The Comparation Study of Orbital Electro Motor Patent

IDP00201300116 with BLDC Motor Construction to the Force and

Torque of the Electric Motor

Rahmat Doni Widodo, Widya Aryadi, Ahmad Rozikin

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia

Keywords: Orbital Electric Motor, BLDC Motor, Magnetic Simulation, Force, Torque

Abstract: This study aims to compare the force and torque generated between orbital electric motor patent

IDP00201300116 with BLDC electric motor. This research was conducted based on magnetic simulation

modelling method using software. Coil wire material using Copper: 5.77e7 Siemens with dimensional cross-

section area of 5x3 cm, iron core using Miscellaneous Steel Material 20PNF1500 with dimensional cross-

section area of 6x2 cm, and permanent magnet using Neodymium Iron Boron 28/23 material with dimensional

cross-section area of 6x2 cm. Simulations are carried out on six rotor magnet position stages which represent

the rotor rotation motion. The simulation results produce the greatest force data that can be generated by

orbital electric motor of 180 N compared to the greatest force of BLDC motor of 159 N, while the greatest

torque capable of being produced by orbital electric motor is 3.58 Nm compared to the torque produced by

BLDC motors of 2.79 Nm. The average force that can be generated by the orbital electric motor is 106.57 N

compared to the BLDC motor of 132.83 N, the average torque produced by the orbital electric motor is 1,619

Nm compared to the BLDC motor of 1,623 Nm. Based on these data, it can be concluded that the construction

of orbitals electric motor at certain test points produces greater force and torque than the BLDC motor, but

BLDC motors have a higher average force and torque.

1 INTRODUCTION

The use of electric motors as a generator of

mechanical motion is currently widely used, to

become the most popular energy conversion system

to produce clean mechanical energy. In the future, the

application of electric motors has a big challenge,

especially the development of electric motor

technology that can produce large power and large

torque efficiently. Many patents were created to make

this happen. The invention proposed by Douglas F.

McFarland US 4473763 A entitled "Solenoid motor",

describes a solenoid motor consisting of a crankshaft

with a number of selenoids surrounding it (Mc.

Farland, 1984). This invention uses translational

motion to rotate the crankshaft so that it is less

efficient. In addition the invention of electric motors

was also stated by Michael John Werson US Patent

5986376 A entitled "Brushless DC motors", which

consists of rotors made of permanent magnets and

stator with iron core and installed windings facing

each other with the rotor (Werson, 1999). This

invention is less capable of producing large torque

due to the direction of the magnetic field produced by

the stator to the rotor or vice versa not in the toroid

core of the magnetic field. This happens because the

location and direction of the stator winding does not

really circle the rotor.

In the construction of the electric motor that is

currently not able to produce large torque due to the

direction of the magnetic field produced by the stator

to the rotor or vice versa is not in the direction that

produces maximum performance. This happens

because the location and direction of the stator

winding does not really circle the rotor or vice versa.

Based on the weakness of the use of magnetic field

force in the types of electric motors that exist, the

researchers developed the concept of electrical orbital

motors where the rotor construction is right at the

center of the toroid magnetic field or in the center of

the coil so that the maximum output energy is

obtained. The concept of orbital electric motor has

been registered for patent by the State University of

Semarang in 2013 and has obtained a patent

Widodo, R., Aryadi, W. and Roziqin, A.

The Comparation Study of Orbital Electro Motor Patent IDP00201300116 with BLDC Motor Construction to the Force and Torque of the Electric Motor.

DOI: 10.5220/0009005600090014

In Proceedings of the 7th Engineering International Conference on Education, Concept and Application on Green Technology (EIC 2018), pages 9-14

ISBN: 978-989-758-411-4

certificate in 2017 with a patent number ID

P00201300116.

Brushless DC motor (BLDC) is an electric motor

that consists of rotors and stators that have front

facing faces. One of the parts consists of a permanent

magnet that is arranged parallel in one axis and has

the same distance between one and the other. The iron

core is one of the surfaces that deal with magnets. Iron

cores are arranged in certain angles and have the same

distance. The wire coil is wrapped around the iron

core where when the windings flow with an electric

current with a certain amount, it will produce torque

which will rotate the rotor (Werson, 1999).

Illustration of BLDC magnet construction can be seen

in the following figure.

Figure 1: BLDC motor construction with permanent

magnet rotors.

The BLDC motor is a type of synchronous motor

because the magnetic field generated by the stator and

the magnetic field generated by the rotor rotates at the

same frequency (Y.S Jeon, 2000). In the brushless DC

motor, polarity reversal is performed by power

transistors switching in synchronization with the rotor

position. Therefore, BLDC motors often incorporate

either internal or external position sensors to sense the

actual rotor position (Madhurima, 2012). Theore-

tically BLDC motor is a constant torque machine but

torque ripple exists practically due to current ripple,

emf waveform imperfections and phase current

commutation to the electric motor. The effects of

torque pulsation in BLDCM are audible noise and

visible vibration in the high precision application

(Babu, 2017). Besides the torque ripple and vibration,

there are more disadvantages from BLDC motor as

shown at Table 1 below.

2 TEST METHOD

2.1 Orbital Electric Motor

This patent is a construction of an electric motor

system circuit that is able to optimize the relative

magnetic force between the stator magnetic field and

the direction of the rotor motion or vice versa. This

patent electric motor construction has a rotor that is

located inside the stator winding cavity, where in the

winding cavity there is a toroid magnetic field center.

Construction and performance is designed by using a

rotor in the form of a ring gear without a shaft. The

use of rotor construction without shaft allows the

windings to be perfectly formed around the rotor. To

get mechanical motion, the inner teeth of the rotor

ring are connected to the sun's gear. This sun gear

shaft is then used as an output in the form of

mechanical rotational energy. When the motor is

working, the ring gears orbiting on the sun gear, this

is why this patent is named orbital electric motor.

Orbital electric motor construction can be seen in the

following figure.

The principle of using the magnetic field center in

the coil as motion energy can also be proven in other

types of motors, including electric axial flux perma-

nent magnet machines (AFPM) and Tubular moving-

magnetic linear oscillating motors (TMML OM).

Axial flux permanent magnet machines become one

Stato

Core

Coil

Magne

Table 1. Advantages and disadvantages of different types of motors (Naser, 2016).

Motor Type

Advantage Disadvantage

BLDC High Power density, High efficiency

Limited speed range,High cost,

h stator core los at hi

h spee

Induction Moto

(IM)

High speed range, High reliability, Low

cost, Ri

idit

in hostile Environments

Low efficiency, Thermal problem at

h spee

Switched

Reluctance Motor

(SRM)

Desirable torque speed characteristics,

High reliability, Low cost, Rigidity in

hostile Environments

High torque ripple and noise, Low

power density, Low efficiency

EIC 2018 - The 7th Engineering International Conference (EIC), Engineering International Conference on Education, Concept and

Application on Green Technology

type of motor that allows to achieve high motor

performance. AFPM motors have high energy, and

light weight. AFPM motor is very suitable to be

applied to the in wheel drive and also the in line drive

on electric vehicles (Emran, 2017). sTMMLOM is an

actuator that works linearly with a high alternating

frequency. The advantages of this tool are efficiency,

performance and simple structure so that it can be

applied to many uses. This tool works without using

a crankshaft so it has an efficiency of 20-30 percent

compared to an electric motor that works with the

principle of rota-tion on the compressor refrigerator

application (Xuensong,2018).

2.2 Simulation and Analysis

The method used in this study is finite element

analysis using software. Finite element analysis is

performed for getting torque, force and flux density

distribution waveforms in static condition. The most

used performance characteristics obtained from the

analysis (Emran, 2017). Testing parameters using

software are based on materials commonly used to

make electric motors. The parameters for testing

simulation using software are as follows.

Coil material : Copper:5.77e7

Siemens/meter

Distace : 5cm

Iron Core material : Miscellaneous Steel Material

20PNF1500

Magnet material : Neodymium Permanent

Magnet Material

Neodymium Iron Boron28/

Coil cros section size : Lenght 5 cm, width 3 cm

Magnet size : Lenght 6 cm, width 2 cm

Iron Core size : Lenght 6 cm thick 2 cm

Current : 2 A 60 hz

Testing simulation using software is represented

by single segment of the electric motor, consisting of

a permanent magnet as a moving part, and one pair of

coils and an iron core. To determine the change in

magnetic force that occurs in one segment of the

electric motor, it is simulated that the magnet motion

moves closer to the coil until it reaches the center of

the coil core, starting from step 1 of the magnet

position farthest from the coil, until step 6 the magnet

position in the center of the coil. The simulation was

carried out on two different electric motor

construction, namely BLDC motor construction and

motor Solenoid construction to be analyzed for the

results of the differences of the two motor

construction.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Simulasi BLDC Motor

BLDC motor construction generally places the coil

and iron core on the center of the electric motor, and

places a permanent magnet on the outside of the

motor. This kind of construction allows the BLDC

motor to work without using a brush. BLDC motor

simulations are performed on single segment of the

electric motor consisting of a permanent magnet, coil

and iron core. Simulations were carried out on six

stages of magnetic motion from step 1 to step 6 to

simulate the motion of the electric motor rotor. The

results of magnetic force simulation using software

obtained at the following graph.

Figure 3: Magnetic flux simulations on BLDC motor

segments.

Magnet

Core

Coil

Figure 2: Orbital electric motor construction design.

The Comparation Study of Orbital Electro Motor Patent IDP00201300116 with BLDC Motor Construction to the Force and Torque of the

Electric Motor

Based on the illustration in Figure 3, it can be seen

that the magnetic force lines formed between the coil.

It create an attractive force to make the magnet

approach the magnetic center of the coil to produce

magnetic force and torque. The simulation results of

magnetic force and torque from different position of

the magnet from step 1 to step 6 are summarized in

Table 2 below

Based on the data shown in Table 2, the strongest

magnetic force simulation results are generated in

step 1 with a force of 159 N. The highest torque is in

step 5, which is 2.79 Nm.

3.2 Simulation of Orbital Electric Motor

Simulations on orbital electric motor use the same

method as simulations on BLDC motors. Simulations

on the orbital electric motor used only one motor

segment consisting of magnet, coil and iron core. The

three parts are made to have dimensions that are not

different from the BLDC type motor but have

different construction. Simulations on the motor

solenoid also use 6 stages of motion to simulate rotor

motion. The simulation results of the motor solenoid

construction using software can be seen from the

illustration of the following simulation results.

Based on the simulation illustration of the

magnetic force inf igure 4, the magnetic force line can

be seen in the middle between the upper and lower

coils which is very dense so that it is depicted in red

indicating a large magnetic force. It is used to draw a

permanent magnet which is positioned in the middle

of the coil so that a greater attraction is produced.

Detailed data from each stage of the simulation of

changes in magnetic position from step 1 to step 6 can

be seen in Table 3 below.

Figure 4. Magnetic flux simulations on orbital electric

motor segments.

Based on the data shown in the Table 3, it can be

seen that the greatest magnetic force generated is in

step 2 with a magnetic force of 180 N. The biggest

torque in the orbital electric motor simulation is

generated in step 1 with a torque of 3.58 Nm.

3.3 Comparative Analysis of BLDC and

Orbital Electric Motor

Based on the data in Table 4, BLDC motor has the

greatest force 159 N and the smallest force is 117 N

Table 2: Simulation of magnet position against magnetic force on the BLDC motor.

Simulation part

Force Torque

X Y Z Magnitude X Y Z Magnitude

Step 1

Coil 1 34 27.2 0 43.6 0 0 -0.883 0.883

Magnet -134 -84.8 0 159 0 0 2.3 2.3

Step 2

Coil 1 31.6 71 0 77.7 0 0 0.982 0.982

Magnet -69.5 -96.5 0 119 0 0 -1.78 1.78

Step 3

Coil 1 14.9 88.5 0 89.7 0 0 0.117 0.117

Magnet -65.5 -119 0 134 0 0 -0.591 0.591

Step 4

Coil 1 0.995 90 0 90 0 0 -1.45 1.45

Magnet -49.9 -142 0 150 0 0 0.765 0.765

Step 5

Coil 1 -9.67 97.5 0 98 0 0 -2.61 -2.61

Magnet 3.36 -118 0 118 0 0 2.79 2.79

Step 6

Coil 1 -18.8 84.4 0 86.4 0 0 -1.5 1.5

Magnet 6.95 -117 0 117 0 0 1.51 1.51

EIC 2018 - The 7th Engineering International Conference (EIC), Engineering International Conference on Education, Concept and

Application on Green Technology

with an average force value 132.8 N. The biggest

force produced by orbital elektric motor is 180 N and

the smallest force is 44.7 N with an average force of

106.6 N. The minimum torque produced by the

BLDC motor is 0.591 Nm and the greatest torque is

2.79 Nm with an average torque of 1.623 Nm. The

minimum torque produced by the electric motor

orbitals is 0.737 Nm and the greatest torque is 3.58

Nm with an average torque of 1,619 Nm.

Figure 5 shows that the force generated by the

BLDC motor tends to be stable with an average force

of 132.8 Nm. Orbital electric motor shows a graph of

unstable force with peak force with the lowest force

having a difference of 135.3 N with the pattern of

force on the orbital electric motor tends to decrease

when approaching the center of selenoid which

simulated in step 6

Table 3: Simulation of magnet position against magnetic force on the orbital electric motor.

Simulation Part

Force (N) Torque (Nm)

X Y Z Magnitude X Y Z Magnitude

Step 1

Coil 1 53 -46.5 0 70.5 0 0 -0.749 0.749

Coil 2 54 45.9 0 70.9 0 0 -1.38 1.38

Magnet -179 0.49 0 179 0 0 3.58 3.58

Step 2

Coil 1 51.5 123 0 133 0 0 0.155 0.155

Coil 2 52.9 124 0 134 0 0 -1.19 1.19

Magnet -180 6.84 0 180 0 0 2.09 2.09

Step 3

Coil 1 24.5 -168 0 169 0 0 -0.399 0.399

Coil 2 24.9 167 0 169 0 0 -0.325 0.325

Magnet -109 -0.002 0 109 0 0 1.63 1.63

Step 4

Coil 1 -5.64 -181 0 181 0 0 0.661 0.661

Coil 2 -5.67 180 0 180 0 0 -0.441 0.441

Magnet -44.7 0.137 0 44.7 0 0 0.889 0.889

Step 5

Coil 1 -31.5 -164 0 167 0 0 -0.101 0.101

Coil 2 -31.5 164 0 167 0 0 1.07 1.07

Magnet 47.9 -0.284 0 47.9 0 0 -0.737 0.737

Step 6

Coil 1 -43.3 -118 0 126 0 0 8.1 8.1

Coil 2 -43.6 118 0 126 0 0 -7.23 7.23

Magnet 78.8 -0.06 0 78.8 0 0 -0.789 0.789

Table 4: Comparative analysis of BLDC and orbital electric moto

Posisi

magnet

BLDC Orbital Motor

Force

Magnitude

(N)

Torque

Magnitude

(Nm)

Force

Magnitude (N)

Torque

Magnitude (Nm)

Step 1 159 2.3 179 3.58

Step 2 119 1.78 180 2.09

Step 3 134 0.591 109 1.63

Step 4 150 0.765 44.7 0.889

Step 5 118 2.79 47.9 0.737

Step 6 117 1.51 78.8 0.789

min 117 0.591 44.7 0.737

max 159 2.79 180 3.58

average 132.8 1.623 106.6 1.619

The Comparation Study of Orbital Electro Motor Patent IDP00201300116 with BLDC Motor Construction to the Force and Torque of the

Electric Motor

Figure 5: Comparison of BLDC and orbital electric

motor force.

Figure 6: Comparison of BLDC and orbital electric

motor torque.

Figure 6 shows that the torque generated by the

BLDC motor fluctuates with an average of 1.623 Nm.

The initial torque of the test on the orbital electric

motor is greater than BLDC motor, but the resulting

torque tends to decrease when approaching the

selenoid center which is simulated in step 6. The

maximum torque utilization in the electric motor

orbitals can be obtained by regulating the switching

of the solenoid current control.

4 CONCLUSION

Based on the comparison of simulation data using

software, the force generated by BLDC motor tends

to be stable with an average force of 132.8N while the

orbitals electric motor produce a fluctuating force

with an average 106.6 N. The torque produced by

BLDC motor fluctuates with the average value is

1.623 Nm while the torque on the Orbital electric

motor decreases with an average value of 1.619 Nm.

Orbital electric motor construction on single

electric motor segment produces a magnetic force and

torque greater than BLDC motor, this is based on the

analysis of BLDC construction resulting in a force of

159 N compared to the force produced by Orbital

electric motors of 180 N, while the greatest torque

BLDC motor is capable of producing 2.79 Nm

compared to the greatest torque of orbital electric

motor 3.58 Nm.

ACKNOWLEGMENT

The disseminating researchers were invited to the

Engineering Faculty of Semarang State University

which had supported the implementation of this

research through a study center's research fund

scheme at Engineering Faculty. Thanks to all parties

who have played a role in the completion of the

research.

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COMPEL

100

150

200

Step

Force(N)

Bldc Orbitalmotor

Step1Step2Step3Step4Step5Step6

Torque(Nm)

bldc orbitalmotor

EIC 2018 - The 7th Engineering International Conference (EIC), Engineering International Conference on Education, Concept and

Application on Green Technology