Tourism Development of Gili Iyang Island based on Blue

Economy

Safira Chika

, Raja Oloan Saut Gurning

, Badrus Zaman

, Semin

Department of Marine Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, 60111,Indonesia

Keywords: Giliiyang, Tourism, Blue Economy.

Abstract: Giliiyang island is one of the beautiful islands in Sumenep, Madura, Jawa Timur. Giliiyang Island

is commonly called health tourism island because this island has high oxygen content and become

the island with the second highest oxygen content in the world after Jordan. This island has oxygen

content 3-4higher than usual. In Giliiyang island there are still few facilities, if this island wanna be

a good tourist place, it is necessary to apply the blue economy concept. Blue Economy concept is

the de-coupling of socioeconomic development from environmental degradation. To achieve this,

the Blue Economy approach is founded upon the assessment and incorporation of the real value of

the natural (blue) capital into all aspects of economic activity (conceptualisation, planning,

infrastructure development,trade, travel, renewable resource exploitation, energy

production/consumption). The aim of Blue Economy concept are to shift society from scarcity to

abundance based on what we have and to start tackling issues that cause environmental and related

problem through novel ways. Implementation blue economy for Giliiyang island can increase

revenue of Sumenep in tourism sector. The success of implementation blue economy will give

positive impact not only in economic sector, but also in social sector and technology development.

1 INTRODUCTION

Tourism is a major global industry; in 2012

international tourist arrivals increased by 4% despite

the global economic crisis and constituted 9% of

Global GDP (direct, indirect and induced impact). In

2012 tourism supported 9% of global jobs and

generated US$ 1.3 trillion or 6% of the world’s export

earnings23. International tourism has grown from 25

million in 1950 to 1,035 million in 2012 and the

UNWTO forecasts further growth of 3-4% in 201324;

the forecast for 2030 being 1.8 billion. A large portion

of global tourism is focused on the marine and coastal

environment and it is set to rise. Trends in aging

populations, rising incomes and relatively low

transport costs will make coastal and ocean locations

ever more attractive. Cruise tourism is the fastest

growing sector in the leisure travel industry; between

1970 and 2005 the number of passengers increased

24-fold to 16 million by 2011. Overall, average

annual passenger growth rates are in the region of

7.5% and passenger expenditures are estimated in the

order of US$ 18 billion per year25. The tourism

consumer, however, is driving the transformation of

the sector with a 20% annual growth rate in

ecotourism; about 6 times the rate of growth of the

overall industry.

Blue economy defines sustainable economic

development through utilizing the advantage and

strategy of exploring the resources of the blue water.

In general, it refers utilization of ocean resources

through systematic way. The concept aims to garner

radical resource efficiency and minimal waste. As the

coastal states’ ocean activities continue to expand,

concerns as to maritime safety would also wade to the

fore. Due to this, maritime security falls under the

rubric of blue economy. The principles of blue

economy aim at generating new jobs, building up

social capital and augmenting income. (Pauli, 2016).

According to the World Bank, the concept blue

economy delineates such marine based economic

development which at the same time spearheads the

human wellbeing and social equity in tandem with

decreasing the potential environmental harm and

ecological scarcities. (Patil, 2016). A Blue Economy

approach where ecosystem services are properly

valued and incorporated into development planning

will further advance this transition, guiding tourism

development and promoting lower impact activities,

such as ecotourism and nature-based tourism, where

Chika, S., Gurning, R., Zaman, B. and Semin, .

Tourism Development of Gili Iyang Island based on Blue Economy.

DOI: 10.5220/0008548600370043

In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Marine Technology (SENTA 2018), pages 37-43

ISBN: 978-989-758-436-7

the natural capital is maintained as an integral part of

the process

Compared to countries in ASEAN, the growth of

the tourism industry in Indonesia still lagging behind

as shown in the following data this:

Table 1: Visitor Table of Tourism Objects in Countries

Southeast Asia 2014-2017 based on Asdep Litbang

Jakpar (KemenPar) & BPS.

Based on the table above, it can be seen that the

Indonesian state ranks fifth to the large number of

visitors to tourism objects in various countries in

ASEAN. So the growth of the tourism industry in

Indonesia still lagging behind in terms of the growth

of the tourism industry.

2 LITERATURE

2.1 Gili Iyang Island

Giliiyang Island located in Sumanep Regency in

Madura, East Java. Geographically, this island has

6⁰59' 9 LS - 114⁰10' 29 BT. Giliyang has 921.2

hectare large. Giliyang Island has 17 caves. Those

caves located in Banra'as village and Bacanmara

village. The incredible oxygen level on this island has

been tested through some experiments and researches

each year. In 2006, Pusat Pemanfaatan Sains

(LAPAN) researcher recorded the oxygen level in

Pulau Giliyang reached 21%. From the laboratorium

& research LAPAN and BLH Jatim concluded that

the content of oxygen in the Giliyang island range of

3.3 to 4.8 percent above normal. High levels of

oxygen content is believed to be the cause of the

majority of the population on the island Giliiyang

young and still up in good shape, although he reached

90 years, even to 101 years. To arrived to the giliiyang

island needs 30-45 minutes from Dangke Port by

using a boat. In Giliiyang, visitor can enjoy some

beatiful destination such as Batu Canggah, Goa

Mahakarya and Titik Oksigen. Batu Canggah is a big

stone that located in edge of beach. This stone is a

refutation of the land around the coast. Goa

Mahakarya is a cave that has beautiful stalaktit and

stalakmit. In this cave some stalaktit can produce a

sound. Titik Oksigen is an area, that has content of

oxygen in the air higher than the other area in this

island. Based on the references, theMinistry PU and

Public Housing stated that the level of oxygen in Gili

Iyang lowest in the range (20-23)%, and highest

reaches 27% (Ciptakarya, 2014).

Figure 1: Batu Canggah, one of destination in Gili Iyang

Island.

SENTA 2018 - The 3rd International Conference on Marine Technology

Figure 2: Goa Mahakarya, the beautiful cave in Gili Iyang

Island.

Figure 3: Titik Oksigen, an area with the highest oxygen

content in Gili Iyang Island.

Table 2: Visitor Table of Tourism Object in Sumenep

2014- 2016.

Source: Dinas Pariwisata, Kebudayaan, Pemuda dan

Olahraga Kabupaten Sumenep

Note :

FT : Foreign Tourist

DT : Domestic Tourist

Based on table above, it can be seen that Gili Iyang

island in ranks fifth of tourism object in Sumenep. It

is happen because in Gili Iyang island has minim

facility. So we need to improved the facility if we

want to increase tourism in Gili Iyang island. The one

way to increase Gili Iyang tourism is using blue

economy concept.

2.2 Blue Economy Concept

The Blue Economic Concept provides an opportunity

to develop more economically and environmentally

sound investments and businesses, utilize natural

resourcesmore efficiently and less environmentally,

produces more efficient and cleaner systems,

produces greater products and economic value,

increase labor absorption, and provide an opportunity

to benefit each contributors more fairly.

The Blue Economy will ultimately ensure that

development will not only generate economic growth,

but also ensuring ecological and social sustainability.

In general, the Blue Economy can be understood as

an economic model to encourage sustainable

development with a mind-set such as the workings of

ecosystems. This is not independent of the principles

that exist in the Blue Economy concept, namely:

1. Natural resources efficiency.

2. Zero waste, leave nothing to waste. Waste for

one is a food for another waste from one

process is resource of energy for the other.

Tourism Development of Gili Iyang Island based on Blue Economy

3. Social inclusiveness, self sufficiency for all,

social equity more job, more opportunities for

the poor.

4. Cyclic system of production, endless

generation to regeneration, balancing

production and consumption.

5. Open- ended innovation and adaptation, the

principles of the law of the physics and

continous natural adaptation.

In the tourism development needs to be

considered some elements that support tourist

destinations. Buhalis suggests most destinations

comprise of a core of the following components

named as the 6 As framework, which includes

attraction, accessibility, amenities, available

packages, activities and ancillary services. Apart

from that, World Tourism Organization describes the

tourism destinations of six elements

Figure 4: Tourism Destinations of Six Elements.

2.2.1 Attraction

Attractions generally the focus on attention of visitors

and can provide initial motivation for tourists to visit.

Attractions can be categorized as a natural tourist

attraction (beaches, mountains,parks, weather),

buildings, culture.

2.2.2 Amenities

Amenities means supportive services and facilities

include basic infrastructure for visitors, public

transportation, and roads and direct services for

visitors such as accommodation, visitor information,

recreational facilities, guides, operators and dining

and drinking facilities as well as shopping facilities.

2.2.3 Accessibility

Accessbility means the ease of visitors to reach the

destination by road, air, rail and sea lane.

2.2.4 Human Resources

Tourism is a labor-intensive industry and interaction

with local communities is an important aspect of

tourism experience. Trained tourism workers and

communities who realize the benefits and

responsibilities associated with tourism growth are an

indispensable element and need to be managed in

accordance with tourism destination strategies.

2.2.5 Image

Image means a unique or an important picture in

attracting visitors to visit. Included in the image of the

destination is the uniqueness, scenery, scene,

environmental quality, safety, service level, and

friendliness.

2.2.6 Price

Price is an important aspect of competition among

tourist destinations. The price factor relates to create

toruism based on blue economy, we must

implementation of the six element destinations above.

In terms of attractions, need to be created nature

attractions that are environmentally friendly and

nature conservation. So that there will be no

decrease/damage both in terms of environment and

the availability of flora and fauna. For example of

natural attractions are turtle conservation, coral reef

conservation, etc. Areas of tourist attractions that are

vulnerable to damage need to be identified, and given

the limits of tourism activities that can be done in the

area. In terms of amenities, need to be used energy

sources and technologies that are environmentally

friendly, for example solar panels, biogas, air

conditioning which use freon R23, etc. In addition, it

is necessary to build a waste treatment plant on the

existing infrastructure such as hotels, resorts,

shopping place etc, so that the waste produced can be

treated well and not pollute the environment.

SENTA 2018 - The 3rd International Conference on Marine Technology

Infrastructure development should pay attention to

the coastal ecosystem area so that the development

undertaken does not damage the existing ecosystem.

For example the construction of hotels and resorts is

not built in the fragile coastal zone or in the estuary.

In terms of Accessibility, using modes of

transportation that are low emissions, for example

electric cars or cars that use euro five emission

standards. In terms of human resources, knowledge

and skills of tourism workers need to be improved. It

will create better service and will bring in more

tourists so that economic growth will increase. In

terms of image, same as the attractions in its

implementation. In terms of price, the price offered

must compete and not turn off other business units.

Below is the example of comparison about six

elements of destination.

Table 3: Six elements that support Gili Iyang tourism.

No Elements Gili Iyang Island

1. Attraction There are not many attraction

and water games in Giliiyang

Island, only swimming, relaxing

and snorkeling. So the quality of

attraction element is quite good

2. Amenities Amount of banking services like

Banks, ATMs

and

money

changers

is less.

Hotel,

lodgings and restaurant is less.

So, the

quality

ofamenities

element is not good.

3. Accessbility Access to this island

quite

difficult, because we need some

transportation

such

as boat,

odong-odong, and rent a

motorcycle.

The quality of

transportation mode is quite

good.

the quality of

amenities element is quite good

too.

4. Human The quality of human resource

Resource

is quite

good. Local people

are friendly but some of them

can not use Indonesian

Language.

5. Image The

environmental

condition

Tourism Development of Gili Iyang Island based on Blue Economy

and air pollution is very good.

Oxygen content in this island

makes people more relax and

stay young.

6. Prices The

prices of

hotel,

transportation and restaurant is

affordable.

Table 4: Six elements that support Dewata Island tourism.

No Elements Dewata Island

1. Attraction There are so many nature

attraction and water games

in Dewata Island such as

snorkeling, diving, water

sport, surfing, banana boat.

So, the quality of attraction

element is very good.

2. Amenities There are so many banking

service, hotels, lodgings,

restaurant and shop. So, the

quality of amenities element

is ver

ood.

3. Accessbility Access to this island is very

easy. We can choose any

transportation mode to

arrive to Dewata Island.

4. Human

Resource

The quality of human

resource is very good.

Employee skill and response

to complain is very good.

5. Image The enviromental condition

and air pollution is quite

good.

6. Prices The price of hotel,

transportation, restaurant is

ends on

our choice.

From the two tables above, it can be seen that the

Dewata island in Bali is more advanced and has

applied the blue economy concept. If Gili Iyang

Island wanna be like Dewata Island, the six element

above must be completed.

3 IMPACTS TOURISM

DEVELOPMENT

3.1 Economy Sector

Positive Impact:

 Increase Expenditures

 Creation of employment

 Increased in standard of living

 Increased in investment

 Foreign exchanges earnings

 A rise in gross national product

 Taxation revenue

 Regional export income

Negative Impact:

 Localised inflation

 Real estate speculation

 Failure to attract tourist

 Better alternative investments

 Capital outflows

 Inadequate estimation of cost of cost of

tourism

 Undesirable opportunity cost including

transfer of fund from health and education

3.2 Commercial Sector

Positive Impact:

 Increase awareness of the region as a tourism

destination

 Increase knowledge about the potential for

investment and comercial activity

 Creation of new facilities, attraction and

infrastructure

 Increased in accessbility

Negative Impact:

 Acquisition of a poor reputation as a result of

inadequate facilities, improper practices or

inflated prices.

 Negative reactions from existing enterprise due to

the possibility of new competition for local

manpower and goverment assistance.

3.3 Socio-cultural Sector

Positive Impact:

 Increase in permanent level of local interest

and participant in types of activities

associated with event.

 Strengthening traditional values and

traditions.

 An improvement in social services

SENTA 2018 - The 3rd International Conference on Marine Technology

Negative Impact:

 Commercialisation of activities which may

be of a personal or private nature.

 Modification of nature of event or activity

to accomodate tourist.

 Potential increased in crime.

 Potential increased in prostitution.

 Change in community structure.

 Social dislocation.

3.4 Psychological Sector

Positive Impact:

 Increase local pride and community spirit

 Increased awareness of non local

perception

Negative Impact:

 Tedency towards defensive atitudes

concerning host region

 High possibility of misunderstanding

leading to varying degrees of host/visitor

hostility

4 CONCLUSION

The growth of tourism industry has had significant

impact on the economic development of related

industries such as accomodation, transportation,

services and so on. Development of tourism also

impact on commercial sector, psychological, and

socio cultural sector. Growth of tourism can be

happen because of blue economy. Blue economy is

opportunity to develop more economically and

enviromentally sound investments and businesses,

utilize natural resources more efficiently and less

environmentally, produces more efficient and cleaner

systems, produces greater products

and economic

value, increase labor absorption, and provide an

opportunity to benefit each contributors more fairly.

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Begum, FA., 2014. Blue Economy Finance from Scarcity to

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Blue Economy Workshop, 2014. Identifies 5 Challenges in

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Buhalis, D., 2000. Marketing the Competitive Destination

of The Future Tourist Management.

Indonesia, DK., 2012. Kebijakan Ekonomi Kelautan

dengan Model Ekonomi Biru.

Kathijotes, N., 2012. Blue Economy in Coastal

Management. An Ecological Perspective.

Priyono, 2014. Blue Economy Kementrian Pariwisata dan

Ekonomi Kreatif Republik Indonesia.

UNEP, 2012. Green Economy in a Blue World. Nairobi.

United Nation, 2014. Blue Economy Concept Paper

Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform.

UNWTO, 2013. World Tourism Barometer. Volume 11.

Van Doom, J., n.d. A Critical Assessment of Socio-Cultural

Impact Studies of Tourism in the Third World. In T.V.

Singh, H.L. Theuns and F.M. Go, (Eds.) Towards

Appropriate Tourism: The Case of Developing

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Tourism Development of Gili Iyang Island based on Blue Economy