Laboratory Study of Some Plant Crude Extracts against Soybean

Leafroller Lamprosema indicata Fab. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Asmanizar, Aldy Waridha, Edy Sumantri and Ratna Mauli Lubis

Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara, Jl. S.M.Raja, Medan, Indonesia

Keywords: plant crude extract, Lamprosemaindicata, insect mortality

Abstract: Thepotential of some plant crude extract against Lamprosemaindicatawas evaluated. The experiment was

done by applying crude extract solution uniformly on Petridish and the larvae of L. indicata were released.

The crude extract used in this study was obtained fromSoxhlet extractor (acetone as solvent). The

concentrations (treatments) of crude extract used were 0.25 and 0.5% (volume of extract/volume of water,

v/v). The results showed that crude extracts affected insect mortality. Crude extract of Jatrophacurcas

(seed), Tageteserecta (leaf) and Piper betle (leaf) at 0.5% concentration caused insect mortality up to 50%,

whilst Annona muricata(seed), C. aurantifolia(peel), A. conyzoides(leaf,stem), C. nardus(leaf) andM.

koenigii (leaf) caused insect mortality from 32.5 to 47.5%. The 0.25% crude extract concentration caused

lower insect mortality.

1 INTRODUCTION

Soybean Leafroller Lamprosemaindicata

Fab.commonly causes damage to some cultivated

plants and wild Leguminosae. The insect attacks the

soybean plant since 11 days after planting to 70 days

of old plant. The larva fold and spin the leaves

together and then feed on from the inside of the

surface. The larvae are mobile and bright green.

Older larvae defoliate the leaves leaving only the

veins. The pupa are found at the feeding sites. The

insects attack the soybean crops and this has been

reported solely during the first 4-6 weeks, mostly

during dry season (Kalshoven, 1981). The damaged

leaves caused by the insects are about 50% and this

result in the decreasing of seed production.

Synthetic insecticide has been used extensively

to overcome the pest problems and indiscriminately,

resulting in a number of problems viz., the

development of insect resistance to insecticides,

resurgence of pests and adversed effect on non-

target organisms such as natural enemies of insect

pests. According to (Marwoto, 2007), monitoring in

soybean production centre in Indonesia show that

the controlling of insect pest still relies on synthetic

insecticide. Insecticideis used intensively in some

plantingareas in controlling insect pest on soybean

with high dose and frequency of application. this

causes negative effect on insects; insect resistance,

and resurgence of insect pest. Hence, there is a need

to replace synthetic chemicals withnatural

compounds in plants.

A number of plants or part of plants growing

around Kabupaten Deli Serdang, North Sumatra are

known to have insecticidal properties, inclined to the

study of the mortality effect against L. Indicate, a

insect pest of soybean Glycine max.

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1 Collection of Plant Materials and

Extractions

Thirteen species of plants that have been reported to

possess insecticidal property (Prakash&Rao 1997;

Prijono 2003; Dodia et al., 2008;) were collected

from Kabupaten Deli Serdang Indonesia during

April 2018 (Table 1).

Asmanizar, ., Waridha, A., Sumantri, E. and Lubis, R.

Laboratory Study of Some Plant Crude Extracts against Soybean Leafroller Lamprosema indicata Fab. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).

DOI: 10.5220/0008882601070111

In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2018) - , pages 107-111

ISBN: 978-989-758-437-4

107

Table 1: Plant and parts of plant used.

No. Plant Species Family Part of Plant Used

1 Alpiniagalanga Zingiberaceae Rhizome

2 Annonamuricata Annonaceae Seed

3 Jatrophacurcas Euphorbiaceae Seed

4 Citrus aurantifolia Rutaceae peel

5 Carica papaya Caricaceae Leaf

6 Isotomalongiflora Campanulaceae Leaf

7 Tageteserecta Compositae Leaf

8 Lantana camara Verbanaceae Leaf

9 Cymbopogonnardus Poaceae Clump (stem)

10 Cymbopogonnardus Poaceae Leaf

11 Ocimumcitriodorum Lamiaceae Leaf

12 Ageratum conyzoides Asteraceae Plant

13 Piper betle Piperaceae Leaf

14 Murrayakoenigii Rutaceae Leaf

The plants were washed thoroughly and air dried

under shade. The seeds of A. indica, A. muricata

and J. curcas were hulled to get the kernel. The

rhizome of A. galanga was slashed about 5 mm to

make dry totally, then ground using electric grinding

machineand finally passed through a 10 mesh sieve

to obtain the powder. Extraction was done using

‘Soxhlet Extractor’. A 50 g of the powdered material

was placed in a filter paper and then placed in the

extractor. Then 200 ml acetone was poured in to the

receiving flask. The process of extraction took about

10 h. A 50 ml Crude extract was obtained after

removal of the solvents with vacuum evaporation at

temperature of <40

C . There were 14 crude extracts

because some plant used were from different parts.

2.2 Insect Rearing

The larvae and/or pupae of L. indicata in the folded

leaves were collected from Soybean in field and put

in the wire cage (50x50x60 cm) consistingof

soybean plant (± 3 weeks old). The number of larvae

or pupae was 10 per cage. The emerged adults

copulated and put egg on the soybean plant. After

about 2 weeks the new larva (a length of about 15

mm) was used for study.

2.3 Testing Method

Method used was adopted from Tillman’s (2006) as

residual toxicity. Each crude extracts with the 0.5

and 0.25% concentration was smeared with 2 ml

crude extract on the top and bottom of petri dish

(100 by 15 mm). Water was used as the control.

After the solution wasdried (about 1 hour), ten

Lamprosemaindicata larvae were placed in the petri

dish. The experiment was arranged as CRD by

having 14 crude plant extracts as treatment and

replicated four times.Data of L. indicatamortality

were transformed using Arc Sine Transformation

(Gomez & Gomez 1984) for normalization before

analysis. To determine the difference of mortality of

L. Indicate, each crude extract, one-way analysis of

variance (ANOVA) was performed. Means were

separated with Fisher’s Protected Least Significant

Difference (LSD, P < 0.05) where ANOVA result

was significant. All statistical analyses were done

using Minitab Program.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

There was a significant difference in percentage of

mortality of L. indicata among plant extracts (F =

10.21df = 28&87, P < 0.05). The average larva

mortality was showed in Table 2.

ICMR 2018 - International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research

108

Table 2: Mortality of L. indicata after contact with crude extract as residual toxicity.

No Crude Extracts Conc. (%) Mean (%)

1 Annonamuricata 0.50 32.50 abcde

0.25 22.50 defg

Alpiniagalanga

0.50 30.00 bcde

0.25 27.50 cdef

Jatrophacurcas

0.50 52.50 a

0.25 37.50 abcd

Citrus aurantifolia

0.50 35.00 abcde

0.25 5.00 ij

Carica papaya

0.50 30.00 bcde

0.25 7.50 hij

Isotomalongifora

0.50 5.00 ij

0.25 0.00 j

Lamtanacamara

0.50 35.00 bcde

0.25 30.00 bcde

Tageteserecta

0.50 52.50 a

0.25 22.50 defg

Ageratum conyzoides

0.50 40.00 abcd

0.25 22.50 defg

Cymbopogonnardus (leaf)

0.50 35.00 abcde

0.25 17.50 efgh

Cymbopogonnardus (clump)

0.50 12.50 fghi

0.25 5.00 ij

Ocimumcitriodorum

0.50 2.50 ij

0.25 0.00 j

Piper betle

0.50 50.00 ab

0.25 12.50 ghi

Murrayakoenigii

0.50 47.50 abc

0.25 22.50 defg

15 Kontrol 0 0.00 j

Means in a column followed by different letters are significantly different (P=0.05) by LSD Test.

Overall, the 0.5% concentration of crude extracts

caused higher insect mortality compared with that of

0.25% concentration for each plant species crude

extracts. The seed crude extracts of J. curcas, leaf

crude extracts of T. erecta and P. betlewere found to

be toxic against L. indicata. The application of crude

extracts against Soybean LeafrollerL. indicata

caused mortality up to 50%. According to

Adebowale and Adedire (2006) the insecticidal

activity of J. curcas seed could be due to the

presence of several sterols and terpen alcohols which

have been known to exhibit insecticidal

properties.Adolf et al. (1984) reportsthat the seed

oil of J. curcas contains a diterpenoid (12-deoxy-16-

hydroxyphorbol). Tageteserecta showed good effect

against L. indicata, (up to 50% of mortality). The

active principles which affect the insects are

mycene, tagetone and allopatuletin(Dodia et al.,

2008).Piper betle leaf aqueous extract was reported

to show insecticidal activity tested against the bean

leaf beetle (Prakash and Rao, 1997). This leaf

contains kavikol, citronellal, geraniol, andterpineol.

DwiWahyuni (2012) reports that citronella oil P.

betle leaf possesses ovipositor deterrent and ovicidal

activities against H. armigera.

The crude extracts of A. muricata(seed), C.

aurantifolia(peel), A. conyzoides(plant), C. nardus

(leaf) and M. koenigii crude extracts at 0.5%

concentration caused lower insects mortality (32.5-

47.5%) but it was not a significant difference with J.

curcas seed crude extracts, T. erecta and P. betle

leaf crude extracts. The effect of A. muricata seed

crude extracts may be due to the presence of a toxic

alkaloid annonaine. It is an active component

isolated from this plant showing insecticidal

properties (Prakash and Rao, 1997). Whilst, C.

aurantifolia(peel) crude extracts contains essential

oil (7%), with the main components ofcitral,

limonene, β-pinene and aroma compounds which are

of terpineol, bisabolene and other terpenoids(Simon

Laboratory Study of Some Plant Crude Extracts against Soybean Leafroller Lamprosema indicata Fab. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

109

&Akeju, 2017).Ageratum conyzoides has been

knownto possess bioactive components affecting

the insect pest. The major components, namelythe

precocenes, have been reported to have

antĳuvenilehormonal activity.Precocene I and

precocene II are highly toxic to the rice weevil

Sitophilusoryzae (Prakash&Rao, 1997).

Cymbopogonnardus contains cymbopogone and

cymbopogonol, α and β-citrals, myrcene, linalool,

lynalyl acetate, citronellal and nerol. Topical

application of the ethanolic saturated extract of C.

nardus has toxicity effects on S. zeamais, R.

dominica and Cryptolestes sp(Doumbia et al.,

2014).Murrayakoenigii was known as

kuryneemhaving bioactive component affecting the

insect. Mahanimbin, koenimbin, and koenigicine

were isolated from fruits and leaves. Field

evaluation of M. koenigii leaf extracts revealed

reduction of bud fly infestation (Dodia et al., 2008).

Whilst, J. curcas crude extract at 0.25%

concentration still showed good effect with the

mortality of L. Indicate and there was no significant

difference with 0.5% concentration (37.5% of

mortality). The crude extracts of C. aurantifolia, C.

papaya, C. nardus (clump) extracts showed lowest

effects at 0.25% concentration with the range

mortality 0-7,5%.Isotomalongiflora and O.

citriodorum at 0.5 and 0.25% concentration treated

showed the least effect (0-5% mortality). The effect

of I. longiflora and O. citriodorum was very low and

can be considered non-active. Some chemical

substances on I. longiflora are alkaloid (lobelin,

lobelamin, isotomin), whilst, Occimum sp.contains

bioactive constituents that are generally oviposition

deterrent, ovicidal, antifeedant repellent, insect

growth regulatory, attractant and insecticidal.The

toxic effects compounds ofeugenol, mono and

sesquiterpenoids which could be found in the plant

extract (Pandey et al., 2014). The lowest effect of

this crude extracts against L. indicataby the presence

of bioactive chemical was very low.

The highest L. indicata mortality was about 50%.

It may be due to the behavior of larva, which folds

and spins the leaves together and feeds from inside.

Therefore, contacting the insect with the crude

extract was limited.

4 CONCLUSIONS

Almost all crude extracts tested showed mortality

effect on L. indicata. Jatrophacurcas,T. erecta and

P. betle showed good effect at 0.5% concentrations

(up to 50%). Annonamuricata, C. aurantifolia(peel),

A. conyzoides(plant),Cymbopogonnardus (leaf) and

M. koenigii crude extracts at 0.5% concentration

caused lower insects mortality (32.5-47.5%). There

is a need of future study to evaluate the insecticidal

potency as stomach poison.

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