Study on Implementation of Green City Concept

in the Suburbs of Semarang City based on Landuse

Teguh Prihanto

, Saratri Wilonoyudho

and Wahid Akhsin Budi Nur Sidiq

Study Program of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES)

Study Program of Regional Survey and Mapping, Faculty of Social Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES)

Keywords: Green city, Semarang, Suburbs.

Abstract: Semarang city is in the highest position in the regional sphere of Central Java which still grows in the socio-

economic sector of settlements which tends to push the function of the city towards the suburbs. The suburbs

which have mountainous topography conditions in Higher Areas of Semarang City have strategic value. With

this condition, Semarang City is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. One effort to anticipate climate

change is to implement the development of a green city concept based on a balance between urban

development and environmental sustainability. The specific purpose of the study is to examine the

implementation of the green city concept towards the development based on landuse in Higher Areas of

Semarang City. Research locations are in Banyumanik and Gunungpati Sub-districts. By using exploratory

research methods in collecting and analyzing data, Banyumanik has 49% building area and 51% open space

area. In other hand, Gunungpati has 22.1% building area and 77.9% open space area. The results of the

research show that Banyumanik has Banyumanik has a higher agglomeration rate of Semarang City compared

to Gunungpati, and has a risk of environmental vulnerability.

1 INTRODUCTION

Generally, the development of landuse in of

Semarang City which tends to be uncontrolled has a

lot of negative effects on the environment. More

broadly add to the impact of global climate change.

The results of a vulnerability study show that the

phenomenon of climate change has occurred.

Temperature increases are expected to occur so as to

increase rainfall especially during the rainy season.

On the other hand, rising temperatures also induce an

increase in sea level. These two impacts increase the

incidence of flooding and inundation in coastal areas,

and also the degradation of land carrying capacity

resulting in landslides in mountainous areas (Higher

area of Semarang City). As a center of economic and

population concentration, the Semarang City is

vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Green

open spaces, water sources, and catchment areas are

very limited so that if there is a change in rainfall, the

risk becomes greater.

One effort to anticipate climate change is to

implement the development of the concept of a green

city, which is known as an ecological city or a healthy

city. It has an understanding of the balance between

the development of the city and environmental

sustainability. A healthy city also means a safe,

comfortable, clean and healthy city condition to

inhabit its population by optimizing the potential

through empowering community forums, facilitated

by related sectors and in sync with city planning. To

be able to make it happen, it takes effort from each

individual member of the community and all

stakeholders. With the application of the concept of a

green city, urban environmental crises can be

avoided, as is the case in large cities and metropolitan

areas that have experienced urban obesity. Urban

development with this environmentally friendly

concept, generally contributes greatly to the reduction

of the impacts of global climate change and

specifically provides the carrying capacity of the

suburbs of Semarang City over those that have a

conservation function.

1.1 Structure and Development of City

The elements that influence the development of

the city are the geographical condition, site, city

function, city history and culture and the stages of

urban development (Branch, 1985). Geographical

184

Prihanto, T., Wilonoyudho, S. and Akhsin Budi Nur Sidiq, W.

Study on Implementation of Green City Concept in the Suburbs of Semarang City based on Landuse.

DOI: 10.5220/0009008201840189

In Proceedings of the 7th Engineering International Conference on Education, Concept and Application on Green Technology (EIC 2018), pages 184-189

ISBN: 978-989-758-411-4

conditions and sites affect the function and physical

form of the city. The function carried out by the city

will show its existence, while the history and culture

of the city will influence the character and nature of

the city.

Kevin Lynch (1971) suggests that now is a period

of rapid growth and various institutions, including

university campuses, hospitals, government units and

cultural centers

1.2 Landuse Policy of Semarang City

Based on the Regional Spatial Plan of Semarang City

(Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah / RTRW 2011 - 2031,

the main function of the location of the sub-district

area which is the scope of the research are:

 Banyumanik Sub-district (± 2,509 ha) is

included in BWK VII (the boundary of city

area / Batas Wilayah Kota), the main function

is: military special area

 Gunungpati Sub-district (± 5,399 ha) is

included in BWK VIII, the main function is:

higher education area.

Both regions in the plan of the spatial pattern have

a function as a protected area, which provides

protection for the subordinate's area. This is based on

the location of the region in the higher area of

Semarang City. This area also has slopes above 40%

(forty percent) which has a function as water

catchment areas. The plan for water catchment areas

includes: (1) rehabilitation of water catchment areas

that have been deforested through reforestation; and

(2) utilization of space in water catchment areas for

forest functions.

1.3 Green City Concept

Cities in Indonesia suffer from a lack of green open

space. In big cities like Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung

and Medan, green open space has decreased from

35% to an average of less than 10% of the current

condition. In “Kota Hijau” (2012) it is stated that

there are 8 criteria for green city concepts, including:

 Urban development must be in accordance with

applicable law, including: disaster mitigation,

spatial planning, and environmental protection

and management

 The concept of Zero Waste (integrated waste

management, nothing is wasted).

 The concept of Zero Run-Off (the water must

be absorbed into the soil, the concept of eco-

draination).

 Green Infrastructure (available pedestrian and

bicycle lanes).

 Green Transportation (use of mass

transportation, environmentally friendly

renewable fuel, encourage the use of non-

motorized transportation - walking, cycling,

delman / buggy / horse cart / pedicab etc.)

 Green Open Space (GOS) covering 30% of the

city area (Public GOS 20%, Private GOS 10%)

 Green Building

 Community Participation (Green Community)

According to Basri (2008), one of the urban

development planning and design solutions that can

reduce the impact of environmental damage and

maintain the survival of the urban environmental

ecosystem in it is the concept of a green city. Criteria

that can be used in the concept of a green city are

green space, land use, circulation, infrastructure and

public facilities. In terms of natural physical aspects,

structuring of green systems and land use is

considered to have feasibility for application. While

physically made in the aspect of infrastructure and

public facilities do not have the feasibility in the

context of an independent city. Land use and green

space that are relatively balanced and evenly

distributed and supported by economic activities,

employment and socio-politics are conducive to

creating an independent and sustainable city. The

above efforts can be realized by maintaining and

rearranging the dominant green space, limited land

use with mix use solutions, complementing the city's

vital facilities and the conservation of the area and the

recycling process of municipal waste..

1.4 Green City Development Program

(Program Pengembangan Kota

Hijau - P2KH)

Ekaputra, YD (2013) stated that the Green City

Development Program was an activity initiated by the

Ministry of Public Works c.q. The Directorate

General of Spatial Planning, is one of the concrete

steps taken by the central government together with

the provincial government and the city / district

government in fulfilling the provisions of the law of

patial plan, especially related to the fulfillment of

urban green open space, as well as addressing the

challenges of climate change in Indonesia. P2KH is

an innovation program for the realization of

community-based urban green open space.

 Ideal Location Requirements for P2KH and

GOS Planning :

o Status of land owned by regional

government

o Ease of accessibility

Study on Implementation of Green City Concept in the Suburbs of Semarang City based on Landuse

185

o Proximity to the center of urban

community activities, and can be used for

the public

o Application for development in 1 (one)

location with a minimum area of 5,000 m2

or in 2 (two) locations that are connected to

a 'green' connecting corridor, for example

bicycle paths, vegetation lines, or other

forms)

o Green Space Composition (Softcape):

Pavement (Hardscape) = min. 70%: max.

30%

o Use of environmentally friendly materials

(it can be possible to absorb water)

 Green City attribute

P2KH is an initiative to create an inclusive and

comprehensive green city to realize 8 (eight) green

city attributes, which include: (1) Green planning and

design; (2) Increasing the role of the community as a

green community; (3) Availability of green open

space; (4) Efficient energy consumption; (5)

Effective water management; (6) Waste management

with the principle of green waste; (7) Energy-efficient

buildings or green buildings; (8) Application of

sustainable transportation system (green

transportation).

At the initiation stage, P2KH is focused on the

realization of 3 (three) attributes, namely: urban

planning and design that is environmentally friendly;

embodiment of 30% green open space; and increasing

the role of the community through the green

community. The next stage is expected to be further

expanded.

At present, the concept of a green city is seen as

appropriate in guarding the growth of Semarang City,

especially in the higher area of Semarang City. So the

question that underlies this research is "How far is the

implementation of the green city concept towards the

development of the higher area of Semarang City?"

2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This study uses exploratory methods used in

collecting and analyzing data. Explorative research

aims to explore and understand information and the

reality of the phenomenon under study and become

the center of attention because it is still little known

(Kuntjojo, 2009). Exploratory methods are carried

out based on facts that are seen as specific, then

mapping and categorizing. This method is also

supported by field research to strengthen analysis. In

this study the exploratory method is intended to see

the development of the spatial area of research by

identifying the use of space in an ecological

perspective.

The research material is Banyumanik and

Gunungpati Sub-district Areas. This area is located in

urban fringe area of Semarang City with the

supporting function of the Semarang City Area below

as a conservation area. Of the two sub-districts, some

urban areas will be taken as a sample of research data

that can describe the physical condition of regional

development.

Figure 1: Location of research.

3 RESULTS

3.1 Overview of Banyumanik Sub-

district

Banyumanik Sub-district has an area of 2,509,084

Ha. Generally, the topography of the Banyumanik

region is hilly and partly sloping. In terms of access,

Banyumanik Sub-district has become a strategic

pathway because it connects Semarang City Region

and the regions in central and southern Central Java

(direction to Solo or Magelang / Temanggung).

Besides that, the Semarang - Banyumanik toll road is

also quite strategic. The main trigger for regional

growth is the strategic path for business development

in the trade and services sector. This growth also

responds to the insistence of the core city which is no

longer able to sustain land needs for trade and service

facilities. Based on Regional Regulation No. 05 of

2004 concerning the RTRW of Semarang City,

Banyumanik Sub-district is included in BWK VII

with functions:

 Settlement

 Offices

 Trade and services

 Military Special Areas

EIC 2018 - The 7th Engineering International Conference (EIC), Engineering International Conference on Education, Concept and

Application on Green Technology

186

 Mixed trade and services, settlements;

 Conservation

 Transportation.

Figure 2: Banyumanik Sub-district.

3.2 Overview of Gunungpati Sub-

district

Gunungpati Sub-district has an area of 5,399,085 ha.

The physical condition of hilly topography with

varying land heights in almost all regions. Viewed by

access to transportation, the Gunungpati area is

difficult to reach due to the steep and steep terrain.

The existence of Universitas Negeri Semarang

(UNNES) in Sekaran Village, to some extent

triggered the growth of the region. On the other hand,

growth is also supported by the presence of areas that

connect between Semarang City and Semarang

Regency and Kendal Regency. Based on Regional

Regulation No. 05 of 2004 concerning Semarang City

Spatial Planning (RTRW), Gunungpati District is

included in BWK VIII (City Area Section) with

functions as:

 Conservation

 Agriculture

 Higher Education

 Tourism / Recreation

 Mixed trade and services, settlements

 Settlements.

 3.3 Landuse of Research Area

Figure 3: Gunungpati Sub-district.

The dominant land use in the research area was

the building of settlements and vegetation cover or

green open space, with residential buildings in

Banyumanik Sub-district wider (1,149.01 Ha) or

around 38.07% of the total area compared to

Gunungpati Sub-district with an area of 874.79 Ha or

around 16.20% of the area. The high percentage of

residential buildings in Banyumanik Sub-districts is

due to the fact that the region has a very strategic

location, supported by a complete and adequate

means of supporting life infrastructure and the

presence of several public buildings such as

Universities (UNDIP and Polines), Hospitals and

several other buildings that make the area it has had a

fairly rapid development in recent years.

The relatively flat topography in most of the

regions makes more and more potential land for the

development of built land. Generally, residential

buildings in the two sub-districts have two dominant

patterns, extending along the road and clustered in a

densely populated settlement and boarding house,

while the pattern of residential buildings in

Gunungpati Sub-district is more patterned along the

road, but also seen in groups regions such as in

Sekaran Village. In addition to the limited life support

facilities, a relatively undulating topography also

affects the development of residential buildings in the

region. Table 1 presents the types of land use at the

research area.

Study on Implementation of Green City Concept in the Suburbs of Semarang City based on Landuse

187

Table 1: Landuse of Banyumanik and Gunungpati Sub-

district.

Figure 4: Landuse of Banyumanik Sub-district.

Furthermore, the second largest area of land use is

vegetation cover / green open space, and the

vegetation included in this class includes mixed

gardens, public GOS, private GOS and forest areas.

Based on the results of the interpretation of the largest

vegetation cover / green open space in Gunungpati

Sub-district, 2,474.98 Ha or about 45.84% of the total

area, the vegetation cover and green open space in the

other two sub-districts have an area that is almost

equal to below 30% an area. Still maintained

vegetation / green space in Gunungpati Sub-district is

caused that most of the area is a protected area with a

fairly steep slope so that it is not easily converted into

built land. The area of vegetation in this area is the

main support of green open space in the Semarang

City with the Mijen Sub-district as a counterweight to

the microclimate and oxygen source of the

population. However, when viewed from the spatial

pattern, the distribution of vegetation / green space in

the area is not evenly distributed with a clustered

pattern so that there are not a few areas with densely

populated settlements but have low vegetation cover

such as in Sekaran Village.

Figure 5: Landuse of Gunungpati Sub-district.

In Banyumanik Sub-district, the area is relatively

low when compared to the total area, vegetation cover

/ GOS is 24.93%. Generally, vegetation / GOS

consists of urban forest, citypark, road border and

mixed gardens with elongated patterns. Referring to

Law No. 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning, it

can be concluded that vegetation cover / GOS that

meets minimum broad standards is found in

Gunungpati Sub-district with an area of more than

30%.

4 CONCLUSION

The results of the research show that Banyumanik has

Banyumanik has a higher agglomeration rate of

Semarang City compared to Gunungpati, and has a

risk of environmental vulnerability.

EIC 2018 - The 7th Engineering International Conference (EIC), Engineering International Conference on Education, Concept and

Application on Green Technology

188

As an area that is more urban and with a high

density level, Banyumanik Sub-district requires

structuring towards the concept of a green city. The

steps that need to be taken include: integrated waste

management, the adoption of the concept of eco-

training, provision of pedestrian paths and bicycle

lanes, optimization of idle land as urban GOS,

encouraging the greening of private GOS, and the

application of green buildings in accordance with

standards. These efforts are expected to reduce the

city's burden due to environmental degradation as a

impacts of the city's development.

On the other hand, although Gunungpati

Subdistrict is characterized by rural areas, in its

development it tends to override aspects of regional

planning that have a green city concept.

Environmental degradation at urban development

points has begun, from building density, drainage

problems and inadequate urban infrastructure. Efforts

to implement the concept of a green city must also be

implemented properly. In addition, efforts to

overcome the adverse effects of increasing green land

clearing for new residential and business areas. Land

revitalization is absolutely necessary to prevent the

threat of disasters, such as: floods, landslides,

droughts and extreme climate change.

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