DEJUNGKIL (Bran, Corn, Meal) as Nutritional Formula for Free-

Range Chicken (Gallus Domesticus) Egg Production Increase

Palestin Binti Djazuli

, Era Hari Mudji

Postgraduate School of Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, Indonesia

Keywords: DEJUNGKIL, free-range chicken, free-range chicken eggs.

Abstract: DEJUNGKIL is the nutritional formula used to increase the production of free-range chicken (Gallus

domesticus) eggs with compositional ratio of 5 bran: 3 corn : 2 soya bean meal. The study of DEJUNGKIL

nutritional formula proves the significant production of free-range chicken eggs compared to both

commercial nutrition and combination of commercial and DEJUNGKIL in 50:50 compositions. The

research method of free-range chicken (Gallus domesticus) provided with DEJUNGKIL (Bran, Corn, Meal)

nutrition used the experimental type. Twenty-seven free-range hens of 18-20 week (4-5 month) old were

used as the experimental animals. The design in use was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3

treatments and 9 replications. The three treatments were P1 (commercial nutrition provision), P2

(DEJUNGKIL nutrition provision), and P3 (combination of commercial and DEJUNGKIL nutrition

provision) with 50 commercial nutrition : 50 DEJUNGKIL nutrition ratio. Provision of DEJUNGKIL

nutrition and combination of commercial and DEJUNGKIL nutrition were conducted for one month and

data was collected on the 30

day (data includes eggs produced by the free-range chickens in one month).

The collected data was then analyzed using Analysis of Variant (ANOVA) test. The results showed real

difference between the production of free-range chicken eggs (P>0.01) provided with commercial nutrition

(P1), DEJUNGKIL nutrition (P2), and combination of commercial and DEJUNGKIL nutrition (P3). The

average number of free-range chicken egg production of P1 treatment was (8.888 ± 1.269); P2 (10.444 ±

1.509); P3 (9.444 ± 0.881) and the weight in P1 treatment is (2211 ± 124.3); P2 (2211 ± 124.3); P3 (2216 ±

71.93). From this research, it can be concluded that DEJUNGKIL nutrition can increase of egg productivity

of free-range chicken compared to commercial nutrition or combination of commercial nutrition and

DEJUNGKIL nutrition.

1 INTRODUCTION

Free-range chickens are local breed of chickens in

Indonesia with large variable performance and

genetics, and its potential should be developed to

enhance community nutrition and increase family

income (Zakaria, 2004

). The demand for free-

range chicken is increasing year by year (Bakrie et

al., 2003); there was an increase by 4.5% during

2001-2005 and free-range chicken consumption

increased from 1.49 tons to 1.52 tons during 2005-

2009. Meanwhile, the production of free-range

chicken with traditional maintenance ranges only

between 40-45 eggs/head/year (Sulandari et al.,

2007). Given this situation, it is apparent that

traditional maintenance to agribusiness transition in

order to increase population, production,

productivity, and efficiency of free-range livestock

business needs development (Zakaria, 2004

Various attempts have been conducted in this

development, and semi-intensive and intensive free-

range chicken development with quality feed as well

as prevention from and control of disease, especially

tetelo (ND), worm disease, and lice were considered

quite profitable (Usman, 2007). Furthermore,

improvement on maintenance governance from

traditional to intensive could increase hatchability to

80%, egg-laying frequency to 7 times/year, and

decrease dmortality to 19% (Sartika, 2005).

On the other hand, there were some problems in

free-range chicken among other micro businesses

(mother hen ownership of less than 10 heads), such

as low egg production ranging between 30-40

eggs/year, slow growth, high mortality from ND

604

Djazuli, P. and Mudji, E.

DEJUNGKIL (Bran, Corn, Meal) as Nutritional Formula for Free-Range Chicken (Gallus Domesticus) Egg Production Increase.

DOI: 10.5220/0007547906040607

In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference Postgraduate School (ICPS 2018), pages 604-607

ISBN: 978-989-758-348-3

disease, high-priced feed, and individual business

with traditional maintenance (Sapuri, 2006). Even

so, some experts believed that free-range chicken

productivity could be increased through feed

improvement and genetic quality enhancement

(Setioko and Iskandar, 2005).

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

In this study, 27 free-range hens age 18-20 weeks,

DEJUNGKIL (Bran, Corn, Meal) feed and

commercial feeds for free-range chicken were used.

The type of this research was experimental, as in

conducting direct observation on the number of eggs

produced by free-range chickens provided with

commercial and DEJUNGKIL (bran, corn, meal)

feed.

Free-range chickens were divided into three

groups of treatment in kandang postal (chicken

coop/run). In treatment I, 9 hens were fed with

commercial feed. In treatment II, 9 hens were fed

with DEJUNGKIL (bran, corn, meal) with the ratio

of 5 : 3 : 2, and in treatment III, 9 hens were fed with

a combination of DEJUNGKIL and commercial

feed. The hens were raised for one month, and the

count for the number of eggs started from the first

day the hens laid eggs to the time they showed

indications of incubation or started incubating their

eggs. Meanwhile, the weight was calculated after

one week of new feed adaptation process by

weighing the hens every week for a month.

Analysis of comparative data of egg production

and weight of free-range chicken (Gallus

domesticus) was conducted by using ANOVA. F

value F statistics 0.05, therefore the analysis was

continued to BNT test 0.05.

3 RESULTS

Table 1: Average and standard deviation of free-range

chicken egg production number one month (30 days).

Treatment

Number of Eggs Average ± SD

8.888 ± 1.269

10.444 ± 1.509

9.444 ± 0.881

Note: The different superscript letters in the same

column show real difference (P<0.01).

Table 2: Average and standard deviation of free-range

chicken weight in one month.

Treatment

Average of Weight (gram) ± SD

2211 ± 124.3

2238 ± 96.78

2216 ± 71.93

4 DISCUSSION

Ration has a significant role in chicken reproduction

and egg production processes. The lack of certain

substances in rations leads to a defect and failed

production and reproduction. Layer rations should

contain high protein and mineral as needed.

Sufficient mineral content in rations is essential in

the physiological processes of poultry. One of the

must-have minerals in rations is calcium. Mineral is

one of the nutrients needed by poultry. It has various

types, such as Ca, P, Mg, Al, and Na. Poultry

animals need all of those minerals, but layer hens

need calcium the most as it is the main mineral in

egg production process (Underwood, 2001).

Calcium, when provided as needed in every period,

has a positive impact on egg production (Ahmad et

al., 2003). Eggshell calcification starts before egg

enters the uterus, namely in isthmus area. A small

batch of calcium is seen on the outer side of the shell

membrane before the egg leaves the isthmus.

Reproduction canal does not store calcium and

approximately 20% of calcium in blood is

transferred to uterus (Hafez et al., 2000). Vitamin D

increases absorption in intestinal mucosa by

stimulating production of (CaBP), a calcium-binding

protein (Wahyu, 1997).

The calcium content in DEJUNGKIL,

comprising of bran, corn, and soyabean meal, is:

0.1% of bran (Hartadi et al.,1997), 21% of corn

(Amrullah, 2003), and 0.32% of soya bean meal

(National Research Council, 1994). As for the

calcium content value of the mixture, all of the

components mentioned above are mixed in 5 : 3 : 2

ratio in a total weight of 10 kg (Komala, 2008).

Calculation of calcium content in the artificial

feed made out of bran, corn, and soya bean meal

with the ratio of 5 : 3 : 2 was bran (5 : 10 x 0.1 =

0.05%), corn (3 : 10 x 21 = 6.3%), and soya bean

meal (2 : 10 x 0.32 = 0.064%). Therefore, the total

calcium content in the feed per 10 kg was 0.05 + 6.3

+ 0.064 = 6.414%. Calculation of calcium content in

the mixed feed consisting of 50% commercial feed

and 50% artificial feed was (calcium value of

commercial feed : 2) + (calcium value of artificial

feed : 2) = total calcium content (2 : 2) + (6.414 : 2)

DEJUNGKIL (Bran, Corn, Meal) as Nutritional Formula for Free-Range Chicken (Gallus Domesticus) Egg Production Increase

605

= 1 + 3.207 = 4.207%. The calcium content of

commercial feed was 2% per 10 kg.

Provision of commercial feed, DEJUNGKIL

feed, and combination of commercial and

DEJUNGKIL feed made no real difference to the

weight of free-range chicken. The nutritional needs

of 18-20-week old free-range chickens are 2400 kcal

of energy, 17% of protein, 1.00% of calcium, 0.40%

of phosphor, 0.21% of methionin, and 0.45% of

lysine (Nawawi and Nurrohmah, 2002). Protein is

the main component of poultry’s body tissue,

covering a range of 18-30% of the body. Each type

of poultry needs different level of protein, and even

those who belong to the same species have different

needs of protein. Chickens need approximately 16-

18% protein out of the feed’s total weight (Tillman

et al., 1991). Protein as a builder substance works to

fix tissue damage or shrinkage (perbaternak and

tissue maintenance) and in order to build new tissues

(growth and protein production), protein can be

catabolized into energy source or as substrate

constituent for carbohydrate and fat tissue. Protein is

also needed as constituent of hormones, enzymes

and other essential biological substances such as

antibody and hemoglobin (Scott et al., 1982).

Protein is acid-forming food. Hence, excessive

protein intake increases the body’s acidity level,

particularly in blood and tissues. This condition is

called acidosis, with indigestion as its early

symptom (Suprapto et al., 2005).

The protein content in commercial feed was 14%

per 10 kg. Protein content in DEJUNGKIL feed:

bran 11.9% (Hartadi et al.,1997), corn 9.5%

(Amrullah, 2003), and soyabean meal 43.8%

(National Research Council, 1994).

Calculation of protein content in DEJUNGKIL

feed consisting of bran, corn, and soya bean meal

with the ratio of 5 : 3 : 2 was bran (5 : 10 x 11.9 =

5.95%), corn (3 : 10 x 9.5 = 2.85%), and soya bean

meal (2 : 10 x 43.8 = 8.76%). Therefore, the total

protein content in DEJUNGKIL feed per 10 kg was

5.95 + 2.85 + 8.76 = 17.56%. Calculation of protein

content in the mixed feed consisting of 50%

commercial feed and 50% DEJUNGKIL feed was

(protein value of commercial feed : 2) + (protein

value of artificial feed : 2) = total protein content (14

: 2) + (17.56 : 2) = 7 + 8.78 = 15.78%.

Provision of commercial feed, DEJUNGKIL

feed, and a combination of commercial and

DEJUNGKIL feed were ineffective in increasing

free-range chickens’ weight due to the lack of real

distinction among treatments. It is because the free-

range chickens were not in their growth age and

their genetics had slower growth compared to that of

purebred or broiler chicken, which led to

unsatisfactory weight increase.

5 CONCLUSIONS

Chickens fed with DEJUNGKIL feed (bran, corn,

and meal) yields higher number of eggs in

production compared to chickens provided with

commercial feed and a combination of 50%

commercial feed and 50% DEJUNGKIL feed.

DEJUNGKIL feed (bran, corn, and meal) and a

combination of 50% commercial feed and 50%

DEJUNGKIL feed have no impact on free-range

chickens’ weight due to several factors such as age

and genetics.

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