Thermal Investigation of an Economical Cold Storage with Superlon
Insulation for Fishing Boat
Yanuar
1
, Marcus Alberth Talahatu
1
, Wiwin Sulistyawati
2
, Sealtial Mau
1
and Fajri Ashfi Rayhan
1
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia,Jakarta, Indonesia
2
Department of Shiping Engineering, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jakarta, Indonesia
Keywords: Investigation, Economical, Cold Storage, Superlon.
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to create alternative economic storage which advantages on extending the
durability and the ability for cold storage. The alternative storage had used the Styrofoam box by 3 insulations
models: superlon, without superlon, and sawdust. The investigation carried out on the measurement of inside
temperature of the box and the wall for 3 days per one hour. The measurement tool used type K thermocouple
with error limit: +/- 1.1 degrees Celsius or 0.4%, with statistical data processing. Styrofoam box with superlon
insulation has the ability of ice to survive until melted for 96 hours, without superlon only lasts for 12-13
hours while with sawdust insulation could last for 60 hours.
1 INTRODUCTION
The boat without equipped proper fish storage that
will be suffered damage 20-30% before getting to the
dock. It is essential to know that keeping the storage
at temperatures below 10°C which the decomposition
activity both of chemical and enzymatic dropped,
accordingly inhibit the growth of microbes (Buckle,
1978). This study provided the alternative cold
storage by using Styrofoam box and superlon sheet
with insulated container system for small fishing boat
6-23 GT with economical prices and affordable for
small fishing communities. Styrofoam box had
selected due to its properties: the non-heat
conductive, lightweight, easy to obtain and a product
that can be used repeatedly. While superlon had
advantages: flexible and lightweight, Nitrile
elastomer foam for thermal insulation, also had a low
thermal conductivity with highly efficient and
effective in insulating cooling systems.
The research on an alternative to fresh fish storage
could be found in Bonan (2016) by Styrofoam with
'ela sago' lamination. It founded that the decreasing
rate of temperature of fish in the cold box with
Styrofoam isolation without 'ela sago' of 0.13°C/min
and could maintain the fish temperature at 3.6°C until
180 minutes. While the decreasing rate of the cold
box with 'ela sago' isolation of 0.045°C/min. Another
researcher on cold storage for fish in a dried system
was by Suryaningrum et al (2001) using materials:
sawdust, newsprint, wood shavings, burlap, and sand.
The temperatures of storage could be last up to 14-
15
o
C on 9 hours for shrimp and 25-40 hours for
lobster.
The purpose of this study is to create an
alternative cold storage which good on long-lasting
storage capabilities and economic. By using the
Styrofoam box as a container with insulation that it
substitutes for cold storage on the small fishing boats.
It had affordable both of materials and prices, so it
enabled for small fisherman communities to make
their own. Therefore, with this cold storage, the fish
freshness estimation could be extended until to the
consumer and of course the price will be more
expensive.
2 TEST METHOD
The experiment was using a Styrofoam box with three
different treatments. The first was a Styrofoam box
without insulation that commonly used by fishermen.
Secondly, a Styrofoam box laminated by a superlon
sheet with adhesive a duct tip. And lastly, a
Styrofoam box with isolation sawdust. The
experiments were conducted to find out the
temperature of the three Styrofoam box on inside and
its wall for every 15 minutes for 10 hours.
Yanuar, ., Talahatu, M., Sulistyawati, W., Mau, S. and Rayhan, F.
Thermal Investigation of an Economical Cold Storage with Superlon Insulation for Fishing Boat.
DOI: 10.5220/0009005500050008
In Proceedings of the 7th Engineering International Conference on Education, Concept and Application on Green Technology (EIC 2018), pages 5-8
ISBN: 978-989-758-411-4
Copyright
c
 2020 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved
5

Table 1: Characteristics physical of superlon (source: Asiatic Refrigeration Pte Ltd).
Average Physical Properties
Rating Test Method
Density (kg/m³) 70-90 ASTM D 1667
Thermal Conductivity Mean Temp. @
1 0°C
0.28 Btu.in/hr.ft
2
.F
0.04 W/m°C
(0.0346 Kcal/mh°C)
ASTMC 518
Temperature Limits °C -40°C to + 1 05°C -
Thermal Stability (% shrinkage)
7 days - 200°F
7 days - 220°F
4.5
5.5
ASTM C 534
ASTM C 534
Fire Resistance
Class 0
Class 1
Self Extinguishing
V-O, 5VA
BS 476 Part 6
BS 476 Part 7
ASTM D-635 UL94 / JIS K6911
Toxicity 4.9 NES 713
Water Absorption 4.37
ASTM C 272 /
ASTM 1056
Water Vapour Permeability
Perm - In. Max g/Pa.s.m.²
0.29 ug.m/N.h
8.17x 10
14
ASTM E 96
Ozone Resistance Excellent ASTM D 1171 / JIS K6301
The equipment and materials of the experiments
used, i.e., type K thermocouple with error limits: +/-
1.1C or 0.4%, Styrofoam box, superlon sheet, duct
tip, and ice block. The first step of the experiment was
checking on the accuracy of the tool of calibration as
a verification process of measuring instruments.
Secondly, checking in the box was entirely tightly
closed was no air coming out and vice versa. The
value had taken from its average result of 5 times
measurements.
The Styrofoam box had a dimension of 52 cm in
length, 37 cm in width, 32 cm in height, and the
superlon sheet with a thickness of 2 cm which the
characteristics described in Table 1.
The amount of ice or the ratio between the amount
of both ice and fish is the factor that determines the
temperature in the box and concerns the temperature
of the fish to be achieved. Based on the Indonesian
regulations from the Directorate General of Quality
of the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries
regarding the standard of handling of fresh sea fish on
board that the ratio of the amount of fish and ice for
hatch with wood coating and without insulation layer
is 1: 1.5 (1 kg of ice used to 1.5 kg of fish). And the
placement of ice in the box by arranging fish and ice
alternately, where ice on the bottom layer and the top.
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The economical heat insulation material is the
optimum density variation of material at minimum
thermal conductivity (Stephenson, 2012). The
Ministry of Agriculture of Indonesia (1981) had
indicated the cooling temperature significantly
effects on durability and shelf life of fish as listed in
Table 2. An alternative cold storage in this study
expected as a solution for the durability and shelf life
of fish with accessible materials, practical, affordable
price and long-lasting storage.
The Styrofoam box without superlon at the initial
30 minutes showed inside temperature of the box
9.2
o
C and wall of 22.2
o
C. After 2 hours, inside
temperature tends to rise slowly with changes only
occur in the number behind the comma. By day-2,
inside temperature of the box reached about 10.7
o
C
for the initial, while the wall 21.8
o
C. Up to 12 hours
passed inside temperature tends to rise slowly. By
day-3, inside temperature of the box reached about
11.8
o
C for the initial, while the wall 21.8oC. At the
end of measurement after 12 hours, inside
temperature reached about 12.7
o
C with some ice had
melted, and the wall reached 23.5
o
C. The
measurement results every one hour in 3 days
expressed in the graph shown in Figure 1.
Table 2: Endurance of fish in storage.
Degree Feasibility of consumption
16
o
C 1 -2 days
11
o
C 3 days
5
o
C 5 days
0
o
C 14 - 15 days
The Styrofoam box with superlon on day-1 at the
initial 30 minutes showed inside temperature of the
box of 5.0
o
C, and the wall of 23.0
o
C. Until 12 hours
passed, inside temperature still in 5.0
o
C, but the wall
reached 23.3
o
C. By day-2, inside still in 5.0
o
C for the
EIC 2018 - The 7th Engineering International Conference (EIC), Engineering International Conference on Education, Concept and
Application on Green Technology
6

initial, while the wall 22.6
o
C. Up to 12 hours passed,
inside showed up to 6.0
o
C and the wall in 23,2
o
C. By
day-3, inside reached till on 6.0
o
C for the initial, while
the wall 22.8
o
C. At the end of measurement after 12
hours, inside reached about 7.2
o
C with some ice had
melted, and the wall still in 22.8
o
C. The measurement
results every one hour in 3 days expressed in the
graph shown in Figure 2.
10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
Temperature in Celcius
Time
Inbox_day 1
Inbox_day 2
Inbox_day 3
Wall_day 1
Wall_day 2
Wall_day 3
Figure 1: Styrofoam box without superlon.
10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00
0
5
10
15
20
25
Temperature in Celcius
Time
Inbox_day 1
Inbox_day 2
Inbox_day 3
Wall_day 1
Wall_day 2
Wall_day 3
Figure 2: Styrofoam box with superlon.
For the box with sawdust insulation in day-1 after
30 minutes showed inside temperature of the box
7.4
o
C, and the wall of 22.6
o
C. Until 12 hours passed
inside reduce to 7.1
o
C and the wall 22.3
o
C. In day-2,
inside still reached to 7.2
o
C for the initial, while the
wall 21.8
o
C. Up to 12 hours passed inside up to 7.7
o
C
and the wall in 22,6
o
C. By day-3, inside reached about
7.9
o
C for the initial, while the wall 21.8
o
C. At the end
of measurement after 12 hours, inside reached about
9.1
o
C with some ice had melted, and the wall still in
23.5
o
C. The measurement results every one hour in 3
days expressed in the graph shown in Fig 3.
The tests had shown that Styrofoam with superlon
lasts longer in maintaining ice conditions, also better
than Styrofoam boxes without superlon and box with
sawdust insulation.
10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00
0
5
10
15
20
25
Temperature in Celcius
Time
Inbox_day 1
Inbox_day 2
Inbox_day 3
Wall_day 1
Wall_day 2
Wall_day 3
Figure 3: Box with sawdust isolation.
4 CONCLUSIONS
The experiment had analysed on Styrofoam box with
3 insulation materials as alternative cold storage. The
results had shown the Styrofoam box with superlon
insulation able to keep ice more prolonged than the
others, which the lowest inside temperature of 5oC
and the highest of 7
o
C, after 3 days. While the box
without insulation, the temperature inside reached
about 12.7
o
C and the wall 23.5
o
C, after 12 hours. The
insulation between sawdust and superlon showed
superlon insulation more extended 3-5 hours in
storing ice than sawdust insulation.
This study still had a lot of weaknesses especially
on variations of insulation materials and methods.
The results were not a statement that Styrofoam with
superlon the best as alternative cold storage. It
expects that more research alternative cold storage on
other raw materials for insulation. And also analyse
the factors of the influence temperature fluctuations
as well as find other alternative materials as well.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work was supported by Pengmas UI 2018
(Program IPTEKS Bagi Masyarakat) with no.
6224/UN2.R3.1/PPM.00.01/2018. We would like to
express gratitude for the valuable support of the
fishing communities of Karangantu and sincere
thanks to Head of Kasemen Sub-District, Serang
District, Drs. Subagyo, Msi.
Thermal Investigation of an Economical Cold Storage with Superlon Insulation for Fishing Boat
7

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EIC 2018 - The 7th Engineering International Conference (EIC), Engineering International Conference on Education, Concept and
Application on Green Technology
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