Profile of Cosmetic Side Effect and Atopic Risk Factors in Aesthetic

Polyclinic and Cosmetic Medical RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta

2015-2017

Sekar Sari Arum Palupi

, Tuntas Rayinda

, Kristiana Etnawati

, Dwi Retno Adi Winarni

Resident of Department of Dermatovenereology, University of Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Division of Dermatocosmeticology, Department of Dermatovenereology, University of Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta,

Indonesia

Keywords: Profile, side effects, cosmetics, atopic

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine the profile of cosmetic sideeffects and risk factors in patients with

atopic. The study was conducted retrospectively based on the medical records of new patients with cosmetic

side effects in Aesthetic Polyclinic and Cosmetic Medical Dr.Sardjito Yogyakarta from January 2015-

December 2017 which 16.642 patients, with cosmetic sideeffect of 1.361 patients. The result showed that the

profile of cosmetic side effects according to sex:95.15% women, 4.85% men; by age category: adult 46.73%,

teenager 29.02%, elderly 24.25%; based on the level of education: high school level is 44.12%, bachelor

33.33%, unknown 19.46%, masterdegree 2.31%, elementary school 0.77%. Profile of adverse effects based

on diagnosis: Exogenous Ochronosis 34.68%, Acne Cosmetics 28.14%, Contact Irritant to Cosmetic 9.70%,

Demodicidosis 8.52%, Steroid Acne 8.23%, Steroid Induced Rosacea 4.48%, Perioral Dermatitis 3.31 %,

Contact Allergy to Cosmetics2.94%. The frequency profile of cosmetic side effects per year by age category

from 2015-2017 respectively: adolescents 14.03%,8.89%,6.10%, adult 21.82%,15.21%,9.70%, and elder

7.05%,8.45%,8.74%. Prevalence of risk factors for atopy patients are determined by Atopic Skin Diathesis is

35%. It can be concluded that cosmetic sideeffects on women are more dominant than men. The most

dominant side effects in adulthood, with high school education. The most dominant side effect of cosmetics

is Exogenous Ochronosis while the most rare is Contact Allergy to Cosmetics. There is a tendency to decrease

the frequency of the side effects in teenager and adult. However, there is an increase in elder age. Prevalence

of risk factors for atopic patient is small.

1 INTRODUCTION

Cosmetic is a product that used on the body and face

to enhance appearance. Cosmetic ingredients mostly

contain chemicals such as sodium laureth sulphate,

talcum, parabens, phthalates, mineral oil,

triethanolamine and some heavy metals such as lead,

arsenic, nickel, cadmium, mercury, silicon, etc. that

can cause allergies even damage to skin tissue,

cancer, and disruption of growth and reproduction

function. Some of the side effects of cosmetic use

including allergic contact dermatitis (DKA), iritant

contact dermatitis, hyperpigmentation,

hypopigmentation, exogenous ocronosis, cosmetic

acne, contact urticaria (Prafitasari, 2010; J. N, 2015).

The use of cosmetic from year to year is

increasing. In the USA there has been a rapid increase

in cosmetic use in the last decade whether the use of

cosmetics through surgery or non-surgery, both in

men and women. Some reasons of using cosmetic

include improving quality of life, increasing prices

and trust, increasing people's judgments on the social

status of users. Atopic dermatitis is a common,

chronic, relapsing, inflammatory skin disease that

primarily affect young children. Atopy is defined as

an inherited tendency to produce immunoglobulin E

(IgE) antibodies in response to minute amounts of

common environmental proteins such as pollen,

house dust mites, and food allergens included

cosmetics (Nash et al., 2006; Sadick, 2008).

172

Palupi, S., Rayinda, T., Etnawati, K. and Winarni, D.

Proﬁle of Cosmetic Side Effect and Atopic Risk Factors in Aesthetic Polyclinic and Cosmetic Medical RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta 2015-2017.

DOI: 10.5220/0008153301720175

In Proceedings of the 23rd Regional Conference of Dermatology (RCD 2018), pages 172-175

ISBN: 978-989-758-494-7

2 METHODS

This research is a cross sectional study conducted

retrospectively based on medical records of new

patients in Aesthetic Polyclinic and Cosmetic

Medical Dr.Sardjito Yogyakarta from January 2015-

December 2017. The number of patients as many as

16,642 people, patients suffering from cosmetic side

effects as many as 1361 people. Patients are grouped

by sex, age, education level, diagnosis. To evaluate

the Atopic Skin Diathesis (ASD) Atopic Skin

Diathesis (ASD) trend, with score criterion> 10 is

Atopy (Dickel et al., 2003). Due to hospital data

limitations, the side effects evaluated with ASD were

2017 patients only, which amounted to 110 people.

Data analysis techniques use descriptive statistics in

the form of frequency tables, pie charts, bar charts,

and prevalence percentages.

3 RESULT

Table 1 shows the profiles of people with side effect

that’s based on sex and age. Patients with side effects

of women cosmetics as many as 1295 (95.15%),

while men as many as 66 (4.85%). Grouped by age,

adult sufferers 636 (46.73%), teenagers 395

(29.02%), elder 330 (24.25%).

Table 1. Profile of side cosmetic side effects based on gender and age

Characteristic

Years Total

2015 2016 2017

Gender

Male 19 (1.40 %) 22 (1.62 %) 25 (1.84 %) 66 (4.85 %)

Female 565 (41.51%) 421 (30.93 %) 309 (22.70 %) 1295 (95.15 %)

Age

Teenager (15-24 yo) 191 (14.03 %) 121 (8.89 %) 83 (6.10 %) 395 (29.02 %)

Adult (25-49 yo) 297 (21.82 %) 207 (15.21 %) 132 (9.70 %) 636 (46.73 %)

Elder (≥50) 96 (7.05 %0 115 (8.45 %) 119 (8.74 %)

330 (24.25 %)

Figure 1. The profile of cosmetic side-effects patients by education level

Proﬁle of Cosmetic Side Effect and Atopic Risk Factors in Aesthetic Polyclinic and Cosmetic Medical RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta

2015-2017

173

Figure 2. patient profile of cosmetic side effects based on the diagnosis

Figure 3. Increased trend of side effects for young, adult, and old age

The profile of cosmetic side effects based on the level

of education is presented in Figure 1. The high school

level is 44.12%, bachelor 33.33%, unknown 19.46%,

master degree 2.31%, elementary school 0.77%. The

profile of cosmetic side effects based on the diagnosis

is presented in Figure 2. Exogenous Ochronosis

34.68%, Acne Cosmetics 28.14%, Contact Irritant to

Cosmetic 9.70%, Demodicidosis 8.52%, Steroid

Acne 8.23%, Steroid Induced Rosacea 4.48%,

Perioral Dermatitis 3.31 %, Contact Allergy to

Cosmetics 2.94%.

The frequency profile of patients with cosmetic

side-effects per year by age category from 2015 to

2017: teenager (14.03%, 8.89%, 6.10%), adult

(21.82%, 15.21%, 9.70%), and elder (7.05%, 8.45%

8.74%). Figure 3 shows an increasing trend of

cosmetic side effects from young, adult, and elder

age. Appear at young and adult age there is a

downward trend, whereas for elder age there is an

increasing tendency.

From the total of side effects of 110 cases, 38

cases are Atopic patients. Thus the prevalence of

Atopic risk factors on cosmetic side effects was 35%.

RCD 2018 - The 23rd Regional Conference of Dermatology 2018

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4 DISCUSSION

The results showed that side effects in women more

than men. this is corresponding with the characteristic

of women who tends to use more cosmetics than

men. Considered of age, the side effects of adult is

most dominant, followed by teenager and elder age.

It can be explained that in adulthood people socialize

so that it has more tendency to maintain the

appearance of (Nash et al., 2006; Sadick, 2008;

Thomsen et al., 2014; Akhlaghi et al., 2015) so that

the frequency and type of cosmetic usage is higher

than elder age. Frequency of side effects of

Exogenous Ochronosis, most dominant because most

of the cosmetics used by women is skin whitening eg

Hydroquinone (Findlay et al., 1975; Hardwick et al.,

1989), but for the tropics as in Indonesia which tends

to very strong sunlight, this triggers Ochronosis. The

trend of side effects in teenager and adulthood is

decreasing, while elder age it is increasing because

elder skin is increasingly susceptible to disease.

5 CONCLUSION

Cosmetic side effects on women are more dominant

than men. The most dominant side effect is in

adulthood, with high school education. The most

dominant side effect of cosmetic is Exogenous

Ochronosis while the most rare is Contact Allergy to

Cosmetics. There is a tendency to decrease the

frequency of side effect in teenager and adulthood but

in elder age there is an increase. Prevalence of risk

factors for atopic patients is small.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The author would like to delivered thanks to Yan

Aditya Prabawa and Naura Syaffira Prabawa for their

support in finishing this research. The author also

delivered thanks to all staff of Dermatology and

Venereology UGM for the guidance during

residency.

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2015-2017

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