The Effective Implementation Theory on Economic Development

Based on Part of District Region in Indonesia

A Study of Government Developing Program in Soko Village, Glagah

District, Lamongan Regency

Noto Mashari Joyo

and Philipus Keban

Human Resource Development Program, Post Graduate School, Universitas Airlangga

Lecture of Public Administration, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Airlangga

Keywords: Effectiveness, Implementation, Economic Development Movement.

Abstract: The purpose of this implementation study is to describe the rating result of the performance attainment of a

program initiated by mobility economic development based on population in Lamongan. This study applies

qualitative research method with descriptive research type. The location of this research includes

government agencies which are involved in the program performance of mobility economic development

based on population in Lamongan. Those agencies are development planning agency at sub-National level

(Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah) Lamongan regency. Food plants, horticulture and plantation

offices (Dinas Tanaman Pangan, Hortikultura, dan Perkebunan) Lamongan regency as an agency assigned

as the program executor, with the help of unit technical implementation (unit pelaksana teknis dinas) in

agriculture field from the sub-district. The result of this study shows that the process of the mobility

economic development based on population in Lamongan is not effective and also inefficient. This can be

stated because five indicators of effectiveness show that the program is not performed well and there are

two of three efficiency indicators that assert adversity.

1 INTRODUCTION

Development is an instrument used to achieve a

purpose that is a prosperous and society, such as the

process of development as the stepping stone for the

progress whom is very important factor and must be

done. Strengthening food sector is one of awareness

design for increasing of food availability.

Strengthening through policy and program is hoped

could develop the agriculture potency. The

Urgencies that have been constructed by the food-

consumption culture is provided by the reason that

agriculture and food security in live-stock

availibility became neccessary in the regional based

on economic development.

According to national research agency, the

central bureau of statistics, Lamongan regency is in

the second place as the highest rice productivity in

Indonesia. Rice production in Lamongan regency

counted by 979.004 tons in the year of 2016. This

fact will be counted as the greatest factor of regional

economic development in Lamongan regency.

Farming have to be one of the continuously

preserved sectors by both the community or regional

governors of Lamongan, because the majority of its

people are farmers, and foodstock are a valuable and

durable resource which made Lamongan well-

known. Such things could surely improve the

economical value of Lamongan Regency, which

means improvement through maintenance is a very

important thing to do, thus one of the essence of

food durability that based upon farming must be

developed. But, the improvement of the economy

must be seen from the farmers’ point of view.

The advancement of the economy could bring

back the prosperity that was dreamed upon to reality.

There would be no more unbalance between urban

and suburban areas in terms of economy which

makes stabilization and equalization the primary

target for the ongoing program.

The strengthening of the agricultural sector

would surely look at the auxiliary factor that

available. This will be explained through this table:

758

Mashari Joyo, N. and Keban, P.

The Effective Implementation Theory on Economic Development Based on Part of Distr ict Region in Indonesia.

DOI: 10.5220/0007550907580764

In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference Postgraduate School (ICPS 2018), pages 758-764

ISBN: 978-989-758-348-3

No. Village Name Rice (tonnes)

Kentong 1.058,18

Wangen 422,73

Bangkok 0,00

Meluntur 440,88

Dukuhtunggal 1.506,82

Bapuhbandung 979,76

Tanggungprigel 680,34

Sudangan 879,13

Karangagung 608,95

Duduklor 885,96

Medang 865,83

Mendogo 847,44

Began 406,25

Menganti 1.392,60

Rayunggumuk 973,95

Gempol pendowo 506,39

Soko 303,36

Morocalan 417,30

Pasi 1.033,62

Margoanyar 1.053,00

Glagah 1.245,48

Bapuhbaru 1.001,13

Jatirenggo 1.245,48

Konang 261,66

Wonorejo 580,52

Panggang 918,79

Wedoro 632,31

Karangturi 771,40

Meluwur 610,08

Glagah District 22.559.82

Figure 1: Land mass.

Sources: Glagah district regional statistics 2015.

The data from the aforementioned diagram

explains the abundance of land being used for

farming, with lands used for ricefields reaching

87.762 acres used for agriculture, 55.751 acres used

for non-ricefield farming, and 23.459 acres used for

other purposes.

The creation of programs that are aimed to

flourish and increasing farmed goods surely are the

hope of the people. To achieve such goal, the

Mobility Economic Development of Population in

Lamongan Basedprogram is made by the

government of Lamongan. This flagship program

made by the Regent and Government of Lamongan

is purposed to increase the harvest yields of the

community, especially the ones made from the

villagers of Lamongan Regency.

Program execution is done by way of gradually

giving every village which is represented by a group

of farmers in the rural areas of Lamongan, in form of

hand tractors and pumps is indeed badly needed by

farmers, with hopes that the pumps and hand tractor

certainly aim to facilitate the work of farmers and

ease the job and get higher yields. Indirectly the

Government wishes that the economical income of

the regency in the agricultural sector should continue

to be intensified, in this case the regencythe

durability of those foodstockmust be continuously

strengthened. However, if there are no training on

how to utilize the farming tools, and making it look

like those given tools are commercialized by the

village authorities. In this case, the process of

making hand tractors must be crafted and used by

experts, thus making common farmers spend more

money to use. The hopes off the villagers concerning

the development of the agricultural sectors surely

The Effective Implementation Theory on Economic Development Based on Part of District Region in Indonesia

759

became the mutual expectations of all sides,

including the government agencies working to give

potential service so the existing regions could be

properly treated and lead into prosperity.

Table 1: Production of foodstock crops (rice) of Glagah

district in 2014 (tons).

Sources : Glagah District Regional Statistics 2017

There are several foodstocks produced such as

horticulture and rice crops. But, rice farming is

currently becoming the main interest. Rice is the

major-consumed food in indonesia. It would be

obvious if the rice is the most thing that planted on

many farms in indonesia, especially in East Java.

Fom the table above, it can be seen the

production in several villages in Lamongan. Dukuh

tunggal village is the most productive village,

despite the large of their village-zone and Bangkok

village comes to the lowest with their prodution of 0

tons, it means that they don not have any ricefield in

their village-zone.

One thing interesting in this table is the range of

amount of production beetwen every village. The

range will not last more than 48% (leaving Bangkok

village whom has 0 tons of rice-producing) in the

statistics comparation, and that means the amount of

production beetwen those villages is average and

they all productive village in rice production.

The food diversity in each village do not affect

for rice production in significant ways. The rice

always comes first, despite the major-consumed

food in Indonesia. The last thing that we must know

from that table is the background of the amount of

production. Technology always have the significant

part in this case, and its also the “suprastructure”

ways involved according to the cultural society. The

most productive village, what means Dukuh tunggal

village, has the most developed technologies than

the others. Unlike Konang Village that must have

the major disadvantage in technology.

2 THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK

2.1 Populist Economy

The Populist Economy system according to

Mubyarto et al. (2014) is a national economy system

that was based upon the concept of familiarity, the

sovereignty of the people, morally based on

Pancasila and showing total allegiance to the people.

Allegiances and protection towards the economical

condition of the people that is constantly set aside

during the colonial era even until after the

independence. The absolute requirement of the

national economy system with social justice is to

carry out political sovereignty, economical

independency and cultural character.

2.2 The purpose of Populist Economy

There are seven important elements of populist

Economy according to Mubyarto et al. (2014)

 First, the Nation must held full control of the

natural resource that we have.

 Second, fiscal law is more stable by balancing

income and expense.

 Third, Industrial and trading policies must be

aimed towards the realization of a strong,

efficient and highly competitive industrial

structure.

 Fourth, the good governance must be aimed

towards increasing transparency, accountability

and free of corruption. Bureaucratic reformation

purposed to increasing efficiency and effectivity

of public service.

 Fifth, the agrarian reform became very important

due to simplifying public access to lawn. The

Nation have to place limits to owning or

cultivating private lawn and maintaining land

price.

 Sixth, the strengthening of regional autonomy is

directed to empower villages more as the

spearhead of eradicating poverty and improving

welfare. Village empowerment is done through

development.Budgets can exceed 1 billion per

year.

 Seventh, improving the human resources.

2.3 Effectivity of Implementing the

Populist Economy Growth

Movement Development

The Accuracy of determining an indicators for

effectiveness is affecting the analitical accuracy of

the researcher on the researched program. Indicators

according to Ripley in Erwan and Dyah (2012) is the

following :

 Access is used to find out that the program or

service that is being given is easy to reach by the

targeted group.

 The coverage used to judge on the reach on the

targeted group.

 Frequency is used to judge how often the

targeted group receive a promised service by a

policy or a program.

ICPS 2018 - 2nd International Conference Postgraduate School

760

 Bias is used to judge whether or not the service

being given by implementor is biased to the

society.

 Service delivery is used to judge whether or not

the service done during a program is right on

time.

 Accountability is used to judge the

implementor’s acts during its job.

 The suitability of the program with these needs is

used to assess whether the various outcomes of

the policies or programs received by the target

group are in accordance with the needs or not.

Ripley’s Indicator leads to execution or

implementation stage of the program by prioritizing

the accuracy of the implementation, or in this case,

programs could be deemed effective if those seven

indicators prove useful and well.

Implementation, according to Sabatier and

Mazmanian in Triana, Wahyuni (2011), is the

carrying out a basic policy decision, usually

incorporated in a statute but which can also take the

form of important executive or court decisions.

Ideally that the decision identifies the problems(s) to

be addressed, stipulates the objective (s) to be

pursued and in a variety of ways, structures the

implementation process.

According to another statement about effectivity

of a program by Hisnuddin Lubis (2015), the

program could be said as effective if it is being

influenced by the implementation of its technique

because the implementation would determine the

output of the program. The logics is, the instrument

of effectivity of a program would be determined by

how the implementation of its policy. According to

Rainey (1991), effectivity is the most important

thing for the prosper of the nation they (bureaucrats

and apparatus) serve.

3 RESEARCH METHOD

This Research is using a qualitative research method

with an Effectivity Implementation type of research,

which is looking at how effective the program has

been since its launch. The location of research is in

food plants, horticulture and plantation offices.

Those agencies are Development planning agency at

sub-National level Lamongan regency, Local

Technical Implementation Unit of Glagah District

and Farmers’ Association in Soko Village, Glagah

District, Lamongan Regency.

Technique used for determining informant is by

using purposive sampling which turns into snowball

sampling. Data gathering method done using

interviews, observation, documentation, literature

study, and online data. Data analizing method used

by researchers is by implementing data reduction,

data presentation, withdrawal verification and

conclusion and also data validation method is done

by using triangulation. The exactness of determining

research method will affect on the results of the

research.

According Glenn in Bowen G.A (2005) during

the field research, what went through in my mind

was that I simply could not afford to rush through

the interviews or skirt around the issues. And when

the time came for me to draw upon the interviews

for my research report, I was at pains to ensure that I

was not offering a cure for insomnia. I did that by

constructing a compelling narrative and including it

in the appendix. The parts of the narrative that

illustrated emerging themes found their way into the

results chapter, which I knew had to be more than a

good story well told. Field observation was done

during the same period in which the interviews were

conducted, with the observer role being

supplementary to the interviewer role.

4 RESULTS AND EXPLANATION

4.1 Implementing the Populist

Economy Growth Movement

Development

Development carried out by the government of

Lamongan District with the holding of the superior

program of the Lamongan Regent is related to the

development of rural enterprises under the name of

the Mobility Economic Development of Population

in Lamongan Based program is certainly a

breakthrough to empower the rural community

especially to those who have business. In this case,

one of them is rice farming, with the majority of the

farmers, of course, such programs are expected by

farmers to grow with mutual help from all elements

of interest in it, not impossible again when the

program is felt successful then the goal of food

security can be achieved and the level of welfare the

communty increases especially if Lamongan regency

can cover the food shortage. So far, Indonesia still

depends on other countries in the sufficiency of food

security, so that the price can not be determined by

the government to make the market price went up

and down is uncertain and certainly detrimental to

society itself.

The Effective Implementation Theory on Economic Development Based on Part of District Region in Indonesia

761

According to Serageldin (1993) economic

sustainability which includes economic growth,

capital maintenance, and efficient use of resources

and capital. Ecological sustainability includes

ecosystem integrity, carrying capacity, protection of

species diversity and natural resources, while the

sustainability of social aspects is the existence of

justice, empowerment, participation and institution.

Furthermore, the implementation of sustainable

development that must first be considered is the

social aspect, because it acts as the center of

development.

4.2 The Simplicity of Information

Access and Help

According to the farmer’s organization in Soko

Village, Information sharing or counseling related to

the Mobility Economic Development of Population

in Lamongan Based program should focus on the

needs that is expected by farmers, which is utilized

by learning the structural problems existing in field,

when the affiliated government or agencies have

understood the issue and then giving information

and counseling as important and attractive as

possible and further breakthroughs that could

develop farmers so that they could give a more

positive outcome on farmers’ society in local

villages. But the unoptimal information sharing and

in such a short, unscheduled time makes the

presentation to the farmers unoptimal.

The information access and the ease of use by

the government or any related bureau or

organization shows that there are no detailed agenda,

so the farmers’ society is having a hard time to get

information and even refused to attend a counseling

that is related to information sharing from the

Agriculture and Forestry Agency and the Regency of

Lamongan. Besides, inaccuracy on information

sharing is also there on Soko Village with its own

related problems.

Ease of access according to Mulyono (2015) in

information, ease of access could be interpreted as a

form of information sharing about the stages that

exists in a program, the usual interaction that

contributes to the formation of an agenda or the

calmness of all things related to the program. The

importance of information access is so that all

elements of society could observe on all businesses

that is being done by all government official by

utilizing organizations’ purposes and social welfare.

As such, the officials must act professionally in

performing their duty, and besides, the officials held

an important role on attaining and sharing high-

value information by the targeted group so they

could acknowledge what they were yet to know.

4.2.1 Program Suitability with Needs

Executing a program will oversee a coming problem

and plan to overcome such problems by preventing

one of the causes, so that the process of concluding

the problem could be done quickly and efficiently.

The Mobility Economic Development of

Population in Lamongan Basedprogram is a

distinguishing program that is aimed to improve the

business owned by the society, in this case the

farmers. In determening the need to solve a problem,

surely the related parties which is the government

must do an in-depth study from the root of the

problem; not only using samples when determining

conclusion, but more geared towards field activities

and filter out public opinions and aspirations, so they

could be handled wholefully. Because in a problem,

the society affected is farmers, which more

understands the characteristic of the faced issues.

The conformity of the needs according to Ripley

in Erwan and Dyah (2012). The conformity of such

program is used to judge whether or not the policies

released is accepted by the targeted groups is used

properly or not.

4.3 Intensification of Program

Maintaining and Coaching

Accuracy

The coaching that is being done is due to enrich the

human resources. It was made so that the farmers

could optimize the farmers’ potential, which could

in turn, became one of the main factors in

agriculture, because agriculture is one of the main

occupation with highest interest in the whole

regency.

The help being provided by the government to

the farmer group, in the management of the whole is

given to the farmer group, so that the bad condition

of the aid of the tool given is all returned to the

farmer group. Farmer groups are fully responsible

for the management of goods, the government only

exercises control to see how the state of the tool aid

has been given to farmer communities managed by

said groups.

Based on the Lamongan’s Government, the

management of relief items is more commonly used

at the turn of seasons, after the completion of the

rice season the necessity of hijacking rice fields

using the tractor. But there are some obstacles

during the field tilling which is an order from land

ICPS 2018 - 2nd International Conference Postgraduate School

762

owner to farmers’ group, which in this case is

difficulty to handle or to operate that makes not all

farmer’s request to plowing land left unfulfilled,

thus making the problem more difficult. But these

matter must be faced and solved with good

intentions, because the purpose of handing out help

in form of those tractors were an effort to ease the

farmers on plowing the land.

Accuracy on doing a development is a

responsibility to all related stakeholders, because

even though help has been handed to all farmer

groups, but in entirety of the program is everybody’s

responsibility. The existence of obstructions in the

development system must be solved together

because if a problem weren’t treated soon, will cause

an inconsistency in the implementation with the aim

and fixed target during the agricultural development

through mobility economic development based on

population in Lamongan.

According to H. Combs and Manzoor Ahmed

(1985;41-174), there are four types of environmental

development typologymodels, which is the

counseling approach, training approach, independent

union approach, and integrated construction

approach. The existence of those four typology

models surely were a form to be able to develop the

society, so that the society would be able to follow

the cultural advances that is rapidly spreading.

4.4 Monitoring

In the unscheduled and unknown monitoring, these

kind of things were hard to evaluate how far the

mobility economic development based on population

in Lamongan, developmental phase or trouble that

block a progress of a certain program. In executing a

program, even though there has been a proper

planning, but without proper maintenance and

controlling its growth, there tend to be a forgotten

thing that could lead to failure of the program.

Especially monitoring is a valid material for

evaluation. If monitoring is done rather seldomly,

there would also be different results in the

evaluation, it will look pointless if the obstructions

and problems were not detailed.

Inaccuracy during planning and monitoring by

only relying on observig passages in the village

could surely be a major obstruction in the

government body, because the society surely expect

a problem solving statement which could not be

handled too well by farmers with hopes of help.

Meanwhile with a fundamentally similar matter,

Winardi in Sujamto (1994:96) describes the process

of observation in 4 (four) steps, which is:

 Assessing the standards to observe

 Analizing results

 Comparing execution to standards and assessing

the difference (if there is one)

 Fixing anomalies with creative actions.

The starting point of the observation process is to

assess observation standards. The standards is a

mark that is used by observers to judge whether the

observed object is progressing smoothly or not. By

seeing these standards, the results of observation

could only result in two things : progress

accordingly or defying the standards (Sujamto,

1986:97)

5 CONCLUSION

Based on the presentation, analysis and data

interpretation that has lead to researches about the

effectivity of mobility economic development based

on population in Lamongan. Program in Soko

Village, Glagah District, Lamongan Regency in

relations to agricultural social services, which could

be explained as such:

1. The development of farmlands which is hauled

has been executed which is against the Regent’s

desicion . But, in the process of the program,

there have not been an optimal one, so

continuing the progtam that has been planned

yield unfavorable results. And then there is also

the lack of Coordination between the

Agricultural and Forest Agency, Regional

Technical Maintenance Unit and the civilians

from the farm group.

2. The Agricultural Development through mobility

economic development based on population in

Lamongan is still far from hopes of the farmers.

The stagnant results is very disheartening do to

no harvest yield increase right. There were 6

Indicator used to judge the program and describe

that there are more than several issues currently

happening during the duration og the Mobility

Economic Development of Population in

Lamongan Based program, which is:

 Necessity: By using coordination starting

from the farmers, Regional Technical

Maintenance and Agriculture and Forestry

agency, the Regency of Lamongan granted 2

units of manual tractor and 3 units of pump

which is not effective considering the size of

the society and the farmers were expecting

more kind of supplies and tools with high

The Effective Implementation Theory on Economic Development Based on Part of District Region in Indonesia

763

hopes that other farmers could learn how to

and the techniques.

 The Agricultural and Forestry Agency of

Lamongan Regency needs to do a more

personal approach to all farmers and listen to

their complaints wholefully. It is important to

do to invoke an emotiolan closeness and to

avoid disintegration in the program’s

implementation. The schedules to meet and

observe must be intensified.

 There are also complains to the changing

weather such as floods and drought, which

would be the main basic issue, and the other

issue is the limited stockpile of fertilizers that

could lead to pest-ridden crops.

 Information Access and Ease of Use for the

media: the uncertainty of information sharing

related to developing agriculture is by the

government or any related bureau or

organization shows that there are no detailed

agenda, so the farmers’ society is having a

hard time to get information and even refused

to attend a counseling that is related to

information sharing from the Agriculture and

Forestry Agency and the Regency of

Lamongan.

 Mentoring and Developing Accuracy: The

development of human resources must have a

coordination between related stakeholders

and mentoring was one of the forms of

progress.

 Monitoring: To see and observe the program

implementation, surely had to be done

routinely, but in truth, Observation sessions

are only done during the Agencies’ free time

and showed an ambiguity concerning the

monitoring schedules.

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