Perception Index of Halal Tourism in Bangka Belitung
with the PCA Method
Hidayati, Devi Valeriani, Maya Yusnita, Muhammad Faisal Akbar
Departement of Economic, University of Bangka Belitung
Keyword: Halal Tourism, Public Area, MSME Product, Destination of tourism, Halal Restaurant, Cultural Tourism,
Hotels
Abstract: Sharia Tourism or known as halal tourism is a new way to develop Indonesian tourism that upholds Islamic
culture and values. Halal tourism development includes six types of tourism business components, namely,
Destinations / Attractions, Hotels, Restaurants, MSME Product Industries, Culture and Public Areas. The
purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the perception of tourists towards halal tourism in the
Bangka Belitung Islands Province in achieving the World Halal Tourism Award (WHTA). This research is
a quantitative research and is explanatory (explanatory research) with the intention of explaining as a whole
the object under study within certain limits and measuring the potential of halal tourism based on tourist
perceptions with the PCA (Principal Component Analysis) approach. The study uses primary data obtained
from questionnaires to respondents as many as 400 tourists when visiting Bangka Island, represented by the
City of Pangkalpinang and Belitung Island, represented by the City of Tanjung Pandan. The results showed
that 89.25 percent of respondents had a very good perception of the readiness of the province of Bangka
Belitung Islands to the World Halal Tourism Award.
1 INTRODUCTION
At present, Muslim tourists get the attention of the
world because they have a large share and potential
enough for the tourism industry (Sriprasert et al,
2014). Arief (2018) stated that in 2016 there were
2.5 million foreign Muslim tourists who came to
Indonesia. Targeted 5 million foreign Muslim
tourists will come to Indonesia in 2019 (Ministry of
Tourism and Creative Industry, 2018).
Sharia tourism or halal tourism is seen as a new
way to develop Indonesian tourism that upholds
Islamic culture and values. Sharia Tourism
Development or halal tourism includes four types of
tourism business components, namely hospitality,
restaurants, bureaus or travel, and spa services
(Ministry of Tourism and Creative Industries, 2015).
The study carried out by the Global Muslim Travel
Index (GMTI), stated that Indonesia was ranked 2
(two) as the world's most popular halal tourist
destination. Some areas that are potential as sharia
tourism destinations in Indonesia, including Aceh,
West Sumatra, Riau, Lampung, Banten, Jakarta,
West Java, East Java, Makassar, Yogyakarta and
Lombok. While the provinces that have developed
the concept of halal tourism are West Nusa
Tenggara, West Sumatra and Aceh. The concept of
halal tourism carried out by the 3 (three) provinces is
the application of a halal certification facility
program for tourism industry players (Arief, 2018).
Hamzah and Yudiana (2015) explained that
basically Islamic tourism is the same as tourism in
general, only this concept will explicitly give some
limitations, with the aim of providing comfort for
traveling with the concept of sharia. There are 2
(two) basic concepts that need to be understood in
discussing sharia tourism. First; the basis of building
an Islamic tourism industry in terms of Islamic
culture, and secondly the development of the
Valeriani, D., Yusnita, M., Akbar, M. and Hidayati, .
Perception Index of Halal Tourism in Bangka Belitung with the PCA Method.
DOI: 10.5220/0008443206190625
In Proceedings of the 4th Sriwijaya Economics, Accounting, and Business Conference (SEABC 2018), pages 619-625
ISBN: 978-989-758-387-2
Copyright
c
2019 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved
619
paradigm of the concept of sharia tourism at
destinations or attractions.
The tourism sector has an important role for
regional development of the Province of Bangka
Belitung Islands, because it is one of the regions in
Indonesia that is doing tourism development
(RPJMD 2012). In addition to having potential
tourist objects, the tourism sector of the Province of
Bangka Belitung Islands has been included in the
mandate of PP No. 50/2011 and Decree B652 /
Seskab / Maritim / 2015. ) priority tourist
destinations in Indonesia, and one of them is
Tanjung Kelayang on Belitung Island. (Ministry of
Tourism in D.Valeriani, 2017).
The growth of tourist visits to the Province of
Bangka Belitung Islands has increased every year,
which was seen in 2016 the number of visits was
347,619 people and in 2017 reached 367,084 people,
meaning an increase of 21.72 percent (BPS, 2018).
Theoretically it is stated that if there is a tendency to
increase the number of tourists, it means that the
demand for goods and services will be increased by
the tourism sector (Pitana, 2009). The number of
tourist visits has not mapped how large the number
of Muslim tourists visiting the Province of Bangka
Belitung Islands.
Some previous studies have examined the
comparison between halal and conventional tourism
potential. Hamzah and Yudiana (2015) explained the
comparative potential of tourism by describing
several government rules and some Islamic Sharia
relating to travel activities. Previous studies have not
compiled an analysis of halal tourism potential with
good analytical techniques. Furthermore, Sriprasert
et al (2014) explained that there are several main
components in accommodating the needs of Muslim
tourists namely; hotels, restaurants and public areas
in accordance with Islamic law.
This research using primary data in individual
level of respondent. There are 400 respondent spread
in Bangka and Belitung Island. Person that could be
included in this survey must be tourist from
domestic or foreign island. Data will be define with
Principle Component Analysis. PCA method could
make a rational weighted value according to the
characteristic of the data spread in the sample. So
PCA could made better analysis than the current
research.
The development of the concept of halal tourism
can be viewed widely and from various aspects that
support tourism. A. Suherlan (2015) found that a
number of sharia tourism variables in Jakarta are
still low in performance even though their
importance is high. Pertiwi (2011) and Saefudin
(2015) explained that, one of the concrete steps in
the effort to develop sharia tourism is to design
sharia tourism products and destinations, ranging
from sharia-based tourist services, lodging,
restaurants or restaurants, to religious facilities.
Sriprasert et al (2014) and Triana (2017) revealed
that to determine the potential of a region's halal
tourism, namely by observing several aspects as
follows: Tourism Destinations, Cultural Tourism,
Hotels, Restaurants, Public Areas and Industrial
UMKM products.
2 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 Tourism
Some experts argue about the definition of tourism
is an activity or human activity that travels
temporarily, from the original place of residence to
the destination with the reason not to settle or make
a living but only to fulfill curiosity, to spend leisure
time or holidays and destinations others (Mathieson
& Wall, 1982; Deery, Jago, & Fredline, 2012;
Burkart, AJ & Medlik, Burkart, Medlik, & others,
1981; Dolnicar & Ring, 2014; Kodhyat., 1998):
Wahab, 1982; Rai Utama, 2016: D.Valeriani, 2018).
While Yoeti (1998) and Teguh (2016) describe
tourism development as a system of linkages
between supply and demand components. The
demand component consists of domestic and foreign
tourists, while the supply component consists of
accessibility, tourist attraction objects, facilities and
utilities, as well as public attitudes towards tourism.
Gartner (1996) defines tourism in the movement
of tourists to a place far away from the
neighborhood where they live and or work for a
temporary time. French, Craig-Smith, J., & Collier
(1995) define tourism: "Tourism is the temporary
short-term movement of people to destinations
outside the places where they usually live and work,
and their activities during their stay at these
destinations".
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2.2 Halal Tourism
Sharia tourism is an activity that is supported by
various facilities and services provided by the
community, businessmen, government, and local
governments that meet the requirements of sharia
(Kemenpar, 2012).
Halal Tourism is one of the tourism systems
intended for Muslim tourists whose implementation
complies with Sharia rules. Currently the most
commonly used terms are 'halal tourism' and 'Islamic
tourism'. Some researchers use these terms including
Battor, & Bhatti, 2013; Battour, Ismail, & Battor,
2011; Battour, Ismail, Battor, & Awais, 2014;
Battour, Ismail, & Battor, 2010; Henderson, 2009;
Jafari & Scott, 2014; Stephenson, 2014; Zamani-
Farahani & Henderson, 2010).
According to Duman in Akyol & Kilinç, Islamic
tourism is defined as "The activities of Muslims
traveling to and staying in places outside their usual
environment for not more than one consecutive year
of participation from Islamic activities which are not
related to the exercise of an activity remunerated
from within the place visited (Kilinç, 2014).
According to Pavlove in Razzaq, Hall & Prayag,
Halal or Islamic tourism is defined as tourism and
hospitality which are also created by consumers and
producers in accordance with Islamic teachings.
Many countries in the Islamic world are utilizing the
increasing demand for Muslim friendly tourism
services (Razzaq, Hall, & Prayag, 2015).
Meanwhile, according to Sapta Nirwandar (2015) in
(Achyar, 2015) the existence of halal tourism as an
extended service that is mutually coupled with
others and can be complementary, or the product
itself. For example there is a halal hotel, which
means that people looking for hotels that guarantee
the halalness of their products will get a wider
option.
2.3 World Halal Tourism Award (WHTA)
The World Halal Tourism Award is an award given
to halal destinations. The halal destination in
question is a complete tourist destination with halal
facilities, Muslim tourist friendly tourism (moslem
friendly tourism). Examples of criteria that must
exist in halal destinations are that it is easy to find
mosques, ablution places, hotels have Qibla
direction, prayer hours, scriptures, and so forth.
(http://www.depkop.go.id).
The World Halal Tourism Award is one of the forms
of the application of the 3C formula, that is, first is
the Confidence of the Indonesian people (internal).
Second is Credible or increasingly trusted by the
world community (external). Third is Calibration or
closer Indonesia to global standards.
(https://jpp.go.id).
3 RESEARCH METHODS
3.1 Research sites
The study was carried out in the Province of Bangka
Belitung Islands consisting of Bangka Island
(Pangkalpinang City) and Belitung Island (Tanjung
Pandan City).
3.2 The measured variable
The variables measured in this study consisted of:
Destinations / Attractions, Hotels, Restaurants,
MSME Product Industries, Culture, and Public
Areas.
3.3 Population and Sampling Technique
The population in this study were tourists who
visited the Province of Bangka Belitung Islands,
which were taken in 2 (two) locations namely
Bangka Island and Belitung Island.
Sampling in this study uses the Slovin formula
(Sevilla et. Al., 1960), as follows:
Where n : sampel, N: total population and e:
population limit. So the calculation of the sampel is :
n = N/( 1 + N e² ) = 367.084 / (1 + 367.084 x 0,05²)
= 367.084/918,71= 399,56 = 400.
3.4 Data Collection and Analysis
Techniques Data collection in this study was
conducted by questionnaire method which was then
Perception Index of Halal Tourism in Bangka Belitung with the PCA Method
621
quantitated using the PCA (Principle Component
Analysis) method.
3.5 PCA method
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a
technique that is performed to extract several
orthogonal linear combinations from a collection of
variables. The combination of orthogonal linearity in
a set of variables provides information about the
characteristics of the set of variables (Filmer and
Pritchett, 2001). Intuitively, principal component
analysis is a linear index where the index captures an
information from a collection of variables with the
highest eigenvalue.
In a collection of variables, there are as many N
variables where
to
is the value of an
indicator of a perception, in this case the rating of
tourists. Principal component starts by specifying
each variable that has been normalized by the
average value and standard deviation
1
.. The following is a variable formulation
formed into a linear combination of a collection of
variables for each traveler / respondent j:
(1)
Expplanation:
J =Tourist / Respondent
1...N =Tourism Aspects (Tourist Destinations,
Hotels, Restaurants Industry / Products of
SMEs, Cultural Tourism, and Public
Areas)
= perception index of respondents 1 ... j
= coefficient of each variable from each
respondent
= value of answer to the respondent j
4 RESULTS
4.1 Description of Characteristics of
Respondents
In conducting survey activities, this study divides
the distribution of respondents on 2 islands, namely
Bangka Island and Belitung Island with the
development of each region with 200 respondents.
The main target of respondents is tourists both
domestic tourists and foreign tourists who are
traveling in several objects scattered on these two
islands.
Distribution of questionnaires is carried out evenly
and is expected to be able to provide a representation
that is appropriate to the tourism conditions of
Bangka Belitung in the direction of the World Halal
Tourism Award.
In terms of demographic characteristics, 40.5
percent of the sample in the age group is under 25
years old, 48 percent are aged 25 to 40 years and
11.5 percent of the total are over 40 years of age.
Gender in Bangka, male is 57 percent and woman is
42 percent. Education The majority of the sample in
Bangka is graduated from high school, which is
about 72 percent and 28 percent are diplomas and
scholars. While people who have worked from the
total sample are 33.5 percent and the rest are
housewives and students.
In demographic characteristics, in Belitung 48
percent of the sample is under 25 years of age, 36
percent are aged 25 to 40 years and 16 percent of all
are over 40 years old. Male gender is 43.5 percent
and women are 56 percent. Education The majority
of the sample in Bangka is graduated from high
school which is around 54.5 percent and 45.5
percent are diplomas and scholars. While people
who have worked from the total sample are 34.5
percent and the rest are housewives and students.
4.2 PCA analysis
The use of the PCA method is carried out to provide
the appropriate weight for each component of the
question regarding perception. Weighting that
matches the overall characteristics of the data set
will produce an index value that is expected to
represent the perception of tourists. Basically this
research builds a tourist perception index using the
PCA method, so that in the end each respondent has
their own perception index value. As shown in table
4. The PCA calculation results in table 6 show that
the index value will use the weighting of the comp1
value with the highest eigenvalue value of 4.365.
Comp1 is able to explain the overall characteristics
of data with a value of 14.55 percent. Therefore the
value of comp1 is used as a reference for weighting
each element of the question as many as 30
questions with 6 criteria that have been set. Each
criterion has 5 questions so that the overall
component is 30.
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After formulating the perception index value of
each respondent, this study makes the distribution of
index values based on the intervals that have been
formulated. There are 4 index interval formulations
that perceive certain categories of perception
including: very bad, bad, good and very good.
Table 4: PCA output
Source: processed data, 2018
Based on the results of data processing using
PCA, the following categories are obtained:
Table 5: WHTA Readiness Perception
Perception
Bangka
Belitung
Total
bad
1
2
3
good
6
34
40
very good
193
164
357
Total
200
200
200
Source: processed data, 2018
The results of the analysis showed that out of 400
respondents in Bangka Belitung, 3 respondents
stated that the readiness of Bangka Belitung was still
perceived as poor, 40 respondents perceived it good
and as many as 357 respondents perceived it very
good.
This is an indication that perceptively, Bangka
Belitung has provided excellent accommodation for
tourists, especially in its facilities to support halal
tourism. 89 percent of tourists have a very good
perception on the 6 indicators that have been
determined by this study. So that gives an indication
that Bangka Belitung already has public places,
MSMEs, restaurants, tourism objects and culture
that are conducive for tourists who want to access
sharia products and activities.
4.3 Perception of Respondents based on
Island
4.3.1 Perception of Bangka Island
Respondents
This research divides the area of tourism into two
places, namely Bangka and Belitung Islands.
Bangka Island is represented by Pangkalpinang City
and Belitung Island represented by Tanjung Pandan
City.
Table 6 :Tourist Perception of Bangka Island
Perception
Freq
Percent
cum
bad
3
0,75
0,75
good
40
10,00
10,75
very good
375
89,25
100
Total
200
200
100
Source: processed data, 2018
The results of the analysis showed that the level of
respondents' perceptions in the two regions did not
differ significantly. Tourists as a whole have a very
good perception of the tourism potential of Bangka
Belitung in going to WHTA. But in terms of
preparation, the Bangka region was perceived better
with 193 respondents (96.5%) perceiving very good.
4.3.2 Perception of Belitung Island
Respondents
Tabulation results in Belitung show good numbers.
The results show that 82 percent of tourists perceive
that the readiness of Belitung island to go to WHTA
Comp30 .239993 . 0.0080 1.0000
Comp29 .26552 .0255266 0.0089 0.9920
Comp28 .296623 .0311032 0.0099 0.9831
Comp27 .34593 .0493067 0.0115 0.9733
Comp26 .399188 .0532585 0.0133 0.9617
Comp25 .426643 .0274547 0.0142 0.9484
Comp24 .443971 .017328 0.0148 0.9342
Comp23 .457002 .0130316 0.0152 0.9194
Comp22 .480953 .0239512 0.0160 0.9042
Comp21 .536376 .0554229 0.0179 0.8881
Comp20 .554608 .0182314 0.0185 0.8703
Comp19 .564979 .0103717 0.0188 0.8518
Comp18 .583067 .0180881 0.0194 0.8329
Comp17 .67243 .0893622 0.0224 0.8135
Comp16 .689467 .0170368 0.0230 0.7911
Comp15 .745023 .0555563 0.0248 0.7681
Comp14 .829078 .0840552 0.0276 0.7433
Comp13 .865617 .0365389 0.0289 0.7156
Comp12 .922843 .0572265 0.0308 0.6868
Comp11 .957949 .0351054 0.0319 0.6560
Comp10 1.06089 .102941 0.0354 0.6241
Comp9 1.16083 .0999416 0.0387 0.5887
Comp8 1.2195 .0586711 0.0407 0.5500
Comp7 1.35095 .13145 0.0450 0.5094
Comp6 1.39847 .0475132 0.0466 0.4644
Comp5 1.63356 .235095 0.0545 0.4177
Comp4 1.95013 .316573 0.0650 0.3633
Comp3 1.99116 .0410288 0.0664 0.2983
Comp2 2.5916 .600439 0.0864 0.2319
Comp1 4.36564 1.77404 0.1455 0.1455
Component Eigenvalue Difference Proportion Cumulative
Rotation: (unrotated = principal) Rho = 1.0000
Trace = 30
Number of comp. = 30
Principal components/correlation Number of obs = 400
Perception Index of Halal Tourism in Bangka Belitung with the PCA Method
623
is very good, 17 percent perceive it well and only 1
percent perceive it badly.
Table 7 :Perception of respondents in Belitung Island
Perception
Freq
Percent
cum
bad
2
1,00
1,00
good
34
17,00
18,00
very good
164
82,00
100
Total
200
200
100
Source: data processed, 2018
So far Belitung Island has progressed quite rapidly
in the development of its infrastructure to support
tourism. Airport renovations to the construction of
hotels make public perceptions continue to improve
regarding the readiness of Belitung island in facing
WHTA.
5 CONCLUSION
This research would like to identify the perception
of tourists in Bangka Belitung regarding their
readiness to go to the World Halal Tourism Award.
Using the Principle Component Analysis method,
this study builds a perception index of each
respondent and compiles the index value so that it is
divided into 4 categories of perception based on its
quality.
The calculation results show that of the 6
aspects determined Bangka Belitung tourism is
perceived very good by 89.25 percent of respondents
spread across the islands of Bangka and Belitung.
Furthermore, 10 percent have good perceptions and
only 0.75 percent have a bad perception of the
readiness of the Bangka Belitung Islands province
towards the World Halal Tourism Award
(WHTA).The results of this study may contribute to
the relevant stakeholders, especially for the
provincial government of Bangka Belitung Islands
in formulating strategies for preparing Bangka
Belitung as one of the halal tourism destinations in
Indonesia.
This research have gave the new quantitative
method to build the perception index of tourist in
Bangka Belitung region. In the future, may be there
another ways to calculating the perception of
respondent. We hope there’s are new method can
analyze better that could make us better
understanding about this study.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The highest appreciation given by the researchers to
the parties who have supported the running of this
research, especially to the University of Bangka
Belitung which has accommodated lecturers in
increasing research publications through the Faculty-
level Lecturer Research (PDTF) scheme.
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