The Effect of Positive Affirmation Technique on Self-confidence at

PGPAUD FKIP Students of Khairun University

Darmawati

, Dewi Mufidatul Ummah

, Andi Agustan Arifin

PGSD, FKIP Khairun University, Ternate, Indonesia

PGPAUD, FKIP Khairun University, Ternate, Indonesia

Keywords: Positive affirmation, Self-confidence.

Abstract: This study examines the effect of positive affirmation techniques on self-confidence at PAUD FKIP

students of UNKHAIR. The purpose of this study is to know the effect of positive affirmation techniques on

self-confidence at PAUD FKIP students of UNKHAIR. The research method used quantitative research

with the pre-experimental type design, one group pretest-posttest. Data processing was done by

statistics. The sample was 30 people taken by using simple random sampling. Data

collection techniques used questionnaires and observation. Technique of analyzing data used descriptive

analysis and inferential statistic analysis, namely t-test. The results of the study showed that: (1) Positive

affirmation technique could be conducted by using affirmation sentences, such as messages or the power of

suggestions which were internalized into oneself and carried out repeatedly to create new values. (2) The

level of self-confidence of the PG PAUD students of UNKHAIR before being given a positive affirmation

technique showed it was in the low category and after being given a positive affirmation technique based on

the posttest results, it was in the high category. It means that there was an effect

of applying positive affirmation techniques to increase students’ self-confidence

1 INTRODUCTION

In human life, everything cannot be separated

from education process, both formal and non-

formal has the same goal, namely to educate humans

become useful creatures and beneficial in their

lives. But, in the way of life often involves many

obstacles and problems that obstruct the

process someone's education.

Faculty of Teacher Training and Education as

one of the institutions, which produce prospective

teachers, must provide reinforcement to students in

personality construction. Courage as a manifestation

of confidence in students can not automatically grow

by themselves without trained it continuously.

Therefore, students must have a good foundation on

self-confidence to be able to construct the character

education in herself. In university environment, PG

PAUD students are one of the intellectual figures

who can become a professional educator, so students

whose have good confidence will express all their

potential optimistically and easily without

hesitation. Confidence is a mental condition

or psychological of a person who gives a strong

belief in himself to do or do something (Thantaway,

2005).

Getting self-confidence is not easy, probably

because someone has done a failure that made him

traumatized. So there was a crisis of confidence

because the failure would be left in his mind and

made him anxious to repeat the mistake. The reality

happened to students in PG PAUD based on

the result of preliminary with the Lead of PG PAUD

Study Program, there are a number of students (40%

-50%) who had low confidence that is generally

characterized by unsure of their abilities, so they are

afraid to take risks, afraid to make a reasonable

calculation, be pessimist,

shy, anxious, negative thinking and

introvert, so decrease

the student participation in learning activities in the

classroom.

One way used to increase self-confidence is

to think positively. Positive thinking is thinking

Darmawati, ., Ummah, D. and Ariﬁn, A.

The Effect of Positive Afﬁrmation Technique on Self-conﬁdence at PG PAUD FKIP Students of Khairun University.

DOI: 10.5220/0008896900300033

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Teaching and Learning (ICTL 2018), pages 30-33

ISBN: 978-989-758-439-8

activity that aim to build up and evoke positive

aspects of ourselves potential, enthusiasm and

confidence. Positive affirmation is a technique of

positive thinking about oneself, namely

focusing attention to the power of self, notices

yourself positively. Individuals who think positive

will see himself valuable, have talent and strength

in certain fields, so he will love himself and have

high self confidence. Affirmation can be arranged

according to your needs or each other's wishes. This

can be aimed at changing attitude and someone's

behavior.

Affirmation technique can be defined as a

technique that is done consciously by the individual

to change his behavior by stating positive words

repeatedly as an instruction to the subconscious

mind to do positive behavior to replace

or alter negative behavior (Pija saksono, 2001).

Affirmation is an acceptance statement that is used

by ourselves with abundant freedom, prosperity and

peace. Affirmation can also be positive sentences or

a group of sentences arranged into one. Affirmation

used correctly is very strong psychological tools to

grow up (Abdurrahman, 2012). Through the

technique of self affirmation, illogical or irrational

mindset changed through positive statements or

affirmation made and stated repeatedly to

ourselves. Positive affirmation and feeling will

increase energy and bring positive things in

life. Whereas negative affirmation and feeling tend

to be tiring and potentially cause failure. In addition,

it also makes someone older faster and uninteresting

(Ola, 2008).

2 METHOD

This study is a quantitative research with a type

of pre- experiment. The design used is "One Group

Pretest-Posttest Design ". (Gay, 2006). Processing

the data is done by statistical methods. The subject is

30 students taken by using simple random

sampling. Data collection techniques used

questionnaires and observations.

The variables in this study are positive

affirmation techniques as independent variables (X)

and student self-confidence as dependent variable

(Y). Positive affirmation techniques are methods of

self-affirmation using positive sentences that are

repeated over and over which are transmitted into

the conscious mind to get new behavioral

changes. Confidence is a belief in the ability of

students which are characterized by believe and sure

of their own capabilities in dealing with problems as

expected, act / think positively, have responsibility,

optimistic, believe in own ability.

The data analysis technique used in this study

is descriptive analysis and statistical analysis t-test.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The results of the study carried out on students of

PG PAUD FKIP UNKHAIR are to determine the

level of confidence through the experimental

approach by giving treatment in positive affirmation

techniques. The results of these studies are presented

in descriptive and

inferential statistical analyzes and t-tests for

hypothesis testing.

Descriptive statistics analysis are intended to

obtain an overview of the level of students

confidence before (pretest) and after (posttest) being

given positive affirmation techniques. It will

be presented in a frequency distribution table of

the level of student confidence.

Table 1: The Results of the Frequency Distribution

Analysis of Students' Self-confidence before (pre-test) and

after (post-test) Affirmation Technique.

Table 1 shows that, before being given affirmation

technique, level confidence of PG PAUD FKIP

students OF UNKHAIR is in very low category

contain of 4 respondents (13.33%), low category are

21 respondents (70%), then medium category are 5

respondents (16.66%), while no respondents are in

high and very high category. Furthermore, according

to the average value obtained are 70.6, where the

average value is at intervals of 56-80 namely low. It

means that the level of confidence in PG PAUD

FKIP students of UNKHAIR is in the low category.

After being given the treatment in three

session affirmation technique, the level of

confidence PG PAUD FKIP students of UNKHAIR

is increased. It can be seen from most of

the students' level of confidence is in very high

Interval Category Pretes

Posttes

131 -155

Very

high

0 0% 11 36.67%

106 -130

High 0 0% 14 46.67%

81-105

Medium 5 16.66% 5 16.66%

56 - 80

Low 21 70% 0 0%

31 - 55

Very low 4 13.34% 0 0%

Total 30 100% 30 100%

The Effect of Positive Afﬁrmation Technique on Self-conﬁdence at PG PAUD FKIP Students of Khairun University

category contain of 11 respondents (36.66%), high

category are 14 respondents and medium category

are 5 respondents (16.66%), whereas no respondents

who are in low and very low category. Furthermore,

according to the average value obtained are 123.43,

where the average value is in the interval 106-130

namely high. It means that the level of students’

confidence is in high category.

Thus, it is implicit that the confidence

of students during pretest administration is in low

category, while at posttest is in high category. So,

students’ confidence before and after

treatment affirmation technique showed significant

improvement.

The results of the average value distribution

analysis in the experimental group at the pretest and

posttest with the application of affirmation

techniques to the PG PAUD FKIP students of

UNKHAIR as follows:

Table 2: Analysis of the Distribution of the Average Value

of the Pre-test-Post-test.

Data

Group Mean Interval Classi -

fication

Pretest Experi-

men

70.6

56 - 80

Low

Posttest Experi-

ment

123

106 -

130

High

From table 2, it can be seen that the average pretest

score on the variable level of self-confidence of

FKIP UNKHAIR PG PAUD students in the

experimental group is 70.6, in the low category. This

is much influenced by the psychological condition

of students which is generally known as negative

self-concept which still dominates students in

general. After giving treatment as affirmative

technical training, then the researcher measure the

level of student confidence and the results of

analysis can be seen that the average students’

confidence is 123 which is increase or belong to the

high category.

The hypothesis proposed in this study is "there is

a significant difference between student

confidence before (pretest) and

after (posttest) given positive affirmation technique

treatment". This hypothesis testing is done by t-

test using SPSS version 17.0. Based on this, the

results of calculations are as summarized in the

following table:

Table 3: The Results of t-test Analysis of the Difference

between Students’ Confidence at Pre-test and Post-test.

Paired Differences

Mean Std.

Devia-

tion

Sig.

(2-

tailed)

Pre-

Postest

52.83 18.293 15.819

.000

Based on Table 4 above, it can be seen that

the obtained value of t-test = 15.819 with df = 2 9.

Price t

table

at t

0, 05

= 2.0 5 with a significant value

(P) = 0.000 <α = 0.05. Probability number

Asmyp . Sig (2-tailed) the self-confidence of FKIP

UNKHAIR PG PAUD students in the experimental

group is 0.000, or the probability is lower than alpha

0.05 (0.000 <0.05). From these results, Ho is

rejected and H

1 is

accepted. Thus, the hypothesis

tested in this study is acceptable, namely "there is a

significant difference between students’ self

confidence in experimental

group pretest and posttest given positive

affirmation technique treatment".

Based on the posttest results, there was a change

in students' self-confidence which at the beginning

had low self-confidence. The change is

assumed because of the treatment given to students

with positive affirmation techniques. Individuals

(students) who have high positive emotion are able

to be seen and will regularly be seen as happy

individuals, enthusiastic, confident, and more

excited doing all activities. On the other hand,

individuals who have high negative emotion tend to

show nervous, full of guilt, fear and

shame (Supradewi, 2008).

Affirmation technique is a technique to

change illogical or irrational mindset altered through

positive statements or affirmation that are made and

expressed repeatedly to their own self. In other

words, students are independently able to positively

affirm themselves in overcoming the problems they

face. Making and restating a positive statement to

own self so that feelings and the actions taken can be

as expected. The increase of student self-confidence

is supported by the results

of previous studies conducted by Creswell et al.,

(2013) which showed that positive affirmation can

improve one's performance in solving problems

under psychological stress (under stressful

conditions). Similar in the Pinilih study, SS et al.

(2014) revealed that there was a

significant difference between the level of anxiety at

ICTL 2018 - The 1st International Conference on Teaching and Learning

the time of measurement before being given positive

affirmation and the level of anxiety after being given

positive affirmation. So, it can be concluded that

using effective positive affirmation techniques can

change one's negative thoughts. Affirmation

manipulation has the potential to increase motivation

and better self-confidence and optimism.

In line with the results of the study, (Wuryanano,

2006) that the technique of self-affirmation has

proven its effectiveness to many people who have

problems with themselves. The technique of

repeated self-affirmation will greatly affect

the imagination in the subconscious mind. If the

subconscious mind is so strong about the impression

of repetition of the mind, the results obtained from

self-affirmation will be optimal.

4 CONCLUSION

Based on the results of study on the effect of

applying positive affirmation techniques to

improve the confidence of students of the PG PAUD

FKIP students of UNKHAIR, it can be

concluded that (1) the application of positive

affirmation techniques can be done by using

affirmation sentences, such as messages or powers

of suggestion internalized into themselves and

carried out repeatedly to create new beliefs. (2) The

level of self-confidence of the PG PAUD students of

UNKHAIR before being given a positive affirmation

technique showed it was in the low category and

after being given a positive affirmation technique

based on the posttest results, it was in the high

category. It shows that there is a significant effect

of the application of

positive affirmation techniques to the increase of

students’ confidence.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The Institute of Research and Community Service of

Khairun University of Ternate which has funded this

research through the University-level Competitive

Competitive Research (PKUPT), thanks to the PG

PAUD study program coordinator of FKIP

UNKHAIR who was pleased to provide support for

conducting this research, thanks to students who

have helped in conducting research. Thank you to

the team of reviewers who are willing to give advice

in writing research articles.

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The Effect of Positive Afﬁrmation Technique on Self-conﬁdence at PG PAUD FKIP Students of Khairun University