The Way to Millenial Learning

Eduward Situmorang

, Swara Kasih Kartini

, Nurul Shadrina Bintang

,Ummi Chairani

and Opy

Triansyah

Postgraduate Student Education of Economy, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan -Indonesia

Keywords: Technology, Learning, Blended Learning

Abstract: This era is known as the 4.0 industrial revolution era where all sectors are in digital. This millennial age

must also be shown in millennial learning to improve the quality of learning. In terms of, the use of

technology in the world of education, namely the learning system has changed the conventional pattern

learning system or traditional pattern into a modern pattern of Information and Communication Technology

(ICT) media. The approach that can be done in millennial learning is the one that can integrate technology

and education, namely the Blended Learning Model (BLM). This model combines regular teaching classes

and online teaching. The strength of this model is that it can increase interaction between students whenever

and wherever.

1 INTRODUCTION

The education, trade, and government sectors are

changing due to the development of information and

communication technology. At this time the

globalization era cannot be denied that along with

the development of digital application-based

technology, the system of social interaction in

society began to erode. Technology is increasingly

fast, making it easier for people to do their activities.

Today's technological and information developments

offer many conveniences. Communities are given

supporting facilities in their daily activities. Making

it easier for people to move. With easy access to

communication, it supports the education world. The

application of communication and information

technology in the world of education is mandatory.

The reason is, now every school and other academic

institutions have used technology to support their

activities.

Globalization has penetrated the present

generation. Globalization also causes a shift in the

education world that was initially in the face-to-face

system began to lead to online systems. With the

inclusion of globalization in the world of education,

the interaction between humans has shifted and

without denying that it will be lost.

In the era of globalization-based on digital

applications in the education world, it will help the

course of the learning process and can also improve

performance results. The increasing number of

technology users in the education world will lead to

changes in the learning model. Because it is more

effective and efficient, without requiring a lot of

time and energy. So that gradually people will prefer

an online learning system than conventional (face-

to-face) learning.

The development of various learning media is in

line with the rapid technological advancements. The

technological dynamics are now achieving

tremendous acceleration. New technologies

including conventional learning have replaced the

technology that has been studied a few years ago.

The learning model provided in technology for the

world of education is considered quite useful.

Distance learning between teachers and students

who are not in one place or long distance

relationships. Moreover, technology also provides

many other learning options that can be enjoyed by

the public very quickly. Now we are also feeling the

ease of learning just by accessing digital applications

such as e-journal, e-library and so on.

One learning model that has been applied by

several communities is the E-learning model. E-

learning is a form of learning model that is

facilitated and supported by the use of information

and communication technology. The term E-learning

is more precisely intended as an effort to make a

362

Situmorang, E., Putri, S., Bintang, N., Chairani, U. and Triansyah, O.

The Way to Millenial Learning.

DOI: 10.5220/0009496803620366

In Proceedings of the 1st Unimed International Conference on Economics Education and Social Science (UNICEES 2018), pages 362-366

ISBN: 978-989-758-432-9

transformation of the learning process in schools or

colleges into digital forms bridged by internet

technology. (Munir, 2009: 169).

In Indonesia, the conventional education system

is still widely practiced in the academic community.

Especially in the area that is still classified as a rural

area. Because overseas country such as France has

also used online education services, this is evidence

of a shift in the direction of education. Especially

now, today that demands significant changes in the

world of education. Where education is used as a

benchmark in a society. So education is what has

broad knowledge to transfer knowledge.

The millennial generation born in the early 1980s

to 2000 or can be said as Gen Y. They called the

millennial generation because of the generation that

lived at the turn of the millennium. Along with the

penetration of digital technology into all walks of

life. Digital technology that has become a basic need

for this generation. In the millennial generation, that

is the generation that has been literate in digital

technology, where every information is easily

accessed via the internet.

However, many people view that there has been

a shift in the eastern social values. Because it is

more open-minded, it is easy to adopt more modern

western social values. It is true. This thing is can be

seen clearly in our lives. Many teenagers start to

look like westerners, so their social life is

increasingly eroded.

Long-distance communication relationships are

only connected by the media and the internet.

Making close communication or direct

communication is increasingly rare. So, the social

value that takes place in the communication fades.

Teenagers are vulnerable to talking to each other

directly they choose to use internet media as a way

of communication. If this is done more aggressively,

gradually the real world regarding interaction will

fade.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

Definition of Blended Learning

Millennial learning can be done not only by face to

face activity but can be carried out in combination

between face to face and online learning which is

often referred to as Blended Learning. Kaye Throne

(2003: 16) in his book entitled "Blended Learning:

How to Integrate Online and Traditional Learning"

states that:

“Blended learning is the most logical and natural

evolution of our learning agenda. It suggests an

elegant solution to the challenges of tailoring

learning and development to the needs of

individuals. It represents an opportunity to integrate

the innovative and technological advances offered

by online learning with the interaction and

participation offered in the best of traditional

learning. It can be supported and enhanced by using

the wisdom and one-to-one contact of personal

coaches.”

Blended Learning is a logical and natural

learning change. It proposes a good change solution

to adjust and develop learning according to

individual needs. This is demonstrated by the

opportunity to integrate innovation and technology

provided through online learning with the interaction

and participation that occurs in traditional learning.

It can be supported by using wisdom and training

slowly.

Blended Learning is a mixture of:

1. Multimedia technology

2. Learning video CD ROM

3. Virtual class

4. Email and telephone

5. Animated text and online video

Driscoll (2002) suggests that there are four

concepts about Blended Learning, namely:

a. Blended learning is learning that combines

various web-based technologies, to achieve

educational goals.

b. Blended learning is a combination of various

learning approaches (such as behaviorism,

constructivism, cognitivism) to produce an

optimal learning achievement with or without

learning technology.

c. Blended learning is also a combination of many

learning technology formats, such as videotape,

CD-ROM, web-based training, film) with face-

to-face learning.

d. Blended learning combines learning technology

with actual work task commands to create a

good influence on learning and work.

From these definitions, it can be concluded that

millennial learning that is applied through Blended

Learning is learning that combines face-to-face

learning and online learning with the aim to further

improve the quality of learning to achieve

instructional goals.

Digital Development Model in the Education

Sector

The ICT integration model that can be described as

shown below has two dimensions: technology and

pedagogy.

1. Technology refers to all information and

communication technology (ICT), the

technology dimension is a continuum that

represents the number of increasingly/diverse

use of ICT

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363

2. Pedagogy is the art and science of teaching. The

pedagogical dimension is also a continuum and

represents changes in teaching practice resulting

from the application of ICT.

Figure 1: Dimensions of Technology Interaction

In these two dimensions, there are four stages of

the integration model of ICT development in the

education and school systems. These four stages are

continuum stages, which UNESCO termed as

Emerging, Applying, Infusing and Transforming.

1. The Emerging Stage is characterized by the use

of ICT in the school at the initial stage. In the

Emerging stage, classroom practice is still very

teacher-centered.

2. The Applying stage is characterized by an

understanding of the contribution and efforts to

implement ICT in the context of school

management and learning. Schools have also

tried to adapt the curriculum so that they can

use ICT more in various subjects with specific

software.

3. The Infusing Stage requires an effort to

integrate and incorporate ICT into the

curriculum. In this approach, schools have

implemented computer-based technology in

laboratories, classes, and administration

departments. The curriculum begins to combine

learning subjects that reflect real-world

applications.

4. The Transforming Stage is characterized by the

school's efforts to plan and renew its

organization more creatively. To conclude,

when the transformation stage is achieved, the

entire ethos of the institution changes: teachers

and other support staff consider ICT as a natural

part of their institution's daily life, which has

become a center of learning for the community.

Therefore, it can be said that increasingly crowded

human mobility and the birth of new technologies, is

the background of the birth of a blended learning

model as a new innovation in answering the

challenges of times.

3 DISCUSSION

In designing Blended Learning, the accuracy of

choosing a combination of delivery media both in

traditional and online learning settings is important

because the focus is optimal learning. Also, Khan

stated that blended learning includes a combination

of various activities including face to face in class,

live e-learning, and independent learning. All of

them are a combination of traditional education

(guided by the teacher/lecturer), synchronous online

learning, asynchronous self-learning and structured

learning based on the experience of the learner and

mentor (Khan, 2005, p. 202). Howard explained that

blended learning is a term introduced by distance

learning communities as an effort to utilize

synchronous learning activities, such as face-to-face

interaction with instructors and collaborative work

with peers as an asynchronous learning activity

complement that is carried out individually by

learning participants (Howard, et al., 2006, p. 1). In

essence, blended learning can be said to be a

combination of synchronous learning that occurs at

the same time and asynchronous learning that

happens at different times and places.

Synchronous type of face to face or synchronous

face physically coincides at the same time in the

same place. Examples are face-to-face learning in

class, laboratory research, field trips, class

presentations and group discussions, and all other

traditional learning methods. The second type is

synchronous online), or also called synchronous

virtual collaboration such as audio/video

conferencing, chatting, live online learning, instant

messaging and others (Staley, 2007).

While asynchronous learning is a learning

activity that allows different learners to experience

the same teaching material at different times and

places. Staley classifies asynchronous learning

activities into two categories, namely asynchronous

collaborative (such as online discussion forums.

Mailinglist, e-mail, etc.) and independent

asynchronous (such as simulations, online tests,

searching material, material in the form of pdf, doc,

HTML, video, animation, etc.) (Staley, 2007).

The concept of 4 quadrant learning settings

according to Noord cited by Staley (Staley, 2007)

and the classification of learning strategies

according to Smaldino et al. and the standard of the

learning process in the context of the e-learning

environment that the author of Horton's (2006)

adaptation. Four Learning Settings Quadrants The

four-quadrant learning settings are as illustrated in

the following diagram (Staley, 2007):

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364

Figure 2: Kuadran Seting Belajar

Based on the diagram, it is clear that there are

four quadrant learning settings as follows:

1. Live synchronous; a condition where learning

occurs at the same time and place. Judging from

the dimensions of place and time at the same

time. Learning settings like this happen in

traditional education, where between the

learning participants and the teacher/

lecturer/tutor are in the same place and at the

same time, learning in class. Examples of

learning methods that occur in this context are

lecture, group discussions, laboratory practices,

field trips, and others.

2. Virtual synchronous; a condition where learning

occurs at the same time (real time) in a different

place from one another. In this context, learning

occurs in the same time dimension, but the

dimensions of space/place are different from

each other. Examples of learning methods that

arise in this context are presentations,

discussions, demonstrations, tutorials and others

using technology and communication tools such

as teleconference such as video-conference,

audio-conference, or maybe chatting (text-based

conference).

3. Self-paced Asynchronous; a condition in which

learning occurs independently, anytime

anywhere by the conditions and speed of their

respective learning. In this context, learning

occurs without being bound to time and place.

Its nature is more open and flexible through

independent learning methods. For self-study to

happen, the learning participants are facilitated

with digital teaching materials known as

learning objects in various media formats both

based on text, audio, video, animation,

simulation, games or a combination of these

(hypermedia)

4. Collaborative Asynchronous; a condition where

learning occurs anytime and anywhere through

a collaboration between two or more people.

Examples of learning methods that arise in this

context are discussion methods, tutorials, and

question and answer through online discussion

forums, problem-solving techniques, and

collaborative learning through online

assignments..

Besides that, Educators need to continuously

improve their knowledge and skills to teach students

in the Technological, Pedagogical, and Content

Knowledge (TPACK) framework so that they can

learn their students effectively, this TPCAK mindset

is illustrated in Figure 3.

Figure 3: TPCAK mindset

Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge / TPACK

(Source: http://tpack.org)

TPACK's framework of thought provides a way

to identify the characteristics of the knowledge

needed by educators/instructors to integrate

technology into its learning, while also being aware

of the complexities of knowledge that

educators/teachers must have in many aspects. In the

middle part of the TPACK framework, it is a

combination of three primary forms of knowledge:

knowledge of subject matter (describing what

subject matter is taught in a particular field,

including theories, processes, and practices that are

familiar); pedagogic knowledge characterized by

strategies and methods used by educators / teachers

in the classroom to teach students), and

technological knowledge that continues to evolve

and flow.

TPACK describes a critical intersection of the

three types of knowledge that educators/teachers

must possess as a place where active learning can

take place. Technology here means how

educators/instructors develop their knowledge and

technological skills to utilize online learning

resources that are available to be included in the

learning process of the subjects or courses they

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365

teach. Pedagogy chosen by educators/teachers can

vary depending on the class and (students). Content

also varies, according to the guidance of each

educator/teacher.

4 CONCLUSION

Based on this conceptual discussion, the

characteristics of Blended learning are as follows:

1. Learning that combines various ways of

delivery, teaching models, learning styles, and

various technology-based media.

2. As a combination of direct teaching (face-to-

face), independent learning, and independent

learning online

3. Learning that is supported by a compelling

combination of ways of delivery, methods of

teaching and learning styles.

4. Teachers and parents of learning participants

have the same important role, teachers as

facilitators, and parents as supporters.

Blended learning is a relatively new concept in

education where instruction is delivered through a

mixture of online and traditional education that is

led by instructors or instructors in practice.

The author suggests that instructors, teachers, or

lecturers can utilize technology in carrying out

teaching and learning activities without losing face

to face activities. This can facilitate the

implementation of learning and will undoubtedly

improve the quality of Indonesian education. The

use of technology in learning can be done by

utilizing a web-based learning system that is already

available such as quipper school, edmodo, office 365

and so on. With his hopes, the quality of Indonesian

education can increase from before.

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