Effect of Giving Several Formulations of Biological Fertilizers based

on Organic Liquid Waste on Growth and Production of Soybean

(Glycine max (L.) Merill) on Peat Soil Medium

Hapsoh, Isna Rahma Dini, Wawan and Zulfirman Andry

Universitas Riau,Kampus Bina Widya Km 12,5 Simpang Baru Pekanbaru 28293 Indonesia

Keywords: Soybean, Peatland, Biological fertilizers.

Abstract: Soybean production in Riau Provinceis still not able to fulfill community requirment compared to overseas

production. One of efforts to increase production isusing peatlands. Utilizations of peatlandsbecoming

agriculture landface are of several things such as low pH and low nutrition. Effortto overcome peatland

condition isusing local biofertilizers that containBacillus cereus combined with various types of liquid

organic litter. This research was conducted by organicmaterial from soybean plants in peat soil media. This

study used completely randomized design with 6 treatments. Treatmentsinclude 6 levels such as P0 (air) P1

(B. cereus without formulation) P2 (B.cereus + air rice washing) P3 (B.cereus + coconut water) P4

(B.cereus + tofu water) P5 and (B.cereus + waste water palm oil (LCPKS). Theresults of the study showed

that the application of biological fertilizers based on organic litter affects the amount of chlorophyll,

percentage of root nodules, seed weight of each plant and weight of one hundred seeds. Biofertilizer based

on organic litter coconut water is the best treatment for parameters of percentage of root nodules, weight of

seed ofeach plant and weight of one hundred seeds.

1 INTRODUCTION

Soybeans are vegetable ingredients that contain a lot

of proteins very important for human body. Soybean

production in Riau Province reached 2,145 tons of

dry beans (Statistics Indonesia Riau, 2016). This

amount is not able to meet the needs of the

community so that soybeans are imported from

abroad. One effort to increase soybean production is

extensification by utilization peatland.

Peatland is a soil that is formed to an imbalance

of the rate of accumulation of organic material

which is higher than the decomposition of organic

matter due to flooding. According to Directorate of

Forest Area Planning (Directorate of Forest Area

Planning,2013), Riau Province has an area of

peatland amount 3.9 million hectares. Peatland is

naturally in waterlogged conditions difficult to be

cultivated such as plantations. This can be overcome

by drainage and adjusting the groundwater level.

Peatlandgroundwater level based on Government

Regulation No. 71 Article 23 Paragraph 3 of 2014

may not be more than 40 cm, so that the land is not

categorized damaged. This regulation supports the

developmentof food crops such as soybean plants

which have shallower roots than plantation crops.

Soybean cultivation on peatlands has several

obstacles such as acidic pH and low nutrient

availability (Najiyati et al., 2005), and to overcome

this obstacles, one of the efforts that can be done is

by utilizing biofertilizers made from local microbes

namelyBacillus cereuscombined with organic litter

and expected to increase soybean growth and

production. Bacillus cereusis obtained from the

isolation of rice straw on peatlands (Hapsoh et al.,

2016).

Bacillus cereus is a gram-positive bacteria that

can be found in dead plant litter and soil (Huang et

al., 2005). These bacterias are able to produce IAA

hormones, mineralization of organic matter (Ida et

al., 2014), antifungi (Montealegre et al., 2003) and

antibacterials (Makovitzki et al., 2007). The results

of the study by Sri et al., (Sri et al.,2015) showed

that the administration of consortium biological

fertilizer Bacillus cereus, B. thuringiensis, B.

megaterium, B. pantothenticus significantly affected

pod weight / plot (1240 g) of seed weight/plot (740

Hapsoh, ., Dini, I., Wawan, . and Andry, Z.

Effect of Giving Several Formulations of Biological Fertilizers based on Organic Liquid Waste on Growth and Production of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill) on Peat Soil Medium.

DOI: 10.5220/0008883401490158

In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2018) - , pages 149-158

ISBN: 978-989-758-437-4

 2020 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All r ights reserved

149

g) weight of skin/plot (500 g) weight of stover/plot

(4 kg) of soybean plants.

Improving the quality of biological fertilizers can

be done by adding organic matter, one of them is

organic litter. This study is concerned with utilizing

organic litter such as tofu liquid waste, palm oil

liquid waste, rice washing water and coconut water

as organic matter. This liquid waste contains

compounds or elements that can be used as a source

of nutrition for microbes. This organic litter can also

be used as organic fertilizer which can improve soil

fertility and increase plant growth and production.

The provision of biological fertilizer formulations

based on tofu liquid waste and palm oil mill effluent

was able to increase seed height, root volume, root

canopy ratio and dry weight in oil palm seedlings

(Yulia, 2016).

2 METHOD

This research was held at the Faculty of Agriculture

Experimental Garden, Univertas Riau, for 3 months

namely May 2018 to July 2018.

The materials used in this study were Bacillus

cereus isolates obtained from the research of Hapsoh

et al., (Hapsoh et al., 2016), soybean varieties Dega

1 (Attachment 2) baby polybag, polybag size 35 cm

x 40 cm, liquid waste of rice washing water, waste

liquid tofu, palm oil mill effluent, coconut liquid

waste, 70% alcohol, aquades, agar nutrients, nutrient

bolt, dolomite, double sugar, chitin, molasses, water,

NPK fertilizer, fungicide, ragent, and decis.

Tools used in this study were gembor, buckets,

analytic scales, petri dishes, test tubes, stirring rods,

erlenmeyer, drop pipettes, needle oases, bunsen, hot

plates, autoclaves, shakers, rice envelopes, laminar

or enkas, calipers, knife, sieve, paper label, hoe,

meter, polynet, stationery and other supporting tools.

This research was carried out experimentally

using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD)

consisting of 6 (five) treatments with 4 (four)

replications so that there were 24 experimental units.

Each unit consists of 4 plants. The overall total is 6 x

4 x 4 = 96 plants which are used as samples.

This study consisted of 6 treatments consisting of

6 levels namely P0 (water) P1 (B cereus without

formulation) P2 (B cereus + rice washing water) P3

(B cereus + coconut water) P4 (B cereus + water

know) P5 (B cereus + water LCPKS). or analyzed

statistically using variance with DNMRT further test

at 5% level.

The things that was carried out in the study was

the preparation of the place, the manufacture of

biofertilizer formulations, preparation of peat soil

planting medium taken from the village of

KualuNenas, Kampar Regency, Riau Province,

Rhizobium inoculation, planting, two times

treatment, maintenance and harvesting.

Parameters of observation carried out consisted

of three components namely physiological

observation, growth observation and observation of

results. Physiological observations consist of

photosynthesisrate, stomatal conductivity, CO

concentration, transpiration rate and amount of

chlorophyll. Growth observation consisted of the

percentage of effective root nodules, number of

branches and plant height. The results of the

observation consisted of age of flowering, age of

harvest, number of pods per plant, number of seeds

per plant, number of seeds per plant, seed weight per

plant and weight of one hundred seeds.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Physiological Response

The results of variance analysis showed that the

administration of several biological fertilizer

formulations based on liquid organic waste on peat

soil significantly affected the amount of chlorophyll

but did not affect the photosynthesis rate,

stomataconductivity, CO

concentration,

transpiration rate. Physiological response test results

with Duncan's new multiple distance test at 5% level

can be seen in Table 1.

ICMR 2018 - International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research

150

Table1: Physiological response of soybean plants by giving some formulations of biofertilizers based on liquid organic

waste on peat soil.

Treatment

Physiological response

Photosynthe

sis rate

(μmol CO

-2

-1

)

Conductivit

y of stomata

(mol H

-2

-1

)

Concentrati

onCO

(μmol CO

mol

-1

)

RateTranspi

ration

(mmol H

-2

-1

)

Amount of

Chlorophyll

(μmol m

-2

)

Water

15.58 a 0.14 a 158.84 a 2.69 a 39.10 b

Bacillus

cereuswithoutformulation

14.94 a 0.17 a 239.18 a 3.29 a 37.32 b

Bacillus cereus + rice

washin

wate

15.92 a 0.13 a 174.38 a 2.86 a 45.62 a

Bacillus cereus + coconut

wate

15.53 a 0.15 a 210.72 a 3.07 a 36.55 b

Bacillus cereus + Tofu

wate

13.78 a 0.18 a 237.83 a 3.46 a 41.75 ab

Bacillus cereus + LCPKS

16.21 a 0.15 a 191.45 a 2.94 a 36.77 b

F test

0.49

0.44

1.02

0.26

2.91

Description: The numbers followed by the same lowercase letters show no significant difference according to Duncan's

multiple range test at the 5% level. ns: non significant, *: significant

3.1.1 Photosynthesis Rate

Data in Table 1 shows that photosynthesis rate by

applying biofertilizer based on liquid organic waste

was not significantly different in all treatments

tested. It is suspected that Bacillus cereus bacteria

contained in biofertilizers based on liquid organic

waste can grow but cannot move properly on peat

soil which has a acidic pH. This is in accordance

with Darmawijaya (Darmawijaya, 1990), which

states that generally the pH of peat soil in Indonesia

ranges from 3-5. Acid soils can inhibit the

metabolism of Bacillus cereus so it affects its

activity to produce secondary metabolites such as

IAA hormones.

According to Surono (Surono, 2004), bacteria

need a certain pH for their growth. But in general,

bacterias have a narrow pH range which is around

6.5 - 7.5 or at neutral pH.Bacillus cereus used in this

study is a bacteria that can live at acidic pH because

this bacteria comes from rice straw on peat soil

(Hapsoh et al., 2016). According to Irma (Irma,

2016), some bacterias can survive below pH 4, but

there are also bacterias that can live and the body at

alkaline pH. But to produce secondary metabolites

bacteria have optimum pH.Crueger and Crueger

(Crueger and Crueger, 1984) added that the

production of secondary microorganism metabolites

is generally produced in an optimal pH state for

microbes.

Bacillus cereus found in the formulation tested

has the same function to colonize the rooting areas

of soybean plants and produce plant growth

hormones, such as auxins, cytokines and IAA. These

hormones can stimulate cell division, regulate cell

enlargement and increase metabolism in plant

tissues. This affects the leaf growth so that it can

affect the photosynthetic rate of soybean plants.

3.1.2 Power of Hantar Stomata

The data in Table 1 shows that the stomata

conductivity by applying biofertilizer based on

liquid organic waste was not significantly different

for all treatments tested. It is suspected that Bacillus

cereus bacteria contained in biofertilizers based on

liquid organic waste can grow but cannot move

properly on peat soil which has a acidic pH so that it

affects its activity to produce secondary metabolites

such as IAA hormones.

The inhibition of Bacillus cereus activity results

in the formation of phytohormones such as auxin,

cytokines and IAA where the function of these

hormones can stimulate cell division, regulate cell

enlargement and will stimulate root growth and

stimulate water absorption and nutrients that affect

leaf growth. The results of the study Ajenget al.,

(2017) showed that the administration of natural

phytohormones affects plant height, leaf width,

number of leaves and color of cayenne pepper

leaves. Leaves greatly affect the number and size of

plant stomata. The conductivity of stomata is

strongly influenced by the size and number of

stomata in the leaves. The thicker and wider the leaf,

Effect of Giving Several Formulations of Biological Fertilizers based on Organic Liquid Waste on Growth and Production of Soybean

(Glycine max (L.) Merill) on Peat Soil Medium

151

the greater the number of stomata that affect its

conductivity.

3.1.3 CO

Concentration

Data in Table 4 shows that CO

concentrations with

biofertilizers based on liquid organic waste were not

significantly different in all treatments tested. It is

suspected that Bacillus cereus bacteria contained in

biofertilizers based on liquid organic waste can grow

but cannot move properly on peat soil which has a

acidic pH so that it affects its activity to produce

secondary metabolites such as IAA hormones.

The existence of this IAA hormone greatly

affects metabolic processes such as cell division and

enlargement. According to Harahap (Harahap, 2012)

IAA hormones can move a metabolic changes which

then leads to a physiological response to one of the

plant organs which is very important in the

metabolic process, namely the leaves of the plant

where photosynthesis occurs. In the photosynthesis

process, stomata, sunlight, water and carbon are

needed to produce photosynthates which are used for

plant growth. In the stomata there is an entry and

exit process for air as CO

is used as a substrate for

photosynthesis. Most of the factors that influence the

amount of CO

present in leaves are the density of

stomata in the leaves. The more tightly stomata, the

less CO

will be absorbed so that the concentration

of CO

in the leaves will also be small. This is in

accordance with Yasminatul (Yasminatul, 2014)

stating that the structure of stomata affects the way

of work or the effectiveness of stomata during

photosynthesis and when the stomata is more tightly

closed, the stomatal opening and cosing process is

increasingly hampered so that it affects the amount

of CO

fixed by plants.

3.1.4 Transpiration Rate

The data in Table 5 shows that the transpiration rate

by applying biofertilizer based on liquid organic

waste was not significantly different in all treatments

tested. This is presumably owing to the low pH of

peat soil which inhibits the growth and activity of

Bacillus cereus so as to give the same effect on all

treatments. The acidity of this peat soil results in

Bacillus cereus being unable to produce IAA

hormone which functions for leaf development. This

is in accordance with Harahap (Harahap, 2012)

stating that Indol Acetic Acid (IAA) has an effect on

phototropic response through cell extension

stimulation, stimulation of secondary growth and

leaf development.

Indol Acetic Acid (IAA) is one of the growing

hormones that play a role in spurring growth along

the longitudinal axis. The specific thing that looks

like is an increase in cell enlargement that takes

place in all directions is isiamiametrik. Indol Acetic

Acid (IAA) also plays a role in cell division and

division (Gunawan et al., 1992). Cell division and

division will affect the growth of tissue that forms

organs such as leaves. The results of Wijayati et al.

(Wijayati et al., 2005) study of 200 ppm IAA

concentration significantly affected the growth of

turmeric in leaf area parameters. The size of plant

leaves greatly affects the number of constituent cells

such as stomata. According to Sumardi et al.,

(Sumardi et al.,2010) stomata are useful for the

exchange of O

, CO

, and transpiration gas from

leaves to the surrounding environment. Nurmaya et

al., (Nurmaya et al.,2014) also added that stomata

are strongly related to the speed and intensity of the

transpiration rate in leaves.

3.1.5 Amount of Chlorophyll

The data in Table 6 shows that the amount of

chlorophyll by giving Bacillus cereus + rice

fertilizer and Bacillus cereus + water biofertilizer

known significantly different from the provision of

water, Bacillus cereus biological fertilizer without

formulation, Bacillus cereus + coconut fertilizer and

Bacillus cereus biological fertilizer + LCPKS. The

administration of Bacillus cereus + rice washing

water tends to give a higher amount of chlorophyll,

which is 45.62 μmol m-2. It is suspected that

biological fertilizers based on liquid organic waste

rice washing water contains nutrients such as

magnesium which play a role in the formation of

chlorophyll. This is in line with the results of

research by Citra et al., (Citra et al.,2012) addressing

that the element of magnesium in washing white rice

water was 13.286%.

Magnesium is one of the macro nutrients needed

by plants. One function of this element is in the

photosynthesis process. Plants need magnesium in

the photosynthesis process because magnesium is an

important component of chlorophyll. This is

consistent with Nio and Yunia (Nio and Yunia,

2011), stating that magnesium and nitrogen are the

most important elements in chlorophyll synthesis. So

that the amount of chlorophyll in the leaves of

soybean plants is strongly influenced by magnesium

in biofertilizers based on liquid organic waste rice

washing water.

ICMR 2018 - International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research

152

3.2 Growth Response

The results of variance analysis showed that the

administration of several biological fertilizer

formulations based on liquid organic waste on peat

soil significantly affected the percentage of effective

root nodules but did not affect the number of

branches, plant height, flowering age and harvest

age. The results of further test of growth response

with Duncan's multiple range test at the level of 5%

can be seen in Table 2.

Table 2: Growth response of soybean plants by giving some formulations of biofertilizers based on liquid organic waste on

peat soil.

Treatment

Growth Response

Percentage

of effective

root nodules

(%)

Number of

Branches

(branch)

Plant

height

(cm)

Flowering

age (HST)

Harvest age

(HST)

Water

95.18bc

11.39 a 39.70 a 25.87 a 68.41 ab

Bacillus

cereuswithoutformulasi

98.53 ab

11.33 a 40.20 a 25.93 a 67.91 ab

Bacillus cereus + rice

washin

wate

98.04 ab

11.24 a 38.87 a 25.93 a 67.66b

Bacillus cereus +

coconut wate

99.16 a

11.66 a 41.25 a 25.56 a 68.75a

Bacillus cereus + Tofu

wate

93.67 c

11.49 a 42.16 a 25.93 a 68.58ab

Bacillus cereus +

LCPKS

98.39 ab

11.33 a 39.91 a 25.81 a 68.16ab

F test

3.31

0.09

0.44

0.39

1.84

Descriptions: The numbers followed by the same lowercase letters show no significant difference according to Duncan's

multiple range test at the 5% level. ns: non significant, *: significant

3.2.1 Percentage of Effective Root Points

The data in Table 1 showed that the percentage of

effective root nodules by giving Bacillus cereus +

coconut water, Bacillus cereus without formulation,

Bacillus cereus + biofertilizer and Bacillus cereus +

biological fertilizer + rice washing water was

significantly different from water and Bacillus

cereus + Tofu liquid water Administration of

Bacillus cereus biofertilizer + coconut water tends to

give a higher effect on the percentage of effective

root nodules that is 99.16%. It is suspected that

biological fertilizers based on coconut liquid organic

waste contain growth hormones such as auxins and

cytokines. This growth hormone is a factor that

influences plant growth.

Coconut water is one of the natural sources of

hormones such as auxins and cytokines. This is in

accordance with Budiono (Budiono, 2004), stating

that in coconut water there is an endosperm liquid

containing hormones auxin and cytokines. These

hormones function as plant growth promoters such

as root nodule formation. According to Lakitan

(Lakitan, 2000), cytokines can increase cell division

in plants. Salisbury and Ross (Salisbury and Ross,

1995) also added that cytokines function to stimulate

cell division in tissues and stimulate shoot growth

while auxin functions in inducing cell elongation,

affecting apical and adventitious dominance and root

initiation. This causes the growth of soybean root

nodules.

3.2.2 Number of Branches

The data in Table 2 shows that the number of

branches with biofertilizers based on liquid organic

waste was not significantly different in all treatments

tested. This is presumably the low pH of peat soil

which inhibits the growth and activity of Bacillus

cereus so as to give the same effect on all treatments

tested.

The provision of biological fertilizer treatment

based on liquid organic waste of coconut water (P3)

tends to be able to increase the number of branches

compared to other treatments. It is suspected that

this is caused by the presence of growth hormone in

coconut water. Based on the results of Savitri's

(Savitri, 2005) study in Djamhuri (Djamhuri, 2011),

coconut water contains zeatin 0.247 ppm zeatin

which belongs to the cytokinin group. Zeatin has an

important role in the process of division and

Effect of Giving Several Formulations of Biological Fertilizers based on Organic Liquid Waste on Growth and Production of Soybean

(Glycine max (L.) Merill) on Peat Soil Medium

153

extension of plant cells which will spur the growth

of shoots in plants and ultimately spur the growth of

branches in soybean plants.

Coconut water also contains containing auxin

and cytokines (Imelda, 2011). Based on hormone

analysis conducted by Savitri (Savitri, 2005) in

Djamhuri (Djamhuri, 2011) it turned out that in

young coconut water contains hormonsitokinin

(0.441 ppm kinetin, 0.247 ppm zeatin), and auxin

(0.237 ppm IAA). According to Tiwery (Tiwery,

2014), the content of auxin and cytokinin contained

in coconut water has an important role in the process

of cell division thus helping to form soybean

branches. Cytokines will stimulate cells to divide

rapidly, while auxin will spur cells to elongate. Cell

division is driven by cytokines and cell enlargement

is driven by auxin causes growth. The dividing cell

will experience an expansion which will then

experience differentiation. Widiastoety et al.,

(Widiastoety et al.,1997) also added that the

formation of buds and differentiation takes place

when there is an interaction between auxin and

cytokinin, namely the concentration of cytokines is

greater than auxin. The results of the research by

Darlina et al., (Darlina et al.,2016) shows that giving

coconut water affects the number of pepper leaves.

3.2.3 Plant Height

Data in Table 2 shows that plant height by applying

biological fertilizer based on liquid organic waste

was not significantly different in all treatments

tested. This is presumably owing to the low pH of

peat soil which inhibits the growth and activity of

Bacillus cereus so as to give the same effect on all

treatments tested.

The provision of biological fertilizers based on

liquid organic waste, tofu waste tends to be higher

than other treatments. It is suspected that the nutrient

content contained in liquid waste can increase the

growth of high soybean plants. The results of

research by Rinda et al. (Rinda et al.2014) showed

that tofu liquid waste formulated with Bacillus sp.

contains N (0.04%), and K (0.63%). In the

physiological process of plants N elements play a

role in cell division which can later increase plant

height growth. Lingga and Marsono (Lingga and

Marsono, 2003), suggest that the occurrence of high

growth of a plant is caused by the occurrence of cell

division.

The element K contained in tofu liquid waste has

an important function in the physiological processes

of plants. According to Hakim et al. (Hakim et

al.1986), potassium plays a role in the metabolic

process and has a special influence on nutrient

adsorption, regulation of respiration, transpiration,

enzyme work and carbohydrate translocation so as to

increase plant growth. This causes a high growth of

soybean plants. The results of the study by Ahmad et

al., (Ahmad et al.,2017) showed that the

administration of several tofu wastewater

concentrations had a significant effect on the height

of the pakcoy plant.

3.2.4 Flowering Age

Data in Table 2 shows that the age of flowering with

biofertilizers based on liquid organic waste was not

significantly different in all treatments tested. This is

presumably owing to the low pH of peat soil which

inhibits the growth and activity of Bacillus cereus to

produce IAA hormone so that it gives the same

effect on all treatments tested.

Indole Asetic Acid (IAA) is one type of hormone

that has an important role that greatly affects plant

growth. According to Harahap (Harahap, 2012),

IAA hormones have a role in plant physiological

processes such as stimulating cell division,

regulating cell enlargement and will stimulate

absorption of water and nutrients. This will affect

the vegetative growth of soybean plants. If the

vegetative growth of plants grows faster and

increases, it will more quickly stimulate flowering of

soybean plants. According to Humphries and

Wheeler (Humphries and Wheeler, 1963) in

Gardner, et. al., (Gardner, et. al.,1985), this transfer

of vegetative to generative growth phase is

determined by factors such as genetic and

environmental. One environment that can affect is

the presence of plant growth hormones such as IAA.

3.2.5 Harvest Age

Data in Table 2 shows that harvesting age by

applying Bacillus cereus + rice washing water with

rice significantly different from Bacillus cereus +

coconut water, water but not significantly different

from other treatments. The provision of biofertilizer

Bacillus cereus + rice washing tends to accelerate

the harvesting age of 67.66 HST. It is suspected that

biological fertilizers based on liquid organic waste

from rice washing have sufficient P nutrients so as to

increase the life of soybean crop harvest. According

to Citra et al., (Citra et al.,2012) white rice washing

water contained phosphorus as much as 14.45%.

Element P has a very important role in the

physiological processes of plants such as in the

generative phase. According to Hardjowigeno

(Hardjowigeno, 1995) one function of phosphorus in

ICMR 2018 - International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research

154

plants is to increase cell division. Rahmawati

(Rahmawati, 2003) in Jansen et al., (Jansen et

al.,2014) also added that the element P plays a role

in the formation of ATP which functions as an

energy transfer. This causes an increase in

biochemical processes because ATP is produced in

plant tissues so as to accelerate the process of

cooking soybean pods.

3.3 Results Response

The results of variance analysis showed that the

administration of several biofertilizer formulations

based on liquid organic waste on peat soil

significantly affected seed weight per plant and 100

seeds weight. but it does not affect the total number

of pods per plant, the number of seeds per plant and

the number of seeds per plant. The results of further

test response results with Duncan's multiple distance

test at the 5% level can be seen in Table 3.

Table3: Response of soybean crop yield by giving some formulations of biofertilizers based on liquid organic waste on peat

soil.

Treatment

Responhasil

Total number

of pods per

plant

(pod)

The number of

pods is per plant

(pod)

Number of

seeds per

plant (seeds)

Seed weight

per plant (g)

100 seeds

(g)

Air

24.08a 22.74b 43.91b 8.79 c 20.58 ab

Bacillus

cereuswithoutformulasi

26.16 a 24.91 ab 49.25 ab 9.54bc 19.61 b

Bacillus cereus + rice

washin

wate

25.58a 23.41ab 45.58ab 8.86 c 18.92b

Bacillus cereus +

Coconut wate

27.66a 26.25a 52.00a 12.51a 23.17a

Bacillus cereus + Tofu

wate

25.08a 23.75ab 46.66ab 10.04b 21.44ab

Bacillus cereus +

LCPKS

24.58a 23.41ab 47.25ab 10.09b 20.65ab

F test

1.12

1.52

0.44

12.90

1.84

Description: The numbers followed by the same lowercase letters show no significant difference according to Duncan's

multiple range test at the 5% level. ns: non significant, *: significant

3.3.1 Number of Total Pods per Plant

The data in Table 3 shows that the total number of

pods by applying biofertilizers based on liquid

organic waste was not significantly different in all

treatments tested. This is presumably owing to the

low pH of peat soil which inhibits the growth and

activity of Bacillus cereus so that it gives the same

effect on all treatments tested.

Biofertilizers based on liquid organic wastes of

coconut water which is 27.66 pods tend to be higher

than other treatments. Alleged nutrient content such

as K contained in coconut water can increase the

total number of pods of soybean plants. In the

physiological process of plant elements K has a role

as an enzyme activator and a linkage of energy

formation (Wallingford, 1980). Enzymes have an

important role in the process of accelerating

metabolism such as the formation of carbohydrates

produced from photosynthesis. The carbohydrate

produced acts as a raw material in the formation of

energy. This energy is used by plants for the

formation of soybean pods. The results of Hendrival

et al. (Hendrival et al.2014) showed that the

administration of potassium fertilizer significantly

affected the number of pods of soybean plants.

3.3.2 Number of Bernas Pods per Plant

The data in Table 3 shows that the number of

pungent pods is given Bacillus cereus biological

fertilizer without formulation, Bacillus cereus

biological fertilizer + rice washing water, Bacillus

cereus biological fertilizer + coconut water, Bacillus

cereus biological fertilizer + tofu water and different

Bacillus cereus + LCPKS biological fertilizer real by

giving water. The application of Bacillus cereus +

coconut fertilizer + coconut water tends to increase

the number of pods which is 26.25 pods. It is

Effect of Giving Several Formulations of Biological Fertilizers based on Organic Liquid Waste on Growth and Production of Soybean

(Glycine max (L.) Merill) on Peat Soil Medium

155

suspected that the Bacillus cereus + coconut

fertilizer has enough K nutrient to increase the age

of soybean crop harvest. In the results of research

analysis, Rinda et al., (Rinda et al.,2014) showed

that the liquid waste of coconut water combined

with Bacillus sp contained elements of K by 1.84%.

Element K is a macro nutrient that is needed by

plants to continue its life cycle. According to

Nyakpa et al., (Nyakpa et al.,1988) physiological

potassium function is as one of the ingredients used

for carbohydrate metabolism namely the formation,

breakdown, and translocation of starch in plant

tissues and nitrogen metabolism and protein

synthesis. Carbohydrates that are formed will be

translocated throughout the plant like into pods and

form seeds. According to Taufiq and Sundari

(Taufiq and Sundari, 2012) Potassium deficiency in

pod formation and seed filling phases can reduce the

number of pods and seeds per plant. The results of

research by Ratna and Robert (Ratna and Robert,

2015) showed that potassium fertilizer gave the

highest percentage compared to without giving

potassium to rice plants.

3.3.3 Number of Seeds per Plant

The data in Table 3 shows that the number of seeds

per plant by giving Bacillus cereus biological

fertilizer without formulation, Bacillus cereus

biological fertilizer + rice washing water, Bacillus

cereus biological fertilizer + coconut water, Bacillus

cereus biological fertilizer + tofu water and Bacillus

cereus + LCPKS biological fertilizer significantly

different from the provision of water. The

administration of Bacillus cereus biofertilizer +

coconut water tends to increase the number of pods

which is 52 seeds. It is suspected that biological

fertilizers based on liquid organic waste of coconut

water have sufficient K nutrients so as to increase

the number of seeds per soybean plant. The results

of research conducted by scientists at the National

Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology

(BIOTECH) at UP Los Baños in Siti (2008) show

that coconut water is rich in potassium (17%).

Generative growth of plants is strongly

influenced by nutrients such as potassium. One

function of element K is as an assimilate

translocation of photosynthesis. According to

Wallingford (Wallingford, 1980) in the assimilation

process, CO2 is converted to sugar during

photosynthesis, the sugar is then transported to other

plant organs to grow or be stored. In the

transportation system, plants will use energy from

ATP which also requires K ions. The results of this

assimilation will be transported throughout the plant

such as into pods to form seeds.

3.3.4 Seed Weight per Plant

Data in Table 3 shows that seed weight per plant by

applying Bacillus cereus + coconut water with 12.51

grams of biological fertilizer is significantly

different from all other treatments. It is suspected

that the Bacillus cereus + coconut water biological

fertilizer has sufficient K and N nutrients so that it

can increase seed weight per soybean plant. The

results of the analysis of Kristina and Syahid's

(Kristina and Syahid, 2012) research showed that

coconut water contained potassium as much as 14.11

mg / 100 ml and nitrogen as much as 43.00 mg / 100

ml.

Potassium and nitrogen are elements that have a

very important role in the metabolism of plants.

Potassium element acts as an activator of various

enzymes in the plant physiology process. One

physiological process that requires enzymes is the

process of forming carbohydrates through

photosynthetic metabolism. In addition, element K

also plays a role in the transport of energy from

leaves throughout the plant (Wallingford, 1980).

One of the organs of a plant that obtains energy is

fruit or pod. If the faster or more energy is

transferred, the larger the pods or seeds will be

formed. This is consistent with De Datta (1981) in

Kasniari and Supadma (Kasniari and Supadma,

2007) stating that the element K plays an important

role in increasing the size and weight of seeds.

3.3.5 Weight of 100 Seeds per Plant

The data in Table 15 shows that the weight of 100

seeds by applying Bacillus cereus biofertilizer +

coconut water is significantly different from the

provision of water and biological fertilizer Bacillus

cereus + coconut water rice washing water but not

significantly different from other treatments. It is

suspected that biofertilizers based on liquid organic

waste coconut water has sufficient K and N nutrients

that can increase seed weight per soybean plant. The

results of the analysis of Kristina and Syahid's

(Kristina and Syahid, 2012) research showed that

coconut water contained potassium as much as 14.11

mg /100 ml and nitrogen as much as 43.00 mg /100

ml.

The element K is needed by plants for the

formation of sugar and starch and activates various

enzymes (Rochman and Sugiyanta, 2007). Enzymes

play an important role in the metabolism of plants

such as carbohydrate formation and ATP. Then

ICMR 2018 - International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research

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translocating is throughout the plant tissue so as to

stimulate the filling of soybean seeds. Besides the

element K, coconut water also contains elements of

N which act as ingredients in metabolism in plants.

According to Meirina and Haryanti (Meirina and

Haryanti, 2007) the N elements contained in

fertilizers are compilers of organic material in seeds

such as amino acids, proteins, coenzymes,

chlorophyll and a number of other ingredients in the

seeds, so that giving fertilizer containing N in plants

will increase the dry weight of seeds.

4 CONCLUSION

The application of biofertilizers based on liquid

organic waste has an effect on the parameters of the

amount of chlorophyll, percentage of effective root

nodules, seed weight per plant and weight of 100

seeds but does not affect the other parameters.

Biofertilizer based on liquid organic waste coconut

water is the best treatment for the parameters of the

percentage of effective root nodules, the weight of

planting seeds and the weight of 100 seeds of

soybean plants.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Thank you Universitas Riau through professor's

grant with the contract number: 605/UN.19.5.1.3

which has funded this research.

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