Mangrove Suitability for Ecotourism Location in Tuada Village,

Jailolo, West Halmahera

Hernita Pasongli, Vrita Tri Aryuni, and Nurain Sirajudin

Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Khairun University, Ternate, Indonesia

Keywords: Ecotourism, Land suitability, Mangrove.

Abstract: Tuada Beach in West Halmahera is one of the local tourist destinations in North Maluku which still has

mangrove in the side part. Instead of its beautiful view of the beach, the mangrove's itself have potential to

be developed as ecotourism spot for those who are interesting in a special adventure. The objective of the

research was to identify mangrove ecotourism potential and assessment its suitability as ecotourism in

Tuada Beach, Jailolo, West Halmahera. The research method was by mapping, weighting and scoring

variables, continued with overlay analysis. Variables of the assessment were mangrove density, thickness

and variety, accessibility, slope, and freshwater supply. Slope data were generated from map contour, while

freshwater supply, accessibility, and mangrove variables collected with field surveys. Results showed that

mangrove thickness was suitable. It has a flat slope, which very suitable for ecotourism. Tidal range varies

between 3-1.7 meters which suitable for ecotourism, while water supply located for 0.1 – 0.67 km from the

area and it's considered suitable for ecotourism. This area has good accessibility. For the density of

mangrove varies between rare until very dense, while its variety consists of 8 species. Tuada Beach has the

potential to be developed for mangrove ecotourism, as its suitability varies from moderate suitable (S2) to

highly suitable (S1). For its potential and suitability, the facilities need to improve as this beach

recommended for ecotourism spot. Yet, in some part of the area need cultivation, so that the conservation of

the mangrove could've sustainable.

1 INTRODUCTION

Mangrove is a woody plant that grows on the

surface between the sea and land, both in tropical

and subtropical regions. Generally, these plants are

found in areas with high salinity, calm waves, strong

winds, high temperatures, and muddy anaerobic

soils. Mangrove forests have many functions, both

ecologically and economically. This forest provides

shelter, food, spawning for various kinds of marine

and terrestrial organisms, niche providers for

organisms that depend on coastal ecosystems,

carbon sinks, and as a nursery ground for organisms

living on the sea. Mangrove could also useful for

fisheries, agriculture, forestry, regional protection

coastal areas from erosion, sources of wood raw

materials for firewood and building materials,

tourism and other benefits (Kathiresan and

Bingham,2001; Doydee, Doungnamol and Jaitrong,

2010; Pinto,1986 in Dissanayake and

Chandrasekara, 2014; Lee et. al., 2014; Sirajudin,

2018 ).

North Maluku has potential in coastal ecotourism

development, especially mangrove ecotourism.

Mangrove ecotourism plays an important role in

maintaining the authenticity of nature and the

coastal environment, as well as maintain the

preservation of flora and fauna in the area. Tuada

Beach in West Halmahera was one of the local

tourist destinations in North Maluku which still has

mangrove in the side part. Instead of its beautiful

view of the beach, the mangrove's itself have

potential to be developed as ecotourism spot for

those who are interesting in a special adventure. The

objective of the research was to identify mangrove

ecotourism potential and assessment its suitability as

ecotourism in Tuada Beach, Jailolo, West

Halmahera1.1 Subsection heading

2 METHOD

The research method was by mapping, weighting

and scoring all the variables, continued with overlay

Pasongli, H., Aryuni, V. and Sirajudin, N.

Mangrove Suitability for Ecotourism Location in Tuada Village, Jailolo, West Halmahera.

DOI: 10.5220/0008899702230227

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Teaching and Learning (ICTL 2018), pages 223-227

ISBN: 978-989-758-439-8

223

analysis and reclassification with Geographical

Information System, using ArcGis 10.

2.1 Data Collection

Variables of the assessment were mangrove density,

thickness and variety, accessibility, slope, and

freshwater supply, as can be seen on table 1. Slope

data were generated from map contour, while

freshwater supply, accessibility, and mangrove

variables collected with field survey. Range tide

data was collected by secondary data, gathered from

Dishidros Indonesian Navy.

Table 1: Matrix Mangrove Suitability for Ecotourism.

Variables Weight

Highly Suitable

(S1) (score 3)

Moderate

Suitable(S2)

(score 2)

Marginally

Suitable (S3)

(score 1)

Mangrove

diversity

3 > 5 3-5 1-2

Mangrove

thickness (m)

3 > 500 > 200 – 500 50-200

Mangrove

density

3 >15-25 (100m²) >10-15 5-10

Range tide (m) 1 0-1 >1-2 > 2- 5

Freshwater

supply (Km)

1 < 1 1-2 > 2 Km

Accessibility 1 Good average bad

Slope 1

Nearly

level/Very

gently sloping

Steep Very steep

Source: Yulianda, 2007, with modification.

2.2. Suitability Analysis of Ecotourism

for Mangrove Forests on Tuada

Beach

Determination of the suitability of the mangrove

ecotourism class index can be determined based on

the assessment of the mangrove ecotourism

suitability matrix. Based on primary data and

secondary data, the land suitability class is obtained.

This suitability class was established based on

overlay variables thas has been weighted and scored,

thus defined by its class interval as can be seen in

table 2.

Table 2: Suitability Interval Based Category.

Class Category

Suitability

Interval

S1 highly suitable > 31

Moderate

suitable

22-30

S3 not suitable 13-21

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The results obtained from this research study were

presented in form of maps.

3.1 Mangrove Diversity

Mangrove diversity represents the variability of its

species of the area. Higher variability reflects its

potential for ecotourism.

Table 3: Mangrove composition on Tuada Beach, 2018.

Mangrove

Station

1 2 3 4 5

1. Rhizophora

mucronata L

+ + + + +

2. Bruguiera

ymnorrhiza

+ +

3. Ceriops tagal

(perr)

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224

vicennia marina +

5. Rhizophora

apiculata BI

+ +

6 Avicennia

officinalis

+ +

7 Xylocarpus

ranatum

+ +

8 Xylocarpus

moluccensis

+ + +

9 N

ruticans + + - - -

Total 6 6 3 3 3

Average 4,2 ~ 4 (S2)

(+) found

(-) not found

Based on table 3, it can be concluded that mangrove

of Tuada Beach consisted of 9 different species

which are Rhizophora mucronata L, Bruguiera

gymnorrhiza, Ceriops tagal (perr), Avicennia

marina, Rhizophora apiculata BI, Avicennia

officinalis, Xylocarpus granatum, Xylocarpus

moluccensis and Nypa fruticans. Mangrove in each

station could be different, RhizophorRga mucranata

L, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Ceriops tagal (perr),

Xylozarpus granatum and Xylozarpus moluccensi

and Nypa fruticans (1

station). Rhizophora

mucronata L, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Avicennia

marina, Rhizophora apiculata BI, Xylocarpus

moluccensis, and Nypa fruticans (2

station),

Rhizophora mucronata L, Rhizophora apiculata BI

and Xylocarpus granatum (3

station). Rhizophora

mucronata, Avicennia officinalis and Xylocarpus

moluccensis could be found in 4

station, while

Rhizophora mucronata L, and Avicennia officinalis

for the 5

station. In average there are 4,2 ~4

different species within the area so that concluded as

moderately suitable (S2) for ecotourism.

3.2 Density and Mangrove Thickness

The distribution of mangrove density in the study

area has a very rare, rare, medium and very dense in

density. Its density is considered not suitable (S3).

Mangrove thickness at I-V station has an average

mangrove thickness 550-600 m. The thickness at the

station to station 5 can be categorized moderately

suitable (S2) because it is in the value of more than

500 m.

3.3 Slope

The slope of the beach in Tuada village is

categorized as flat to almost flat with a value of ˂

3% so that was highly suitable for ecotourism (S1).

Flat slope and sloping is very suitable for bathing

and swimming activities (Purbani, 1999). A slope

can affect the safety of visitors when bathing and

swimming on the beach. Slope could also effect on

abrasion and a land subsidence, which makes the

soil unstable and change its location, thus affects the

saplings of mangroves that grow and expand along

the coast

3.4 Tidal Range

Based on tidal data from the results of the previous

research and tidal data from Dishidros AL (2009), it

is known that in Jailolo has the same type as other

area in the Halmahera island group, which has two

episodes of equal high water and two episodes of

low water each day (Semi-Diurnal Tide Type).

Data showed that tidal ranges generally range

from 3 to 1,7 meters that could cause more shallow

parts of the water to appear on the surface. The tidal

range concluded moderately suitable (S2) because of

its safety reason and its effects on the vertical

distribution of mangroves.

3.5 Freshwater Supply

The existing water resources in an area greatly

influences the economic activities of the population

in the region. The existence of clean water is very

influential in the development of tourism objects and

the surrounding area. In coastal tourism areas, the

availability of fresh water is the main object besides

sea water. Freshwater sources come from

underground springs and rivers that are adjacent to

tourist sites. The result showed that water resources

in Tuada beach for tourism activities came from

Todowongi River and resident wells within 0.1-0.67

Km perimeter. Based on the criteria in the land

suitability matrix, the availability of fresh water is

categorized as highly suitable (S1) because the

freshwater resource located was only < 0.5 km from

the area. With the presence of fresh water sources

that are close to the beach, this can support the

activities of visitors or tourists. The source of fresh

water is absolutely necessary, especially for the

survival of the population and supporting the

development of the potential for tourism in the area

of small islands (Dahuri, 2003). And when

conducting tourism activities, the availability of

clean water is very necessary to support

management facilities and tourism services

(Handayani, 2010).

Mangrove Suitability for Ecotourism Location in Tuada Village, Jailolo, West Halmahera

225

3.6 Accessibility

Accessibility is the the link between zones whose

forms are in the form of transport facilities in the

broadest sense, covering transportation networks,

such as: terminal capacity (airports, ports, and

stations), road networks, and service networks,

including: vehicle availability / transportation

(transportation modes), costs reasonable, and

reliable service. In addition, the frequency and speed

of service can result in long distances as if being

closer. Increased accessibility means shortening the

time and will certainly reduce costs.

The land suitability class was obtained based on the

suitability interval. As could be seen that the Tuada

Beach categorized as highly suitable (S1) and

moderately suitable (S2).

Figure 1: Mangrove suitability map for ecotourism in Tuada Village, Jailolo, West Halmahera.

Results showed that mangrove thickness was

suitable. It has a flat slope, which very suitable for

ecotourism. Tidal range varies between 3-1.7 meters

which suitable for ecotourism, while water supply

located for 0.1 – 0.67 km from the area and it's

considered suitable for ecotourism. This area has

good accessibility. For the density of mangrove

varies between rare until very dense, while its

variety consists of 8 species.

4 CONCLUSION

Tuada Beach has the potential to be developed for

mangrove ecotourism, as its suitability varies from

suitable to highly suitable (S1). For its potential and

suitability, the facilities need to improve as this

beach recommended for ecotourism spot. Yet, in

some part of the area need cultivation, so that the

conservation of the mangrove could've sustainable.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors of this paper are thankful to Dr

Abdulrasyid Tolangara, M.Si for his support during

the research and PKUPT as the main support for the

funding.

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