Cognitive-Behavioral Counseling Model Based on Local Wisdom at

East Java

Nur Hidayah

, M. Ramli

and Husni Hanafi

Guidance and Counseling, State University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia

Postgraduate Student, State University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia

Keywords: Cognitive-Behavioural Counselling, The Local Wisdom Of East Java

Abstract: Cognitive-behavioural counselling model develops not based on the cultural values of Indonesian society.

Development of Cognitive-behavioural counselling Model based on local wisdom, especially Madurese,

Samin, and Tengger culture at East Java is considered important and necessary. Initial research was conducted

to find out the need of counsellor to Cognitive-behavioural counselling with research and development design.

The research instrument uses a questionnaire of counsellor needs, in-depth interviews, and evaluation scale.

The respondents were counsellors at SMPN 1 Bangkalan, SMPN 1 Margomulyo Bojonegoro and SMPN 1

Sukapura, Probolinggo. The results showed that the counsellor needs a Cognitive-behavioural counselling

model of local wisdom East Java culture-based to help students in the Madurese, Samin, and Tengger culture.

The research findings contribute to the guidance and counselling praxis and add the repertoire in guidance

and counselling science continuously, need to be developed Cognitive-behavioural counselling model based

on culture in East Java in particular.

1 INTRODUCTION

Counselling services are a helping service provided

by a professional counsellor to a counselee or group

so that he / she can solve the problem independently-

the common good. There are various factors that

influence the success of counselling, ranging from

how the counsellor’s competence in communicating,

the mastery of counsellors in using the counselling

model, the ability to think of the counsellor, even

related to the cultural values adopted by the

counsellor and counselee.

The Cognitive behavioural counselling model is

an integrative counselling model between the

orientation of cognitive counselling and behavioural

counselling developed by (Beck, 1976, 2011).

Cognitive counselling framework behaviour is a form

of counselling that incorporates the principles and

procedures of counselling Cognitive and behavioural

counselling in an effort to help the counselee achieve

expected behavioural changes (Ramli, 2005; Corey,

2009, 2013). The purpose of Cognitive behavioural

counselling is to help the counselee identify and alter

the specific cognitive processes associated with

affective and behavioural issues.

(Beck, 1976) as a pioneer of Cognitive

behavioural counselling started his research on

patients with anxiety disorder and he found that

behavioural-Cognitive counselling was very effective

in overcoming it (Clark and Beck, 2010).

Furthermore, Cognitive behavioural counselling

continues to grow further, so it can be used in various

schools in America (Beck, 2011). The need of local

wisdom-based counselling was shown by previous

research. Those research shown there is cognitive-

behaviour counselling developed based on Japanese

culture by using manga (Shinmei et al., 2016), how

Latin Culture deal with depression (Kanter et al.,

2008), adaptive CBT model developed based on

Chinese culture (Guo and Hanley, 2015) etc. Then, at

East Java, counsellor needs to see the need to develop

Cognitive behavioural counselling based on local

wisdom, so that counselling services become more

effective (Hidayah and Ramli, 2017).

The development of cognitive behaviour

counselling based on local wisdom in East Java

shown by counsellors who cannot directly use the

comprehensive behavioural counselling model

because the Cognitive behavioural counselling model

has not included the values of local wisdom.

Hidayah, N., Ramli, M. and Hanaﬁ, H.

Cognitive-Behavioral Counseling Model Based on Local Wisdom at East Java.

DOI: 10.5220/0008408501090113

In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Learning Innovation (ICLI 2018), pages 109-113

ISBN: 978-989-758-391-9

109

Some local cultures of East Java are interesting to

be adopted as the basis for the development of

Cognitive counselling Behaviour such as

Maduranese, Samin, and Tengger culture. For East

Java, Madurese show a unique culture because of

their location in another island, samin show the strong

character as the other side of Javanese, and Tengger

show their culture as the heir of the Majapahit

Kingdom.

The result of initial observation found that one of

the gap factors in the counselling process is the

difference of cultural values of the counselee and

counsellor. For example, counsellors assigned in the

Madura area certainly face students with Madurese

cultural values; the counselor in charge of Mount

Bromo Probolinggo area also faces students with

Tengger cultural values. The same happened to the

counsellor who served in Margomulya District

Bojonegoro provide counselling services to students

of Samin cultural background. The cultural gap is felt

when the counsellor uses the counselling paradigm of

Anglo Saxon is much different from the values of

Indonesian culture, more specifically the culture of

East Java.

East Java ethnic community has specificity in

acting or behaving. Just as the Madurese hold fast the

philosophy of bhupa ', bhabu', ghuru, rato (mother-

father, teacher, king) implies that the Madurese place

the father of the mother as a highly respected figure

as their significant others (Sadik, 2012). The

profession of teachers and civil servants is the image

of a noble and noble work for the Madurese compared

with other types of work. Teachers for Madurese are

highly respected for the task of educating the nation's

children. Madurese ethnic community is a hard-

working figure, obedient in worship, and never give

up when getting a lot of trials.

The samin community adheres to saminism. The

best known teachings of Saminsime are the three laws

governing the behavior of the Samin community,

namely: (1) Angger-angger pangucap (the law of

speech), (2) Angger-angger partikel (the law of

conduct), and (3) Angger-angger lakonana (law)

implementation). In addition, Samin people highly

uphold honesty, harmony, respect and love of fellow

human beings, nature, and other living creatures.

Samin teaching is a pandom urip (life guide) until

now is still very preserved and attached to the public

Samin. The three laws of behavior-the philosophical

value of the Samin society (Sastroatmodjo, 2003).

The philosophy of tengger society lives upholds

the welas asih pepitu (Seven loves), avoids the panca

sroda, and obeys the 20 wasiat (wills). In addition

Tengger cultural values emphasize that someone

always do good to fellow human beings and other

creatures of God's creation, upholding customs as a

guide of life, togetherness, and love of peace. Thus

the three values that are the basis for developing a

model of cognitive counselling behaviour of local

wisdom of East Java.

Cultural values of East Java are the values of local

wisdom mentioned above can provide a paradigmatic

thinking direction that counselling service model

cognitive behaviour based on East Java cultural

values is important to develop. Thus, conducted

research on the development of Cognitive behaviour

model of behaviour based on East Java culture. This

study aims to produce a model of Cognitive

behavioural counselling based on local wisdom of

East Java-Madura, Samin, and Tengger which guides

the counsellor to help students in East Java culture.

Initial research of the study shows an urgency of

this research. Details of the initial research indicate

that junior high school counsellors in three areas

namely Bangkalan, Bojonegoro, and Probolinggo

have not used a counselling model in accordance with

the culture of East Java. Development of Cognitive-

based counselling model behaviour based on local

wisdom, received a good response and support,

because the counsellor needs a model of counselling

based on local wisdom-culture of East Java, in order

to improve counselling results effectively and

efficiently. The model that generally used is cognitive

behaviour model developed by (Beck, 2011). The

other result is the counsellors need the cognitive

behaviour counselling model based on local wisdom

of East Java culture has characteristics that are: (1)

strong theoretically, (2) easy to use, (3) clarity of

material of discussion and its implementation, (4)

effective and efficient in its implementation, and (5)

culture of Madura, Samin, and Tengger with the

condition and development of East Java society

today.

2 METHOD

The research design used in this study adapted the

development research design proposed by (Borg, Gall

and Gall, 2003). Selection of (Borg, Gall and Gall,

2003) development research design is based on the

general purpose of this development research is the

result of product form of guidance counselling

Cognitive behaviour based on local wisdom of East

Java. Cognitive counselling model development

method behaviour based on local wisdom of East Java

is (1) preliminary study through literature and need of

cultural counsellor of Madura, Samin, and Tengger,

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(2) product development planning, (3) preparation

and development of prototype of Cognitive behaviour

based counselling guide local wisdom of East Java,

(4) vailidas expert test (BK expert, media expert, and

cultural expert), (5) user test, and (6) product revision.

Further tested kepterapannya through field testing.

The instrument used in this research is the

assessment scale. Rating scale is intended to assess

the draft guidance counselling Cognitive behaviour

based on local wisdom of East Java by guidance and

counselling experts, media experts, and cultural

experts. Data analysis technique is the percentage

followed by the interpretation of results.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Cognitive counselling model behaviour based on

local wisdom of East Java is an important thing to be

developed. The results of this study became an

accurate proof that the counsellor needs a model of

Cognitive behavioural counselling based on local

wisdom of East Java. This East Java-based culture-

based counselling model forms the framework of

which consists of the philosophy of East Java cultural

counselling, the development of East Java human

behaviour, the nature of East Java counselling, the

changing conditions in counselling, and the

mechanism of change. The model is equipped with a

cognitive behaviour-based counselling service guide

based on East Java culture.

The findings of this research are equipped with

Cognitive behavioural counselling techniques based

on local wisdom of East Java culture that is suitable

for modelling techniques (live models) and symbolic

models, self-statements, self-management, and

assertive-training. The counselling evaluation

process using interviews and self-evaluation.

Cognitive counselling model behaviour based on

local wisdom of East Java is equipped with

guidebooks. Cognitive-based counselling manual

behaviour based on local wisdom of East Java

contains: rational, counselling objectives, user goals,

how to use the guide, counselling measures,

counselling techniques, counselling media,

counselling implementation exercises Cognitive

behaviour, counselling evaluation instruments, and

evaluation successful counselling.

Cognitive behavioural counselling Guide based

on local wisdom of East Java using Corey framework

(Corey, 2009, 2013). The framework of the

counselling model includes: counselling concepts,

human nature, healthy personal and personal

problems, counselling objectives, counsellor roles,

counsellor experiences, relationship situations,

counselling procedures and procedures, counselling

techniques, counselling media and counselling

evaluation instruments. The selection of such

frameworks can make it easier for counsellors to

understand a consistent counselling framework to

compare counselling models (Corey, 2013). The use

of Corey's framework in Cognitive counselling

manuals East Java-based behavioural behaviour can

facilitate the understanding of counsellors in applying

Cognitive behavioural counselling models based on

local wisdom of East (Hidayah and Ramli, 2017).

The view of the human culture of East Java is that

human beings believe in the existence of God, man is

eternal and moral, maintains togetherness and

kinship, man plans for the future-prosperous life, help

with fellow and preserve the creation of god. Humans

dignified before God and man. Human’s malasuai

according to East Javanese cultural view is greedy,

away from the love of God and human, immoral, and

individualist.

The nature of cognitive counselling East Java's

cultural behaviour is re-educated on the basis of

divine value. Wisdom-based counselling of East Java

culture aims to educate and re-familiarize a new

behaviour counselee based on god-religiosity values.

Therefore at the preluc- tive stage-the initiation stage

always begins by praying according to the beliefs of

each Madurese culture (praying in Islam), Samin

culture (praying according to the teachings of

saminism), and Tenggerese culture (praying

according to Hindu teachings of Tengger). This

finding is different from the counselling developed by

(Beck, 1976, 2011) that the viscosity of East Java

society by glorifying the Creator-the divine values in

every act whose implementation is in accordance with

each ethnicity.

The counselling stages used in the Cognitive-

based counselling model behaviour based on local

wisdom of East Java is the modification of Beck's

behaviour Cognitive counselling model by

incorporating Madurese, Samin and Tengger cultural

values. One of the peculiarities of East Javanese

cultural values based on the three cultures developed

is religiosity-in accordance with the way embraced by

the Madurese, Samin, and Tengger cultures. Other

founders are mutual respect for each other, kinship,

and uphold the truth. That is the figure of cultural

value of East Java. Based on the internalization of the

East Java cultural values, it becomes the basis for

developing a model of cognitive behavioural

counselling based on local wisdom.

The stages of counselling Cognitive behaviour by

(Beck, 2011) are: Initial stage (first), the first stage of

Cognitive-Behavioral Counseling Model Based on Local Wisdom at East Java

111

behavioural Cognitive counselling is data collection.

This stage aims to help the counselee determine the

problems faced and formulate the goals of

counselling. At this stage, the counselee keeps a diary

to monitor for himself the behavioural goals to be

changed. At this stage it is expected that (1) the

counselee realizes that the data relating to the

problem experienced previously has never been

noticed even underestimated, and (2) the counselee

conducted a self-exploration that allegedly affect the

process of reconceptualization problems

encountered, so that can be resolved effectively. Its

application in local wisdom counselling of East Java

by adding to the initiation of counselling begins to

pray, so that the viscosity of the value of religiosity is

very concerned.

The second stage (second), the second stage of

cognitive behavioural counselling is a stage of

improvement of cognitive, emotional, and

behavioural changes. This stage aims to help

counselees manage their adaptive thoughts and

behaviours. Once the counselee begins to redefine the

problem, the counselee learns to carry out complex

new behaviours or produce behaviour that fits the

new situation. In this second phase the counselee is

expected to achieve change in three domains, namely

(1) change of open behaviour, (2) self-regulated

activity, in this case counsellor cooperate with

counselee to help change self-statement, self-image,

interfere with adaptive function, and (3) change of

cognitive structure of counselee. The ethnic

communities of East Java-Madura, Samin, and

Tengger put forward the process of thinking before

acting. Therefore, the society of East Java culture in

every act has been carefully thought through,

resulting in a behaviour that is in line with the mind

and impact on feelings.

Final Stage (third), the third stage is the stage of

consolidation, generalization, behaviour

maintenance, and avoidance of relapse. This stage

involves the cognition and role of the counselee about

change. During this final phase the counsellor and

counselee consolidate the changes that have been

achieved, improve generalization, and maintain the

influence of counselling and reduce the possibility of

the counselee to relapse again. At this stage the

counsellor is expected to help the counselee (1) be

able to link the changes that have been achieved with

his repertoire and (2) increase the sustainability of the

benefits of counselling experienced with the

anticipation of recurrence at any time. In this final

stage the counsellor gives full support to the

counselee for the achievement of his new behaviour

to stay wary if at any time appear old behaviour. The

counsellor provides time for counselling if needed.

East Java ethnic community always maintain and

uphold kinship and togetherness in order to help each

other if there is action that damage East Java ethnic

image.

Relevant techniques to apply to counselling

cognitive behaviour based on local wisdom of East

Java is modelling (through significant other), self-

management (anger management, forgiveness),

assertive training, and self-statement. M

Modelling technique is chosen because there are

cultural values of Madura bhupa ', bhabu', ghuru,

rato-mother-father, teacher, king (Rifai, 2007),

cultural value of Samin there is pandom urip-(1)

angger-angger pangucap (law of speech); (2) angger-

angger partikel (laws of conduct); and (3) angger-

angger lakonana (implementation law),

(Sastroatmodjo, 2003; Munawarroh, 2015), and

cultural values of Tengger sabda pandhita ratu which

means obedient to the leader's command, in this case

the leader of the Tengger tribe (Adrianto, 2013).

Thus, the modelling technique in question

contains significant other values (Madurese-role

model with the philosophy of bhupa ', bhabu', ghuru,

rato). It can be an appropriate way to provide a

problem solving in cognitive behaviour counselling

based on local wisdom of East Java (Hidayah and

Ramli, 2017).

The self-statement technique is rationally chosen

to teach the counselee to change his thinking that has

been preventing him from developing. The change of

self-statement of the counselee also refers to the

values of bhupa ', bhabu', ghuru, rato, angger-angger,

and welas asih pepitu, panca sroda and 20 wasiat.

Furthermore, the new self-statement is familiarized

by the counselee so that it can change the behaviour

of the counselee to solve the problems it faces. Self-

management techniques are chosen to reduce feelings

of anger, envy and resentment, and abstinence. By

arranging disturbing feelings to achieve adaptive

behaviour and balance in living by prioritizing

worship in their own way, upholding the truth,

togetherness, respect for others and the environment

as God's creation. The values that develop in East

Java are working for the future with emphasis on

working hard and taking risks. Therefore one of the

techniques developed in the East Java wisdom

counselling model is assertive training technique.

This technique aims to help the counselee to be brave

and assertive without harming others. As Beck

suggests that behaving boldly and boldly is the capital

to achieve a decent and adaptive life (Corey, 2013;

Hidayah, 2015).

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4 CONCLUSIONS

Research on the development of Cognitive-based

counselling model behaviour based on local wisdom

of East Java shows that there is a welcome and

support and very high needs by junior high school

counsellors in East Java. The form of counselling

model of Cognitive behaviour based on local wisdom

of East Java in the form of counselling manual for

counsellors contain: East Java human nature,

development of adaptive and maladaptive human

behaviour of East Java, the nature of East Java

counselling culture, the purpose of counselling

cultured East Java, the stages of counselling and the

techniques.

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