Optimized Configuration of a Hybrid Photovoltaic-wind System

Integration

Kamal Anoune

1,2*

, Azzeddine Laknizi

1.3

, Mohsine Bouya

, Abdelali Astito

and Abdellatif Ben

Abdellah

1.3

Laboratory of Renewable Energies and Advanced Materials (LERMA), International University of Rabat, 11000, Morocco

Laboratory of Informatics, Systems &Telecommunications (LIST), FST of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Morocco

Laboratory of Engineering, Innovation and Management of Industrial Systems (LEIMIS), FST of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University,

Morocco

Keywords: Hybrid Photovoltaic-Wind System, Renewable Energy Sources, Long-Term Energy Performance,

Economic Analysis.

Abstract: Hybrid Photovoltaic-Wind system (HPWS) is becoming the most current renewable energy sources used to

power an electrical load demand, hybridization help to take all their advantages through reaching the best

compromise between technical and economic criterion. In this paper, a thorough analysis of one-year

weather situation and energy performance for two locations (Rabat and Tangier) is performed for sizing and

integrating HPWS. The target is consisted to find the optimized hybrid configuration capabilities to ensure

the electrical load demand of the laboratory prototype. The TRNSYS/Matlab has been used to simulate the

annual performance of different configurations of HPWS and provides the optimum configuration, which

ensures supplying the load demand. Moreover, the analysis of the dynamic simulation results allows having

a visibility of the hybrid system requirement and the integration cost, besides to evaluate the economic

aspect of each optimized solution. The hybridization of two sources of energy can in some cases reduce the

cost of installation and energy. As result: for the same load profile, and for two coastal sites spaced 250 km

apart, two different system requirement has been identified, PV=9kWp-Wind=1kW for UIR Rabat and

PV=3kWp-Wind=3kW for FST Tangier. And also two different capital cost has been found: 17215 € for

UIR Rabat and 14695 € for FST Tangier.

1 INTRODUCTION

Various renewable energy sources can be

combined such as solar and wind, a single energy

source based system can be more costly and less

reliable than a hybrid system. Numerous study

showed a realistic application of the hybrid system

for electrical energy generations (El Azzaoui, M.,

Mahmoudi, H., Boudaraia, 2016)(Sanajaoba &

Fernandez, 2016). Different criteria can be applied

to make the choice among various system

components of the hybrid power plant, such as an

economic constraint and optimization sizing

approaches (Anoune, Bouya, Astito, & Abdellah,

2018). It becomes most common that researchers use

deterministic methods for sizing the hybrid

Photovoltaic-Wind system and provide the

optimized configuration as a solution to the problem

of sizing optimization (Yang, Lu, & Burnett,

2003)(Anoune, Laknizi, Bouya, Astito, & Ben

Abdellah, 2018). Numerous studies have been

carrying out using TRNSYS (TRNSYS, n.d.)

software, to evaluate the output performance of a

photovoltaic and wind power plant according to the

solar / wind field of the desired area. Weather data

Anoune, K. and Ben Abdellah, A.

Optimized Conﬁguration of a Hybrid Photovoltaic-wind System Integration.

DOI: 10.5220/0009774703910396

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference of Computer Science and Renewable Energies (ICCSRE 2018), pages 391-396

ISBN: 978-989-758-431-2

391

files in TMY format and the required load demand

are used as input to simulate the long-term hybrid

system performance. B. Quesada et al. (Quesada,

Sánchez, Cañada, Royo, & Payá, 2011) presented a

validation study witch examine an experimental

result using measured data of a photovoltaic

installation occurred in the Polytechnic University of

Valencia along two successive years, confronted

with simulation results of a designed system based

on TRNSYS. Gregoris Panayiotou et al.

(Panayiotou, Kalogirou, & Tassou, 2012) modeled a

renewable system through TRNSYS in order to

determine an adequate size for the location under

examination. In this respect, TRNSYS can be

considered as a performant and scientifically

recognized tool. A large number of studies have

been conducted for the sizing and management of a

renewable facility, witch its simulation results have

been validated by an experimentation setup, but

these studies are limited to the evaluation of

photovoltaic systems and not the hybrid system

based on two or more renewable energy sources

which are the subject of interest.

In this paper, one-year weather analysis and

energy performance of Rabat and Tangier are

performed for sizing and integrating HPWS, which

supplies an electrical load demand. The aim is to

compensate the heat loss from the bitumen tank. The

developed model can estimate the annual

performance of the possible system configuration,

and provide the optimized solution, finally, the

weather data analysis and the annual energy

performance for the chosen configuration of each

location is illustrated and discussed, and moreover,

payback period is estimated.

2 OVERVIEW OF THE ADOPTED

HYBRID TOPOLOGY

The Hybrid inverter is the heart of the hybrid

electrical system, it includes several subsystems

inputs and outputs which serves to power the ELD.

This hybrid power system combines solar panels,

wind system, and grid with another subsystem such

as storage system and AC output. The functional

diagram below shows the adopted hybrid topology

(Fig: 1).

Fig 1: functional diagram of the adopted hybrid topology.

Hybrid

Invertor

AC output

(Pur Sinus) of

230VAC or

380VAC

Storage System:

Gel Batteries, AGM

230VAC

alternative input

from the electrical

Grid

DC Input of the

Wind System

DC input of the

PV system from 100

VDC

ICCSRE 2018 - International Conference of Computer Science and Renewable Energies

392

3 SIZING A HYBRID SYSTEM

USING A DETERMINISTIC

APPROACH

The target of this comparison study is proposing

the optimum size of HPWS under the constraints of

the maximum power reliability and the minimum

system cost. This HPWS helps to power the

electrical consumption of the laboratory prototype.

The adopted sizing method is the deterministic

approach which is performed by analyzing the

dynamic simulation obtained by TRNSYS and

Matlab. Three parameters help to obtain the

optimized configuration of the desired hybrid

system; firstly, the metrological input mainly the

global irradiation, the wind speed and the

temperature of the potential plant location (Fig: 3, 4

and 5). Secondly, the electrical demands profile

(Fig: 2), which explains the behaviour of electrical

power consumption during the day. Finally, the

hybrid system configuration which define the

technical characteristics of the sizing solution.

Two locations have been identified as potential

plant location; the first one is an area close to the

technical hall in International University of Rabat

(IUR), Morocco. The second one is the campus of

the Faculty of science and technology in Tangier

(FST), University of Abdelmalek Essaadi (UAE)

Tangier, Morocco. The chosen location will host the

future laboratory prototype.

The yearly average solar energy per day in Rabat

and Tangier is 5.47 kWh/m², 5.26 kWh/m²

respectively. The maximum and minimum ambient

temperatures are 22.6 °C / 12.7 °C and 20.7 °C /

11.3 °C in July and January, respectively. The yearly

average ambient temperature is 17.9 °C and 18.15

°C respectively; finally, the yearly average wind

speed at 10 m hub height is 3.14 m/s and 5.9 m/s

respectively in Rabat and Tangier (Fig.3, 4 and 5).

Figure 2: the electric load profile of the laboratory prototype.

Figure 3: Hourly time series irradiation data for UIR Rabat (Left) and FST of Tangier (Right).

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

1.60

00h00

01h00

02h00

03h00

04h00

05h00

06h00

07h00

08h00

09h00

10h00

11h00

12h00

13h00

14h00

15h00

16h00

17h00

18h00

19h00

20h00

21h00

22h00

23h00

Thermic Electric Total

Optimized Conﬁguration of a Hybrid Photovoltaic-wind System Integration

393

Figure 4: Hourly time series of wind speed for UIR Rabat (Left) and FST of Tangier (Right).

Figure 5: Hourly time series of Temperature for UIR Rabat (Left) and FST of Tangier (Right).

4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The target of the laboratory prototype is

remained to maintain a constant storage temperature

of bitumen at 160 °C by compensating their thermal

losses, The total of electrical energy requested per

day is around 29.4k Wh. This load data behavior is

used for performing the simulation.

The dynamic simulation of the energy produced

by the hybrid Photovoltaic wind system is illustrated

in (Fig 6 & 7), these simulation results are obtained

using the designed model in TRNSYS and are

plotted using the Matlab program. The developed

TRNSYS model is used to provide weather data

simulation and energy output from the hybrid system

(Fig.6), The optimized solution for (IUR Rabat) is

composed of 9 kWp of Photovoltaic panel and 1 kW

of Wind turbine, the total energy output during a

year from the photovoltaic array and wind turbine is

estimated at 9581 kWh and 1404 kWh respectively,

which means a total of 10822.85 kWh/Year.

In another hand, The optimized hybrid system

configuration for Tangier is composed of PV= 3

kWp and WT=3 kW, the simulation results of the

and energy output from the hybrid system (Fig.6), it

is noted that for the FST Tangier site, the potential

of the wind is very high compared to the UIR Rabat

site and may be as high as 5.9 m/s in annual average.

The yearly average of energy production from a

Photovoltaic array is 3269,14 kWh, while the yearly

average of energy production by the wind turbine is

7833.63 kWh year, then this hybrid configuration

produces 11102,78 kWh/year which is superior to

the electrical demand by the prototype 10822.85

kWh/Year.

The total cost of any renewable power plant is

considered as a mandatory criterion to decide the

hybrid system configuration, Table .1 resumes the

prices of all component and services for the chosen

configuration (Amine, n.d.).

ICCSRE 2018 - International Conference of Computer Science and Renewable Energies

394

Figure 6: Dynamic simulation of annual energy production of PV=9kWp-Wind=1kW (UIR Rabat).

Figure 7: Dynamic simulation of annual energy production of PV=3kWp-Wind=3kW (FST Tangier).

The economic evaluation is considered as important

criteria to evaluate the feasibility of any project with

regard to its economic benefits. In this study, the

payback method is used to evaluate economically

the considered hybrid system for each chosen

location see (Table 2). The payback period is

generated following equation 1:

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Table 1: Cost of the hybrid power plant

panel

250 Wp

Price of

PV U

(250W)

Total

Price of

PV array

Price of

Wind

turbine

Battery

Bank

(15kWh)

Inverter/

Charger

5 kW

Inte

gration

Cost

The total

cost of

HPWS

Rabat 36 155 € 5 580 € 2 000 € 2 235 € 2 800 € 4 600 € 17 215 €

Tangier 12 155 € 1 860 € 5 300 € 2 235 € 2 800 € 2 500 € 14 695 €

Table 2: Comparison result of calculated payback period

Cost of the

system (€)

Energy saving

(kWh)

Cost of electricity

(€/kWh)

Electricity

inflation (%)

Payback

(Years)

Rabat 17215,00 10985,76 0,097 8,5 10,59

Tangier 14695,00 11102,78 0,097 8,5 9,44

Optimized Conﬁguration of a Hybrid Photovoltaic-wind System Integration

395

As mentioned at the beginning of the paragraph,

the optimal requirement configuration seems

differentiated in the chosen location, UIR Rabat has

9kW of Photovoltaic Array and 1 kW of Wind

turbine, but FST Tangier has 3kW of Photovoltaic

Array and 3 kW of Wind turbine which justify the

price of each hybrid system. Moreover, the

integration cost consists of all service providers and

equipment relating to structural Photovoltaic-Wind

supporting and installation/wiring. After analyzing

these results, it is deductible that each chosen

location has a specific system requirement as the

optimal solution of the sizing problem.

5 CONCLUSION

In this paper, the authors are focusing on sizing and

integrating an HPWS to supply an electric load

demand profile, The target of this size is providing

an optimized configuration (Photovoltaic and Wind

size), which can power supply the laboratory

prototype with the lowest cost of required equipment

and the higher power reliability. The dynamic

simulation allowed visualizing the long-term

electrical production of different HPWS

configuration, then selecting the optimized solution

of each chosen location. As result, for the same

electric load demand and for two coastal cities (IUR

Rabat & FST Tangier) which distance of 250 km,

two different configurations are found to meet the

energy requirement, 9kWp of Photovoltaic array and

1kW of wind turbine as an optimized solution for

IUR Rabat with a total cost of integration system

around 17 215 €, besides, 3kWp of Photovoltaic

array and 3kW of wind turbine as an optimized

solution for FST Tangier that have a total cost of

integration equals to 14 695 €, hybridization of two

renewable power sources allowed to reduce the total

cost of integration in Tangier (2520 €) compared to

the installation cost in Rabat.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors would like to express their appreciation

to “IRESEN” by providing financial support to carry

out this research under the project “MCS Bitume”.

We would like to emphasize that, we have not been

able to complete this research without the joint

support of all head director and engineers of UIR.

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