical work on synonymy relation in Arabic

language as a whole, not only the Al-Quran. The

synonymous words included by Al-‘Askari cover

five aspects, namely (1) Arabic local dialects, (2)

classical time words, (3) words with denotative and

connotative meanings, (4) words of original Arabic

and absorbed words, and (5) words that undergo

change in the meaning across time (Askari, 1997). In

term of content, Al-‘Askari divides its classification

into 29 chapters in certain contexts or assumed

lexical fields, added with one initial chapter

containing explanation on the phenomenon of

synonymy in Arabic language and Al-‘Askari’s

conceptualization on synonymy. Each of the content

chapters includes lexical explanation on units of

synonymous words such as the words “send” and

“assign” and the word “Nabi” and “Rasul” (Askari,

1997). Although the work of Al-‘Askari is general in

nature in the context of Arabic language, at least the

collection of words prepared by Al-‘Askari is still

important as reference and initial basis for

identification on synonymy in the Al-Quran and at

the same time represents the concept of word

meaning in the classical time. Works of this kind

from the modern period is the work by Daud (2008).

Unlike Al-‘Askari, Daud only includes synonymy

existing in the Al-Quran. Daud divides collection of

words into three levels, namely (1) word class, (2)

pattern of close morphology-derivatives, and (3)

collocational phrases. This makes classification of

synonymy more detailed. The content of Daud’s

work is arranged as for dictionary which includes

alphabetical list of words. In term of content,

compared to Al-‘Askari’ works, Daud’s works do

not discuss meaning of words based on certain

lexical units as done by Al-‘Askari. However, Daud

first classified synonymous words in 135 groups all

of which contain 512 words plus 350 sentences

containing collocations (Daud, 2008). In explaining

synonyms, Daud did not only set lexical meaning by

referring to a number of classical literatures, but also

sharpen his description by elaborating the

similarities and differences in detail of each word by

observing the context of the sentence or verses

which contain synonymous words. This step is

important for the efforts of formulating complete

meaning of synonymous words, especially in the

context of translating words into non-Arabic

languages. In addition to the two works that discuss

synonymy, Umar (et al.) discussed the relation of

synonymy, antonymy, and classification of lexical

field in one dictionary. Umar pointed out that this

work is the first in the history and realm of Arabic

linguistics which include classification of lexical

field in Arabic language. Outstandingly, there are

1,851 lexical fields. All the lexical fields include

34,530 words or phrases that have synonym or

antonym. The source of data for this dictionary is

not only from Arabic language in general but also

from the Al-Quran. This Dictionary is a brilliant

work and strategic because it gives quite

representative map for lexical relations of synonymy

and antonymy in Arabic language (Umar et

al.,2000). Other works in this group is the thesaurus

compiled by Ghali (2003). This work is an example

of good data model on list of synonymy, especially

ICRI 2018 - International Conference Recent Innovation

those existing in the Al-Quran and its translation in

non-Arabic languages— in this case English.

Thesaurus is indeed prepared alphabetically based

on the group of certain lexical field hence

facilitating searching of a word. However, for some

readers, it may take some time to understand the

intended lexical field because Ghali did not mention

specifically in the classification its thesaurus (Ghali,

2003). In other non-Arabic languages, there is a

work by Kaylani (2009) on synonymy thesaurus in

the Al-Quran and its translation in Urdu language

(Pakistan) (Kaylani, 2009). The method of

explaining lexical meanings used by Kaylani is

similar to the Daud method. This work is also

important in my research as it serves as the material

for cross reference on classification of groups or

lexical field of synonymy and the words that are

member of the relevant group. All the works are

apparently not the same between one to another,

especially in the classification or membership of

synonymy. For example, in the case of

classification, Daud (2008) tends to look on

grammatical classification, and the list of

synonymous words is dominated by “pairs’ of

words, in a sense that most synonymous words

studied by Daud are in the form of two words or

“pairs” of words deemed synonymous. Meanwhile,

other works tend to prepare in most detail words in

the group of lexical field which is also detailed. In

term of list of words members of ‘man” group for

example, each literature includes non-uniformed

number of words. Al-‘Askari includes the synonymy

of “man” for eight words — he even included in his

list classification of other words in the conceptual

structure of “man” in Arabic language (Askari,

1997); Daud only included three synonymous words

for “man” (Daud, 2008) Ghali mentioned nine words

related to synonymy — even one word “universe” is

deemed as a part of the group of word “man” (Ghali,

2003); the Kaylani list includes eight words on

“human” (Kaylani, 2009). This is just one case of

classification of word “human” and its group word

members, not yet the case of other classification.

This situation gives us a clear picture that

classification and member of synonymy groups in

the Al-Quran need to be tested and reviewed further

so as to ascertain the total number of synonymy

groups and total words of its members in the Al-

Quran. This list will increase and more important if

it also includes the translation of each word in non-

Arabic languages so as to further map problems

related to translation of synonymy, antonymy,

homonymy, polysemy and lexical relations.

In addition to literature on kinds of lexical

relations with classification and words that are

members of each classification, some of the

following studies attempt to further see lexical

relations more specifically in certain cases. This

study is actually important in the context of giving

an analysis and view on the broader meaning of

related words in the Al-Quran. The other benefits are

that this study is beneficial as reference and basis in

determining the meaning of words in the Al-Quran,

particularly words that have certain relation, and

their accurate translation in non-Arabic languages,

especially in this matter in Indonesian language.

Study by Al-Doori (2005) further observes the

difference of meaning of words in the Al-Quran

based on the grammatical pattern, phonetic,

morphologic structures, and its context in the Al-

Quran. With this approach, Al-Doori successfully

disclosed the meaning of synonymous words and at

the same time reveals its basic differences (Al-

Doori, 2005). Another study by Naim (2011)

attempts to describe the meaning of words in the

lexical field of “heaven” in particular. This study is

actually quite broad and deep, and Naim discussed

not only words “heaven”, but also words existing in

verses in the Al-Quran on topic of “heaven”. This

study by Naim refers to interpretation of the Al-

Quran carried out by a number of classical Al-Quran

interpreters. This Naim’s approach is important to

demonstrate that every Al-Quran interpreter has

different views in understanding words in the Al-

Quran and this affects their interpretation of the

words. The result of his study can be used as

consideration for Al-Quran translation in

determining the point of view in understanding a

word in the context of Arabic language and non-

Arabic languages comparatively (Naim, 2011). In

addition to synonymy relation, Al-Monajjed (1999,

2007) also studied polysemy and antonymy relations

in his series of studies. In discussion on the lexical

relations, Al-Monajjed further explored the meaning

of words in a number of Al-Quran interpretation and

classical works. In differentiating synonymy

meaning, Al-Monajjed tried to review word meaning

from the point of view of Arabic stylistic (Balagah)

based on the fact that the nuance of literature

Quranic Arabic language is apparently strong.

Furthermore, differentiation of synonymy meaning

is carried out using the contextual approach. The

total number of synonymous word discussed in the

study by Al-Monajjed is limited to 64 words, not

sufficient to represent all synonyms in the Al-Quran.

However, at least Al-Monajjed has analyzed an

analytical model in disclosing synonymy meaning in

Lexical Relations Mapping in the Al-Quran and Its Translation into Indonesian Language

the Al-Quran. The same is the case in studies on

polysemy, Al-Monajjed only took 71 cases of

polysemy in the Al-Quran that need to be further

reviewed and other polysemy cases (Al-Monajjed,

1999). As for discussion on synonymy, in discussion

on polysemy and antonymy, Al-Monajjed relied on

the grammatical pattern of words in Arabic language

and describes the meaning of each word based on

their context in Al-quran verses.

As an initial model to formulate the mapping of

lexical relations in the Al-Quran and its translation

in non-Arabic languages, particularly English, there

are several literatures to be analyzed here. In

general, the problem of Al-Quran translation ranges

from the levels of word, phrase and sentence. In

particular, the following studies attempt to partially

study words in the Al-Quran that have certain lexical

relations as a case of translation of certain words in

English. The work by Ali (et al.) for example

portrays specifically several cases of metaphoric and

elliptic translation that has impact on the translation

method and choice of accurate translation of

sentences in English (Ali et al., 2012). In a broader

level, namely discourse, El-Hadary portrays more

complex problems among other related to ambiguity

in translation structure, shift, lexical compression,

lexical chopping, idiom, and other structural

problems on synonymy, metonymy, and homonymy

existing in the Al-Quran. This El-Hadary’s study is

important to illustrate that translation of Al-Quran

into non-Arabic languages does not only relate to the

presence or absence of matched translation but also

involve transability, or possibility or impossibility of

a word, term, or concept are translated into another

language (El-Hadary, 2008). An example that is also

equally complicate is shown by Brakhw (2014). In

his study, Brakhw discussed 12 polysemy words in

the Al-Quran that have 24 ambiguities in meaning.

This review is linked to translation strategy so as to

produce accurate translation and not containing

ambiguity as contained in the original meaning of

the polysemy in Arabic language (Ali et al., 2012).

Another study that still related to ambiguity of

meaning and its translation was performed by

Rasekh (et al. 2012) on homonymy in the Al-Quran.

Rasekh took example from several Al-Quran

translations in English that are apparently different

in defining the meaning of ﺩﺎﺴﻓ /fasād/ ‘damage’.

Rasekh asserts that studies on homonymy in the Al-

Quran are not enough if only rely on lexical meaning

but should also reveal the contextual meaning of the

homonymous words by seeing all the discourse

which include that word (Al-Doori, 2005). Asides

from Rasekh, Al-Jabri (2012) also specifically

studied three Al-Quran translations in English,

namely works by Ali, Pickthall, and Shakir

particularly on the synonymy case of ‘frightened”.

This study is important as a comparative model for

translation works in order to reveal as the variation

of matches or translation given to a word in the Al-

Quran (Al-Jabri, 2012). Furthermore, Abdelaal and

Rashid attempted to identify such “lost translations”

or semantic loss in translations of synonymy,

homonymy and polysemy they found in several

Quranic translations into English. Both authors saw

the factor of ambiguity of meanings in a number of

words in the Al-Quran, both in the form of

synonymy, homonymy and polysemy, and

unfortunately not observed in more detailed by

translators of the Al-Quran into English. For

example, translation of the words ﻁﻮﻨﻗ /qanūṭ/ and

ﺱﺄﻳ /ya`s/ ‘desperate’ that are synonymous and the

word ﺔﻣﺃ /ummat/ ‘people’ ‘nation’ which is a

polysemic word (Abdelaal and Rashid, 2015). This

review is important as a comparative model for

translation works in order to reveal variations of

equivalencies given to a word in the Al-Quran.

Furthermore, this study gives a brief description of

the issues of translation of certain lexical relations in

the Al-Quran into English, for which similar event

can be assumed to occur in the case of translation of

the Al-Quran into Indonesian language.

Review on those literatures reveals an important

fact that there is not as yet a work that

comprehensively or completely includes collection

of words divided into four lexical relations:

synonymy, antonymy, homonymy, and polysemy. If

any, the total number is low and does not cover all

the words existing in that relation. In the context of

translation, the work which includes complete

collection on lexical relations mapping exist as the

data base for studies on lexical relations translation

into Indonesian language. Furthermore, in the case

of Indonesian language, particularly in the case of

synonymy, lexical problem often occurs in the form

of single translation or limited matched translation

for a number of synonymous words. This is the basic

problem that needs to be addressed in order to

present an accurate translation for words that have

lexical relations in Indonesian language. In any case,

to completely identify words that have synonymy,

antonimy, homonymy, and polysemy relations in the

Al-Quran one can use the Indonesian translation as

an initial data to be further referred to the words in

the source language, namely Arabic language.

Hence, such cross reference effort is expected to

serve as an alternative approach to complete the

ICRI 2018 - International Conference Recent Innovation

existing list of works of Arabic linguists and

previous researchers.

5 CONCLUSIONS

It can be concluded that through this literature study

that there is as yet a complete list of collection of

Quranic vocabulary words that have relations in the

context of synonymy, homonymy and polysemy.

The implication is that studies on lexical relations in

the Al-Quran do not have references in the form of

comprehensive and adequate master data on lexical

relation. Therefore, this research stresses on the

importance of comprehensive further study in order

to prepare a complete map equipped with

identification on equivalence or translation of every

word in Indonesian language. It is expected that a

master data of Quranic vocabulary that have lexical

relations along with their translations and

equivalencies in Indonesian language can serve as

the main data base for a more comprehensive and

impartial study on Quran translations.

REFERENCES

A. M. Umar, H. Mahjoub, I. Al-Dasuqi, A. Foudah, S. A.

H. Ibrahim, and S. R. Salim. 2000. Al-Maknaz Al-

Kabir Mu’jam Syamil li Al-Majalat wa Al-

Mutaradifat wa Al-Mutadadat. Riyadh: Suthur.

Al-’Askari, A. H. 1997. Al-Furuq Al-Lugawiyya. Cairo:

Daar El-Ilm wa El-Saqafa.

Al-Doori, M. Y. K. 2005. Daqa`iq Al-Furuq Al-

Lugawiyya fi Al-Bayan Al-Qur’ani. Beirut: Dar

Al-Kotob Al-Ilmiyah.

Ali, A. Brakhw, M. A.. Bin Nordin, M. Z. F and S. F.

Shaik Ismail. 2012. “Some Linguistic Difficulties

in Translating the Holy Quran from Arabic into

English”. Int. J. Soc. Sci. Humanit, 2(6), pp. 588–

590.

Al-Jabri, S. M. 2012. “Lexical Synonyms in the Holy

Qur’an and their Translations: A Case Study”. Int.

J. Arab. Stud, 13, pp. 7–22.

Al-Monajjed, M. N. A.-D 2007. Al-Tadad fi Al-Quran Al-

Karim bayna Al-Nazhariyyat wa Al-Tathbiq.

Damaskus: Daar el-Fikr.

Al-Monajjed, M. N. A.-D. 1997. Al-Taraduf fi Al-Quran

Al-Karim bayna Al-Nazhariyyat wa Al-Tathbiq.

Damaskus: Daar el-Fikr.

Al-Monajjed, M. N. A.-D. 1999. Al-Isytirak Al-Lafzhi fi

Al-Quran Al-Karim bayna Al-Nazhariyyat wa Al-

Tathbiq. Damaskus: Daar el-Fikr.

Brakhw, A. A. M. A. 2014. “Translating Selectetd

Polysemous Words in The Holy Quran into

English: An Analysis of Strategies and

Procedures”. University Utara Malaysia.

Daud, M. M. 2008. Mu’jam Al-Furuq Al-Dalaliyyah fi Al-

Quran Al-Karim. Cairo: Dar Ghreib.

El-hadary T. H. 2008. “Equivalence and Translatability of

Qur’anic nic Discourse: A Comparative and

Analytical Evaluation”. Leeds.

Ghali, M. M. 2003. Al-Mutaradifat fi Al-Quran Al-Majid

’Arabiy - Injliziy. Cairo: Dar Al-Nasyr li Al-

Jami’at.

I. N. A.-R. Khalaf and M. Y. Z. bin H. Yusoff. “the

Qur’an: Limits of Translatability,” no. 1931, pp.

73–85, 2006.

J. I. Saeed. 2003. Semantics, 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell.

Kardimin. 2013. “Problematika Penerjemahan Teks

Bernuansa Keagamaan”. Insyirah, J. Ilmu Bhs.

Arab dan Stud. Islam, 1(2), pp. 1–26.

Kaylani, M. A. 2009. Mutaradifat Al-Quran Ma’a Furuq

Al-Lugawiyya. Lahore: Maktabah AL-Salam.

N. M. Abdelaal and S. M. Rashid. 2015. “Semantic loss in

the holy Qur’an translation with special reference

to surah Al-WaqiAAa (Chapter of the event

inevitable).” SAGE Open, 5(4), pp. 1–10.

Naim, M. 2011. “Iham Al-Taraduf fi Nushush Al-Jannah

fi Al-Quran Al-Karim: Dirasah Balaghiyya”.

Midad Al-Adab, (1), pp. 70–105.

Rasekh, A. E. Dastjerdi, H. V. and A. S. Bassir. 2012. “On

Homonymous Expressions in The Qur’an: A Case

Study of The English Translations of The Term

(Fasad)”. J. Int. Soc. Res., 5(22), pp. 136–148.

Ushama, T. 2011. “Issues in Translation of The Quran”.

Al-Bayan9(1), pp. 167–188.

Lexical Relations Mapping in the Al-Quran and Its Translation into Indonesian Language