Potency Exploration of Trowulan Cultural Heritage Area as

Educational Facility

Retno Eka Pramitasari, Nur Muflihah

Universitas Hasyim Asy’ari, Jombang, Indonesia

Keywords: Exploration, Cultural Heritage, Educational Facility.

Abstract: Trowulan is a very popular cultural heritage area in Mojokerto city and designated as a National Tourism

Strategic Area which is thick with cultural and historical elements. The purpose of this study to explore the

tourism and cultural heritage potency in Trowulan area as education facility. The object of this research is the

existing cultural heritage in the Trowulan area including Bajang Ratu Gate, Petirtaan Tikus, Brahu Temple

and Majapahit Information Center. This study used descriptive research with a qualitative approach and

sampling techniques using purposive sampling techniques. The results of this study indicated that the majority

of visitors who are student-certified were 52.5%, the response of visitors related to the perception of the

attractiveness of the tourist environment was 62.1% very interesting, and the perception of tourist accessibility

to visitors responds 76.4% supported this condition. Visitors expressed satisfaction with the facilities and

activities in the tourism object. This proved that the Trowulan cultural heritage area can be used for holidays

and educational facility.

1 INTRODUCTION

Indonesia is a country that is rich in history and

culture in the past, namely the existence of kingdom

spread among others the Majapahit kingdom,

Singasari kingdom, Sriwijaya kingdom, and Kutai

kingdom. This can be proven by the presence of

artefacts in the form of sculpture, statues, and

temples. Every cultural heritage has historical value

and knowledge (Rahmi and Qiram, 2018). Trowulan

is a tourism area that has a great history for

civilization in Indonesia, where there are relics at

Majapahit's heyday. As a city, the Trowulan site

stores many cultural heritage objects from various

aspects of life that are interesting to be learned.

Trowulan is a place that has potency that can be

developed both in national and international regions

(Sektiadi, 2016). This potency can develop in line

with the interest and motivation of the community

who can participate in preserving and widely

introducing Trowulan tourism areas as tourism areas

and educational facilities.

However, there are still some communities,

especially Mojokerto residents who don't know those

places, haven't even visited the tourism object. There

are also people who do not know, that Trowulan has

the potency as a tourism place, a media of educating

both history and culture. Likewise with people in

several large cities, there are among them who do not

know the historical sites and religious tourism in

Trowulan. This raises concerns about the Majapahit

kingdom site, especially the temple, which should be

protected and preserved.

Some tourist areas that have historical value

certainly have their own appeal for visitors to make a

tour. This can be a motivation for the community to

participate in developing and disseminating both

location information, tourist conditions and values

contained in the tourist attractions. According to the

results of the 2016 East Java museum's cultural

heritage visitor report, the Majapahit museum in

Trowulan Mojokerto is still the favourite from year to

year. This can be seen in Table 1.

Table 1. Shows the ranking of visitors to the

museum in East Java. Where Majapahit became the

first rank site that is often visited by tourists, because

this museum keeps the Majapahit Kingdom and some

other remains from various regions in East Java.

Pramitasari, R. and Muﬂihah, N.

Potency Exploration of Trowulan Cultural Heritage Area as Educational Facility.

DOI: 10.5220/0008408401050108

In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Learning Innovation (ICLI 2018), pages 105-108

ISBN: 978-989-758-391-9

105

Table 1: 2016 East Java museum's cultural heritage visitor

report (Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya, 2016).

Name

Location

Number of

Tourists

Museum

Majapahit

Trowulan,

Mojokerto

146.689

Museum

Sumenep

41.246

Museum Trinil

Ngawi

21.811

Museum

Penataran

Blitar

6.734

Museum

Airlangga

Kediri

6.575

The Trowulan site also has support from the

World Monument Fund (WMF), an international

organization engaged in preserving cultural heritage

with one of its programs, namely the World

Monument Watch releasing a list of threatened

heritage sites. Trowulan is included in the World

Endangered Site and will be listed as the 2014 World

Monument Watch (Davison and McConville, 1991).

This study aims to describe the characteristics of

visitors who travel to Trowulan cultural heritage,

activities carried out by visitors and know the

response of visitors to tourist attractions but also to

explore the potentcy of cultural heritage tourism areas

in Trowulan including Bajang Ratu Gate, Petirtaan

Tikus, Candi Brahu, and Majapahit Information

Center as an effort to preserve Majapahit cultural

heritage and as a education media (Abadiyah, 2014;

Wijaya, Bahruddin and Hidayat, 2015). Movable

cultural heritage objects are mostly stored in the

Majapahit Information Center or better known as the

Trowulan museum, while immovable cultural

heritage objects are scattered in several villages and

some have been successfully restored by the Project

for the Development of Former Antiquities History of

the Majapahit Kingdom City works with the Cultural

Heritage Conservation Center (Fitri, Ahmad and

Ahmad, 2015).

2 METHOD

This research is an exploratory research using

descriptive analysis. This study used purposive

sampling as a sampling technique, in which

researchers set several criteria’s, including samples

taken at each place of tourism a number of 30 people,

visitors who were used as data collection at a

minimum level of junior high school education. The

place used in the study were 4 Trowulan cultural

heritage objects, which included Bajang Ratu Gate,

Petirtaan Tikus, Brahu Temple and Majapahit

Information Center (PIM).

Preparation Research Concept of Potential

Exploration Study of Trowulan Tourism Area as

Education Facility in Mojokerto Regency is carried

out systematically so that the direction and objectives

of the research do not deviate from the problems that

have been formulated at the beginning of the study.

Based on the research implementation approach

that used qualitative research approaches commonly

with triangulation in data collection techniques, the

methods used in the collection and information

implementation in this study were:

2.1 Observation

This technique allows the researcher to draw

inferences (conclusions) about the meaning and point

of view of the sources, events, or processes observed.

Through this observation, researchers will see for

themselves the unspoken understanding (tacit

understanding), how the theory is used directly

(theory-in-use) and the point of view of sources that

may not be grieved through interviews or surveys

2.2 In Depth Interview

Primary data sources or main data related to the

problems in this study were obtained from the results

of in-depth interviews conducted by researchers on

key informants. Determination of informants was

done by purposive sampling technique. Purposive

sampling was a sample determination technique with

certain considerations.

2.3 Documentation

Documents were notes of past events. Documents can

be in the form of writing, pictures, or monumental

works from someone. Document study was a

complement to the use of observation and interview

methods in qualitative research to obtain more

credible / trustworthy research results

Based on the data collected, since the observations

were made, the data was actually analysed or

interpreted by the researcher. Nevertheless, the

results obtained must be explored and synthesized, so

that resulting new propositions and conclusions.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Cultural heritage tourism area is one of the objects

that are used by visitors to enjoy the beauty, learn the

historical and cultural values contained in each place

ICLI 2018 - 2nd International Conference on Learning Innovation

106

of tourism object. Based on the results of observations

of research conducted, that the majority of visitors

were students from kindergarten, elementary school,

junior high school, senior high school and some ar e

college students. Based on the results of the study,

52.5% of visitors were students, 16.7% were self-

employed, 8.3% were private workers and 22.5%

were civil servants. This was in accordance with the

purpose of visiting tourism object which stated that

45% of the Middle Semester Activities (KTS) have

been held by schools and 46.7% of visitors aimed to

have a vacation, 5.8% of visitors wanted to know the

culture of tourism objects and 2.5% visitors did

research which was one of the final project of KTS.

Tourists who visited the Trowulan cultural heritage

tourism object stated that 90.8% of the tourism

objects were interesting and felt happy about the

visited tourism objects, 9.2% felt unattractive and

unhappy, this was caused by visitors got little

information that supported the tourism object of

cultural heritage as an education media, both in the

form of brochures and tour guides. As many as 68.3%

stated that they first visited Trowulan's cultural

heritage objects, and there were no visitors who had

more than five visits. In addition, tourists visited

together with tour groups at 68.3%, with friends at

18.3% and at 13.3% with family. The largest tourism

group were 68.3% of the school group and 5.8%

visited with the recitation group.

Based on the results of the research obtained, it

shows that cultural heritage tourism in Trowulan has

the potential as a means of education for visitors.

Visitors stated 62.1% very attractive both in terms of

beauty, historical and cultural lesson views. This is in

accordance with the support of the visitors, if the

Trowulan tourist area was used as an educational

facility.

The visitors had various responses about the

objects in Trowulan. This could be seen from the

results regarding the perception of the attractiveness

of the tourist environment, which included the beauty

of the temple, views of the park, history lessons,

cultural lessons showed 62.1% of visitors felt very

attractive and 37.9% said it was interesting. This

results had an impact for the convenience and

satisfaction of activities done by visitors in the tour,

which can be seen in the Figure 1.

Based on the Figure 1, visitors stated that 24.4%

felt comfortable while enjoying the park view, the

temple view, learned the historical value and cultural

values and the level of satisfaction reached 38.5%.

Whereas, 75.6% of visitors stated that they were very

comfortable in doing tour activities and 61.5% of

visitors were very satisfied with all the activities

carried out at Trowulan's cultural heritage objects.

This can be seen from the variety of activities carried

out by visitors from enjoying the beauty of the

scenery, looking for information about visited

objects, taking pictures together, even joking

together. In addition, there were also visitor

perceptions about the accessibility of Trowulan

cultural heritage objects, which can be seen in the

Table 2.

Figure 1: The graph of visitor activity chart.

Table 2: Perception of visitors against tourism accessibility.

Accessibility

Not

Suppor

Less

Suppor

Highly

Suppor

Entrance

6,7%

53,3%

40%

Transportatio

n Availability

91,7%

8,3%

Sign Posts

84,2%

15,8%

In entrance access, 40% of visitors said they were

very supported, 53.3% of visitors said supported and

6.7% of visitors said they were less supported, this

was because there were some dusty road conditions

and clay that was scattered due to project activities.

Visitors responded that 91.7% supported and 8.3%

very supported of the transportation availability

facilities that were easily available to get to tourism

objects, due to the location of tourism objects close to

major highways. In addition, road signs also

determined the convenience of visitors on the way to

tourism objects, a number of 84.2% visitors expressed

to support and 15.8% visitors said they very

supported.

Perceptions of tourism facilities also affected in

terms of travel, which in the presence of a good and

supportive response can improve and develop

existing facilities in tourism objects and supporting

booster of tourism objects exploration both

domestically and abroad. The facilities contained in

Trowulan's cultural heritage objects include parking

lots, information centers, places of worship, reading

Potency Exploration of Trowulan Cultural Heritage Area as Educational Facility

107

places, trash bins, toilets, gazebo, parks and souvenirs

shop. The facility can be known about its physical and

cleanliness conditions to determine the utilization

satisfaction level by tourists. The Visitors' responses

regarding these conditions can be seen in the Figure

Figure 2: The graph of perception

Based on Figure 2 explained that 50.1% of visitors

stated that the physical condition of cultural heritage

tourism facilities was very good, 47.2% of visitors

stated that the condition was good and 2.7% of

visitors stated that their physical condition was not

good, this could be due to some minor damage to the

facilities provided. Visitors' perceptions to tourism

facilities in their cleanliness conditions on the graph

above obtained 46.8% of visitors stated that they were

very clean, 52.1% of visitors stated that they were

clean and 1.3% of visitors said they were not clean,

this could be due to the large number of visitors used

facilities so that there were visitors who felt the

cleanliness conditions at the facility were reduced.

Visitor satisfaction in the use of the facilities

provided in Trowulan cultural heritage tourism

objects depicted in the graph above showed that

41.9% of visitors expressed their satisfaction, 52.5%

of visitors expressed satisfaction and 5.56% of

visitors stated that they were not satisfied. Visitors

felt dissatisfied can be caused because the number of

available facilities was less fulfil when the number of

visitors increased in the same day and time, such as a

parking lot, where visitors found it was difficult to

park the vehicle when increasing the number of

visitors at the same time, as well as parking which

was separated from the location of the tourism object,

which was due to the renovation of the parking lot.

The visitors agreed on the existence of

sustainability management that must be done by

every layer of society, but there were some visitors a

number of 2.5% who stated that they did not agree to

the sustainability management of Trowulan cultural

heritage tourism, because the visitors thought that it

was enough, both of beauty scenery and facilities

provided. Basically visitors strongly agreed to the

preservation activity of cultural heritage result in

order to keep well both now and in the future. Besides

that it could be used as an education media, both

historical and cultural values in every tourism object.

4 CONCLUSION

The result of the research conducted at Trowulan's

cultural heritage tourism object have the potency that

support the activities of traveling and educating, both

in terms of the attraction of tourism environmental

object, accessibility of tourism object, and available

facilities. Visitors feel less happy to travel in the

Trowulan cultural heritage tourism object a number

of 9.2%, due to lack of information that supports

Trowulan's cultural heritage tourism object as an

education media. Less information received, for

example from information boards and brochures.

Writing that are on the board contains less

information, some of them begin to fade so that it is

less clear to be read and learned. While brochures,

some of the visitors don't even find out who don't

know about the brochures distributed as basic

information on the tourism object.

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