Culinary Tourism of Creative Economy in “Alun-Alun Kidul”

Keraton Kasunanan Surakarta

Nur Achmad, Muhammad Sholahuddin

, Sri Murwanti

Management Department, Faculty of Economics and Business, Muhammadiyah Surakarta University

Keywords: Potential Map, The Study of Policies, Strategies, Plans, The Palace Tour.

Abstract: “Kasunanan” Palace of Surakarta is a mainstay tourism object in Surakarta, however, the Southern square

looks very shabby with culinary street vendors (street food sellers) which are less neat and well known as a

thinly veiled prostitution area at night. The objective of this study is to map the economic potential and

culinary tourism in the area and to study the policies of the Royal family and local governments regarding

the structure of tourist environment area of the Palace. A qualitative research method using secondary data

and the in-depth interview was conducted to the street vendors and the caretaker of the “Alun-Alun Kidul.”

The results of this research are two maps of irregular placement of street vendors in the Northern square of

Kasunanan Palace in Surakarta during the day and night. However, all of them are in the illegal place for

trading. In addition, the microenterprise placement is irregular and seedy. The implication of this research is

that the heritage of Kasunanan palace prestige decreases.

1 INTRODUCTION

Kasunanan Palace of Surakarta is a historical

building and a descendant of the Mataram Sultanate.

“Alun-Alun Kidul” (The southern square) is the

entrance to the Palace through the door to the South.

This square is the fortress that surrounds the Gate

called Gadhing. In this place, there are two twin

Banyan trees located in the middle of the square. In

addition, there is also a place for albino cows in

which the leader is called Kyai Slamet. Those cows

become an important part for the event of one-night

procession called “Satu Sura”. In this place, there

are two trains, placed on the right and left sides

before going into the direction of the Palace. It

indicates that the area of the Alun-Alun kidul was an

important and strategic cultural heritage for tourism.

However, the current condition of the South

along with the Setinggil square (Alun-Alun Kidul) is

not very well-maintained. The grass around it was

already high and a lot of the garbage is strewn. In

addition, a lot of street vendors which are less-

ordered and they make the square looks even dirtier.

Currently, the activities of street vendors in Alun-

Alun Kidul is getting an increasingly

mushrooming day. They start bursting at the seams

during the afternoon until the evening. On the one

hand, there are several locations off-limits for street

vendors selling. The locations are in public facilities,

parks, the slow lane, the green line, and the cultural

heritage. Under the article of the regulatory region of

Surakarta, No. 1/2012 on the spatial region of

Surakarta city year 2011-2031, Alun-Alun Kidul

(Alkid) is a part of cultural heritage of the Surakarta

Palace. The arrangement of street vendors is

expected not to turn off people’s economic potential.

This is because in a very difficult economy

nowadays, the ability of the citizens serving the

wheel of the economy should be noticed and

accommodated.

Based on the background of this research, the

objective of this study is to create the mapping of

creative economies in the north square of Kasunanan

Palace in Surakarta. This mapping is important for

the next step to explore a strategic plan and

revitalization of that place both for heritage and

vacation & culinary tourism.

Achmad, N., Sholahuddin, M. and Murwanti, S.

Culinary Tourism of Creative Economy in "Alun-Alun Kidul" Keraton Kasunanan Surakarta.

DOI: 10.5220/0008786001930200

In Proceedings of the 2nd International Research Conference on Economics and Business (IRCEB 2018), pages 193-200

ISBN: 978-989-758-428-2

193

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

The creative economic potential in “Alun-Alun

Kidul” of Surakarta

Surakarta has an area of 44.1 km

(0.14% of

Central Java). The city is famous for its Javanese

culture and a relic of the monarchy that becomes an

icon of the city, i.e. Surakarta. Surakarta is still

functioning as expected and it keeps running the

system of the palace; however, the Surakarta Palace

does not intervene in the system of Government of

the city of Surakarta. The concept of the square is

closely bound with single chess, i.e. the concept of

the Java City order with the center square

surrounded by worship, housing, markets, and

Government Offices.

A lot of sellers are found in the area so as to hide

its existence as an area that has high historical value.

The reason why most street vendors run their

businesses here is that the bureaucracy is easy. They

just need to look at the empty gap, report to the

Palace, ask for permission, to comply with existing

regulations, any permission is given, and finally,

they reserve the right to trade there. Increasingly,

more and more parties run their businesses there and

get many visitors who trickle in. It leads the

Southern square of Kasunanan Surakarta to be a

place of community activity around to socialize and

relax and other activities..

The applicable local Regulatory region of

Surakarta

The regulatory region of Surakarta No. 8 on the

structure and construction of street vendors in 1995

defines the street vendors are everyone who does

trade or business services in State-owned land. From

this definition, it can be interpreted that the location

made by street vendors to sell doesn’t have

permission/illegal because the land is State-owned

meaning that it is allocated for the public, not for the

commercial.

According to the government’s regulation no.

41/2012, street vendors are businessmen who are

doing business trading whether moving or not

moving, using urban infrastructure, social facilities,

public facilities, land, and temporarily using the

Government-owned and private-owned buildings.

Simanjuntak mentions the characteristics of street

vendors are a business activity that is relatively

simple and does not have an elaborate system of

cooperation and flexible Division of labor, relatively

small-scale businesses with venture capital, a

relatively small venture capital and income.

Street vendors in the Surakarta Palace square are

dominated by traders who hails from Surakarta city

itself, but not the least the merchants come from the

Resident of Surakarta. Generally, they migrate from

their origin region is due to the business

opportunities offered by the Palace. One of the street

vendors in South square is kid toy rental. Street

vendors come from Sukoharjo Regency who

migrates to Surakarta just to rent the kid toys. The

informal sector has an economic chain that focuses

on the efforts of street vendors in meeting the needs

of the merchandise. The chain of informal sector

here is interpreted where they bought equipment

from the toy manufacturer in Shorkot. Hausler and

Strasdas in Hadinoto state that community-based

tourism is a kind of tourism in which its

development and management are controlled by

local communities, where the largest part of the

benefits generated by tourism is enjoyed by local

people, both directly and indirectly involved in the

tourism, as well as providing education for visitors

and local communities regarding the importance of

conservation efforts towards the nature and culture.

Previous research was conducted by Siswanto, in

the Tourism Scientific Journal entitled “Ecotourism

Development Strategy of Baluran National Park in

Situbondo District”. The results show that Baluran

National Park in Situbondo Regency has unique and

interesting tourism potential, such as potential

natural resources, natural beauty around, types of

forests, diversity of flora, Baluran special animals

and the various types of ecosystem. Judging from

the potential of Baluran National Park, it is very

feasible to be developed as an attraction for

ecotourism which is a kind of environmentally

friendly tourism and has a positive impact on the

empowerment of local communities. So far, the

participation of local communities in the

development of Baluran National Park ecotourism is

still not optimal, because so far, the community has

not been involved in the development of tourism. In

order to succeed in the ecotourism development

program, there is a great need for involvement and

the participation of local communities in its

development.

Adikampana in the Journal of Tourism Analysis

entitled “Community-Based Tourism Village as a

Model for Community Empowerment in Pinge

Village” states that the Pinge Tourism Village

products were viewed from tourist attractions and

facilities or tourist facilities in Pinge Village. Pinge

Tourism Village has natural potential with cool

weather and has a strategic location close to various

other tourist destinations in Bali. Pinge Village also

has the potential of rural nature with traditional

Balinese buildings and is one of the tourist

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attractions that has a beautiful panorama. Judging

from the village layout that is regularly elongated

and divided by a large road with a neat and parallel

architecture, Pinge Tourism Village also holds

cultural potential, the especially archeological

potential at a temple, Natar Jemeng Temple. Some

tourist activities that can be carried out by tourists in

Pinge Tourism Village are hiking, tacking, cycling

and touring cars. There are several tourism facilities

in Pinge Tourism Village, such as accommodation

(homestay), coffee break, toilet, art performance

arena, and souvenir shop. The availability of these

facilities is sufficient to support the tourism of Pinge

Village.

Another study was conducted by Soedigdo and

Priono, in the Journal of Architectural Perspectives

entitled “The Role of Ecotourism in the Concept of

Community-Based Tourism Development at Bukit

Tangkiling Natural Tourism Park in Central

Kalimantan”. This study aims to identify ecotourism

products in Bukit Tangkiling TWA and study the

characteristics of community-based products and

ecotourism markets that can be used to develop

ecotourism-based communities in the Bukit Batu

Subdistrict and find out how far ecotourism has an

effect on community empowerment in Bukit Batu

District.

3 RESEARCH METHODS

This study is qualitative research. This approach was

chosen to explore qualitative information.

Researchers utilized previous researches, policy

studies from the palace and local government and

conducted in-depth interviews with key informants

regarding the planning of the palace tourism

environment, then analyzed by using content

analysis. In the second year, qualitative research

with direct interviews and Focus Group Discussions

(FGD) with stakeholders were carried out to plan

strategies for structuring and revitalizing Alun-Alun

Kidul based on local wisdom.

The scope of this study was 10 speakers who

would be interviewed by the key informants (Street

vendors, the Palace, City Government and the

Ministry of Trade). Whereas the second year, the

scope of the research is street vendors and other key

informants to conduct FGDs.

An overview of the stages of the research carried

out to develop a model of strategic planning for

street vendors in Alun-Alun Kidul is shown in the

following table: Mapping of creative economics

(Five-times Traders, especially Culinary Tourism)

for the development of successful culinary tourism

models according to observation settings, mainly

related settings Strategic model of Culinary Tourism

arrangement in Alun-Alun Kidul Surakarta, as well

as policy analysis. The orientation of this step is to

build a theoretical model and to strengthen the

identification of the potential economic strength of

Alun-Alun Kidul Culinary Tourism and stakeholder

policy. The approach used is qualitative research.

Output for the first year was achieved by identifying

various issues related to Culinary Tourism in Alun-

Alun Kidul and also reviewing various literature

studies that examined Culinary Tourism.

4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The city of Surakarta has an area of 44.1 km

(0.14% of Central Java). It has an administrative

boundary which is bordered to the north by

Karanganyar Regency and Boyolali Regency, to the

east by Karanganyar Regency, to the south by

Sukoharjo Regency and to the west by Sukoharjo

Regency and Karanganyar Regency. It is a popular

city for its Javanese culture and has one of the

monarchy legacies which became the icon of the

city, namely the Kraton Kasunanan Surakarta.

Everyone who travels around the city on the Java

island from West Java to East Java must find the

square in the center of this old city. The concept of

structuring the square in cities in Java has actually

been around since the pre-colonial era. Therefore,

the square actually has the potential to become one

of the identities for the cities in Java. This is

important considering that we are currently

experiencing an identity crisis both in the field of

architecture and urban planning. But unfortunately,

the plaza in the cities now is very sad as if like

“living reluctantly to death”. This may be due to the

lack of awareness of the community about the

concept of the Javanese urban spatial layout in the

past.

The book entitled “Encyclopedia van

Nederlandsch Indie” describes the “square” as

follows: “In almost every resident of the Regent, a

district head in Java, people always find a large

lawn, which is surrounded by a banyan tree in the

middle. This field is called ‘square’. In the cities of

the ancient kingdoms (such as Surakarta and

Yogyakarta), it has two ‘squares’; one is located in

the North of the Keraton and another one is located

in the south of the Keraton. On the surface of the

square, there should be no grass growing and it is

covered with fine sand. In the southern part of the

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square, there is an entrance leading to the residence

of the King or Regent, where there is a pavilion.

Civil servants or other people who want to meet with

the king or regent are waiting for their time to be

called if the King approves their arrival. Therefore,

the pavilion is sometimes called Paseban (as long as

the word Seba). In the past, in the square, every

Saturday or Monday (Seton or Senenan), thrusting

games were held (matches on horses using blunt

spears), or a tiger match in a crowd called ‘Rampog

Tiger’. During this performance, the king sat in Siti

Inggil, the highest place in front of the Keraton door.

At the Regent’s place, there is a stage to see the

spectacle. In West Java, there is also a small square

in front of the village head’s house, but the square is

not surrounded by banyan trees. Mosques are often

located on the west side of the square”.

The square has existed since the pre-colonial era.

The times went by, but the physical form of the

square itself has not undergone many changes, the

concept underlying the physical form since the pre-

colonial era has undergone many changes. This

concept actually determines the function and

presence of the square in a city in Java. The

Surakarta Palace or the complete Surakarta

Hadiningrat Palace in its present state is the result of

cultural heritage, continuation and the final journey

of the Mataram kingdom. The Keraton Surakarta

had been the center of the Mataram kingdom as a

whole for approximately ten years since it was

transferred from Kartasura to Sala in 1745 until the

Giyanti agreement in 1755 which divided the

Mataram Kingdom into two, Kasunanan Surakarta

and Kasultanan Yogyakarta. In addition, Salatiga

Kalicacing Agreement divided the Kasunana

Surakarta palace into the Surakarta Palace and the

Mangkunegaran Duchy.

The Surakarta Square area as one of the cultural

and historical relics in the City of Surakarta is

basically an area that has historical value and is an

area that has an inheritance in the form of certain

architectural buildings and designs that characterize

past conditions at that time. This area was once part

of one of the centers of the royal government in

Central Java (Keraton Surakarta). At the beginning

of the establishment of the Palace and until the

independence period, this area was designated as

part of the public space to support activities or

events from the Pakubuwono Palace. But then, the

establishment of Negara Kesatuan Republik

Indonesia (NKRI) brought influence on the status of

the court as part of aristocratic influence. It also

affects changes in the use of North Square and South

Square, which later developed as a public space and

can be accessed by all circles.

The status of the public space applied to the two

squares, not to mention the opening of the Surakarta

Palace as one of the tourist attractions in Surakarta,

implies one of them is the entry of informal traders

who actually bring problems to the sustainability of

this Surakarta Square area. There are so many street

vendors who meet the area that it covers its

existence as an area that has a high historical value.

As a result of the expansion of the North and South

Square complex which used to be so fast as a court

for street vendors and parking vehicles, especially

tourist vehicles, makes the meaning of the palace

complex and the square as a cultural heritage fade

away.

Another problem is that there are contradictions

and conflicts of interest between economic aspects

by maintaining the informal sector and maintaining

tourism objects of the Surakarta Palace. However,

they can be in mutual support when they are

properly planned. Furthermore, it can be identified

that there is a tendency to use public space for the

benefit of some people who shifted the use of the

public space. In addition, the condition of the space

structure in the Surakarta Square at this time does

not describe the answer to parking needs and street

vendors because the number of street vendors lined

up and filled the road starting from Gapura Gladag,

ring road North Square, the front of the Great

Mosque of Surakarta and South Square which is

every year increasing in number, especially after the

events held by the Kraton which invite many visitors

such as Organizing Ceremony or Kirab Satu Suro

(source: interview with Revitalization . Therefore,

the impact caused in the Surakarta Square Area

shows that the impact of the development of other

trade and non-cultural activities such as the

existence of street vendors in the area has removed

the face of the region as a cultural heritage area and

the loss of aesthetic impression and monumental

impression of the region because this trading

activities have caused slums and dirtiness on the

face of the region.

Street vendors who occupy the public space of

the city are street vendors located in the South

Square of Kasunanan Surakarta Palace. This square

is one of the public spaces which is used by the

communities of Surakarta and its surroundings to

spend free time. A large number of people in

Surakarta City and its surroundings who take

benefits of this public space creates opportunities for

street vendors to sell their products. They assume

that the southern square is a job area that has enough

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potential to develop their small business; because for

some street vendors, this is their main job.

The business opportunities posed by the southern

square seems to be a magnet causing the

proliferation of street vendors there. The existence

of this street vendors is fully managed by the court

and provides financial benefits to the court because

traders are required to pay retribution. This southern

square also raises opportunities for traders outside

Surakarta City to sell their products there. Besides

coming from Surakarta City, many traders also came

from other regions such as from Sukoharjo Regency.

The traders who came from Surakarta City generally

live in the vicinity of Surakarta Palace and usually,

these street vendors buy raw materials for their

merchandise not far from where they live. Not to

mention, a few traders from outside Surakarta City

migrated and lived around the palace to make it easy

to sell the products in the square.

The emergence of street vendors has given both

positive and negative impacts. According to Usman

(2006), street vendors are the belts that

accommodate the excess of workers who are not

accommodated in the formal sector; therefore, it

reduces unemployment. As time goes by, the

number of labor force continues to increase every

year. However, the amount of this workforce is not

balanced with the formal employment provided by

the government. One of the possible jobs is as an

informal sector or street vendor. Without realizing

the government, it turns out that the informal sector

can create new jobs for the workforce who has lack

special abilities. These street vendors can increase

their regional revenues and reduce poverty.

Street vendors also have a negative impact on

city life because they occupy locations that are not

supposed to be. One of the negative impacts caused

is a decrease in the quality of urban space caused by

the development of street vendors that are

increasingly out of control every year. The

phenomenon of the proliferation of street vendors in

these cities seems to be the identity of big cities,

especially in the center of the crowd. Based on

Ministry Regulation No. 41/ 2012 Article 33 on the

determination of the location of street vendors, the

street vendors trade at the target location determined

by the regent or mayor. The fostered location

consists of a permanent location and a temporary

location. Permanent Street vendors’ locations are

equipped with accessibility and facilities and

infrastructure including electricity, water, garbage,

and public toilets. While the temporary location is

the location of the street vendor’s business

scheduled until the time period determined by the

regency or city government. One of the city centers

that is widely used by street vendors to sell is the

city’s public space. Public space has the high

accessibility that can bring consumers to street

vendors.

The public space is an open space provided by

the government for the benefit of the urban

community and as a place to accommodate the

activities of the city community. Open space is a

part of spaces that have a definition as a place that

accommodates human activities in an environment

that does not have a cover in physical form

(Budihardjo, 1998). The ability of public space to

accommodate community activities is diminishing

because like a lot of street vendors occupy the public

space. The proliferation of street vendors makes the

beauty or aesthetics of public space decline, because

of the waste resulted by street vendors.

The public space used by street vendors is one of

the squares south of Surakarta City; the southern

square has a public space that allows the street

vendors to sell their wares. The south square is

provided by the court to conduct state ceremonies

and open to the public. People use the square to

spend free time. The public space in the south square

is not only benefited by the community around the

Surakarta Residency but also by local tourists who

visit Surakarta City.

Street vendors in this square are dominated by

traders from Surakarta City itself, but not a few

traders come from the Surakarta Residency.

Generally, they carry out migrants from their home

regions because of the business opportunities offered

by the court. One of the street vendors in the south

square is kid toy rental. This street vendor coming

from Sukoharjo Regency temporarily migrated to

Surakarta only to rent kid toys. The informal sector

has an economic chain that focuses on the efforts of

street vendors in meeting the needs of their

merchandise. The informal sector chain here means

that this street vendor buys their toy equipment from

toy manufacturers in Sukoharjo. Empowered

workers also come from Sukoharjo.

5 CONCLUSION

There is a big potential local Product Domestic

Bruto in economics and business group of

microenterprises in the area of the north square in

Kasunanan Palace of Surakarta, Central Java,

Indonesia. Meanwhile, the placement of those street

vendors is not well-ordered and clean. Thus, this

research created two maps of unique street vendors

Culinary Tourism of Creative Economy in "Alun-Alun Kidul" Keraton Kasunanan Surakarta

197

during the day and night. The implication of this

study is a decreasing of Kasunanan palace prestige

because of those chaotic and illegal placements of

street vendor. The recommendation for future

research is to explore the strength-weaknesses-

opportunity-threats of street vendors in the same

place.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We would like to extend our gratitude to the Center

for Research and Community Service (LPPM) of

Muhammadiyah Surakarta University for funding

this research. We also offer our sincere gratitude to

our team (Ifka and Anastri) for their assistance in

this research

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Appendix 1: Map of street vendors in the southern square

of the Surakarta Palace in the morning and at night.

Appendix 2: Distribution of night street vendors in

the southern square of the Surakarta palace

Description of the night street vendors in the

southern square of the Surakarta palace:

Egg rolls

Sweet corn

Fresh milk

Hot drink with sweet potato balls

HIK

Batagor

Grilled meatball

Fruit juice

Grilled meatball

HIK

Hot drink with sweet potato balls

Grilled meatball

Grocery store

HIK

Cow soft skin crackers

Grilled meatball

HIK

Grilled meatball

Angsle Drink

Hot drink with sweet potato balls

Grilled meatball

Betawi egg crust

Grilled meatball

HIK

Fried & grilled chicken

Coconut Ice Drink

HIK

Egg sausage

Soto rice

HIK

Grilled meatball

Coconut Ice Drink

Grilled meatball

HIK

Egg rolls

Fruit juice

Crispy mushrooms

Grilled meatball

HIK

Clothes

HIK

Grilled sausage

Grocery store

Milo fist ice

Javanese Bakmi

Grilled meatball

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Grilled meatball

HIK

Grilled meatball

HIK

Grilled meatball

HIK

Chicken noodle

HIK

Grocery store

Grilled meatball

Fried & grilled meatballs

Grilled meatball

HIK

Grilled meatball

Fried meatballs

HIK

Grilled meatball

Calimer

HIK

Grilled meatball

Grilled sausage

Milo fist ice

Fruit juice

Grilled sausage

HIK

Presto cassava

HIK

Grilled meatball

Toko kelontong

Bakso bakar

HIK

Wedang ronde

Bakso bakar

Information of night street vendors at Southern

Square of the Surakarta Palace:

Inflatable balloon

Kebab

Chocolate ice

Grilled sausage

HIK

“Yassalam” Bread

Korean bread

Snail satay

Grilled meatball

Sweet corn

Chicken noodle

Fried Snack

Sweet corn

Grilled chicken feet

HIK

Crispy Chicken

Grilled meatball

HIK

Egg rolls

HIK

Round tofu

Pounded chicken and chicken soup

Chicken noodle

Children’s playground

Decorative fish

HIK

Soto

Grilled chicken

Toys shop

Cotton candy

Cassava cheese

Sitting-down food stalls

Grilled meatball

Crispy Chicken

HIK

Food stalls

Grilled meatball

Doll

Pillow

Slippers

Crispy Chicken

Eel sauce

HIK

Shells

Sweet corn

Minced chicken wrapped in eggs

HIK

Crispy and pounded chicken

Milo fist ice

Egg roll

Chicken noodle

Various soup and pounded meals

Roasted corn

HIK

Children’s playground

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