Community Activities in The Environment Managing

A Case Stud

Sukunan Environmental Tourism Villa

Rusmawan Rusmawan, Elly Malihah, Enok Maryani and Nana Supriatna

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia

rusmawan2222@gmail.com, {ellyms, enok_maryani}@upi.edu, nanasup@yahoo.com

Keywords: Environment Managing, Community Activities.

Abstract: The environment problems are current issues in the world. This research aimed to analyze the problems of

environment and the finishing of the problems in Sukunan Environmental Tourism Village. The method of

this ressearch was case study. The data collected by observation, interview, and literature study. The result

of ressearch showed that the environment problems in Sukunan community are waste management system.

That problems finished by Sukunan community trough activities of restriction of waste dumps, reuse of

waste, and recycle. The results of research on environmental management by these communities have

implications (1) the government needs to facilitate the dissemination of ideas and facilitate the output of

environmental management activities, especially community based waste; and (2) the Sukunan community

needs to clarify the sustainability mechanism of community-based environmental management activities.

1 INTRODUCTION

Humans and the environment have dependent

relationships. This interdependence as proposed by

Soemarwoto (2007) that man as well as all living

things interact with his environment. Humans affect

the environment and human life is also influenced

by the environment. Hola (2010) explains that the

relationship between man and nature is important.

Humans can use natural resources but can also

damage them.

Environmental exploration by humans has long

been done. As Koc argues (2013) that "the

exploitation of the environment by humans has

exhibited differences throughout the recorded

history. In the hunting-gathering period, humans did

not have the sufficient intelligence and technology to

change natural environment. In this period, humans

were striving for gaining a familiarity with the

environment and they were leading lives totally

depend on the natural environment". The

environment has a carrying capacity that is the size

of the ability of an environment to support certain

populations of species to be able to live in that

environment. The maximum environmental

capability can be calculated by taking into account

the environmental capability of supporting the above

populations (Sumaatmadja, 1989). Environmental

imbalances in the form of drought, erosion,

landslides, contamination, is an expression of the

limitations of environmental carrying capacity as a

result of human behavior is not in line with the

carrying capacity of the environment concerned

(Sumaatmadja 1989). Ecological imbalances or

environmental imbalances that are primarily caused

by human actions that ignore ecological principles

and values, ultimately also befall and threaten

human life itself.

Salim (1981) states that there are three main

reasons why Indonesia feels the need to address

environmental issues. First, the realization that

Indonesia already faces serious environmental

problems. Second, the need to pass on to the next

generation of natural resources that can be processed

in a continuous process of long-term development.

And therd, want to build a complete Indonesian

man, not only advanced in the material and spiritual.

Thus, the anthropocentric perspective which sees

that human beings are centers that can exploit and

exploit the environment is no longer relevant

because humans are not merely controlling life on

earth. Supriatna (2016), explains that there needs to

be a change of way from anthropocentric to

ecocentric perspective that puts nature with all its

contents as center. Man is only part of nature and not

the only factor that determines continuity or

survival. In this perspective, man can not be

separated from the realm where he lives. This view

400

Rusmawan, R., Malihah, E., Maryani, E. and Supriatna, N.

Community Activities in The Environment Managing - The Case Study of Sukunan Environmental Tourism Village.

In Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities (ANCOSH 2018) - Revitalization of Local Wisdom in Global and Competitive Era, pages 400-405

ISBN: 978-989-758-343-8

is also in accordance with Capra's opinion (2002),

which reveals that the need for a paradigm shift from

a mechanistic worldview to a holistic view in which

the world is viewed as a whole and ecologically

recognizes the fundamental interdependence of all

phenomena on earth.

The community has an important role in

environmental management. In enforcing the

environment, community participation can be done

in various forms such as decision making, program

implementation, advocacy or environmental

advocacy. Community participation in decision

making is a form of democratizing decision-making

in which there is access or participation of the

people. Community participation in the

implementation of the program is the realization of

community awareness in environmental

enforcement. While the participation of the

community in the defense or advocacy in the event

of pollution or destruction of the environment is an

attempt to claim the rights of the community that has

been violated or destroyed.

Environmental management relates to the

ecological literate. This is as proposed by Karatekin

(2013) that "in order for an individual to be

knowledgeable of environment and environmental

problems." However, according to McBeth and Volk

(2010) components of ecological knowledge

important but environmental behavior can be formed

through daily interaction with the environment.

In Indonesia, the role of society in managing the

environment has been regulated in Law number 23

of 1997 (UU/23/1997) on Environmental

Management. In the Article 7, fisrt paragraph stated

that the community has the same opportunity and as

much as possible to play a role in environmental

management. Furthermore, in paragraph 2, it is

explained further about the provisions of the

implementation of the role of the community in

managing the environment as follows: (1) increasing

independence, community empowerment, and

partnership; (2) cultivate community capability and

pioneering; (3) cultivate the public's ability to

exercise social oversight; (4) provide opinion

advice; and (5) submit information and / or submit

reports.

One of form community-based environmental

management can be seen in Sukunan Environmental

Tourism Village. Sukunan Enviromental Tourism

Village is located in Sukunan, Banyuraden Village,

Gamping District, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta.

Sukunan became an eco-tourism based village

because the Sukunan Village community runs the

waste processing process independently at the

household level up to the group level. This activity

also produces a variety of processed waste products

that have more value such as various handicraft

products from plastic waste, handicrafts from

patchwork and compost from organic waste.

This study aimed to explain: (1) environmental

problems faced by Sukunan community, and (2)

Sukunan community activities in managing the

environment.

2 METHOD

The method of this ressearch was qualitative with

case study. Ressearch location was Sukunan

Environmental Tourism Village. The subject of this

ressearch was Sukunan community in managing the

enviroment. The data collected by observation, dept

interview, and checking the document. The data

validity used triagualtion.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Environmental Issues in Sukunan

Sukunan is one of village in Gamping District,

Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region

Province. It located at west side of Yogyakarta City.

The result of ressearch showed that the

environmental problem faced by the Sukunan

community is a matter of waste management.

Environmental problems faced by the Sukunan

community is a matter of waste management, both

organic and inorganic waste. This problem began to

be felt since the beginning of 2000. Along with the

expansion of the city of Yogyakarta, the growing

population and the entry of immigrants to the

Sukunan village.

The first problem, the entry of garbage into the

rice fields. Farmers in Sukunan complain about the

increasing amount of garbage entering the rice

fields. The waste includes plastic, glass and cans.

The impact of garbage entry into the rice field area

includes the destruction of rice, rice roots are

blocked by plastic, soil fertility decreases, and yield

decreases. In addition, broken glass that enter the

rice fields often result in injuries for farmers when

working the fields.

The second problem, the more limited land to

dispose of waste. The Sukunan people are getting

better from both inside and out. As a result Sukunan

area increasingly dense with housing so that the yard

Community Activities in The Environment Managing - The Case Study of Sukunan Environmental Tourism Village

401

land becomes narrow. The impact of waste

generated by the population more and more, while

the land that can usually be used to dispose of waste

is reduced. This causes the suspicion in placing

garbage because there is no garbage service from the

Government and private. Finally, people throw their

garbage on empty land owned by others, on the side

of roads, irrigation channels and rivers.

The third problem is the inappropriate culture of

waste management. The habit of burning garbage

freely is already entrenched in the community. The

Sukunan community has not realized that the current

waste tends to be dominated by synthetic chemical

waste such as plastic, rubber, styrofoam, metal, and

glass. If the waste is burned it will release toxic

gases that can endanger the health of the people who

inhale and exacerbate the quality of the air

environment. Disposable synthetic chemical wastes

are selected for practical reasons. People are

reluctant to use and use it again even though it can

still be used over and over again. People tend not to

bother to take care of him. These habits have started

to develop in society. In addition to waste, of course,

it has an impact on the swelling of waste production.

Fourth problem, lack of understanding about the

concept of reuse, reduse, and recycle. The concept of

reuse is to reuse used goods that can still be used,

reduce is trying to reduce waste, while recycle is to

recycle garbage to be utilized. The low of

community understanding of reuse, reduse, and

recycle result in the abundance of waste production

generated by the community. Wild final dumps are

popping up and mushrooming everywhere. People

generally assume that all the waste is useless, dirty

and disgusting, so it must be removed from the eye.

Many people then throw garbage away from

settlements, sweep away the river, bury it in the

ground and burn it. Garbage handling by the

Government in general is still consumptive oriented.

In addition, waste handling is still limited to moving

waste to other places. Whereas the presence of waste

in landfills more often cause problems for the

surrounding community and pollute the

environment.

From the above description it can be concluded

that the environmental problems faced by the

Sukunan community are the garbage problems that

include the entry of garbage into the rice fields, the

limited land to dispose of garbage, lack of proper

waste management, and the lack of public

understanding about the concept of reuse, reduse,

and recycle in waste management.

3.2 The Problems Solving of

Environmental Issues

The result of ressearch showed that the

environmental issues in Sukunan, encouraging

Sukunan people to find ways to manage waste.

Beginning by Iswanto, one of the new comer

residents in Sukunan, who mobilized the right waste

management system. Iswanto believes that waste

management can be considered appropriate if: 1) can

be done by the community itself, 2) can provide real

benefits for the community (productive), 3) can

solve all waste (comprehensive), and 4) not pollute

the environment environmentally friendly).

Pandagan is then disseminated to Sukunan residents.

The Sukunan community began to solve the

problem of natural organic waste in 2002. Problem

solving was done through simple composting

experiments at the household level. Through the

experiment found a composting model using a

ground barrel. The experimental results show that

the barrel with volume of ± 100 liter can

accommodate organic waste generated from family

with 4 person family member for 3 months. While

the composting process naturally lasts between 2 - 3

months. Thus to solve organic waste in each

household need to provide 2 pieces of barrel. Each

barrel can accommodate garbage for 2 - 3 months

and is used interchangeably.

Inorganic garbage problem settlement began in

2003. Problem solving begins with field study to

temporary waste collection at Kwarasan,

Tambakboyo and North Square, and to final

settlement in Piyungan. And then interview with

waste pickers and collectors. The result of field

studies and interviews found that almost all waste

can be utilized or economic value after the sorting.

Means if the garbage is removed from the

household, then the resulting no longer in the form

of garbage again, but in the form of goods of

economic value. If the garbage generated from each

household is then collected and sold, then the

proceeds from the sale of the waste can be used to

pay the operational costs.

Sukunan waste management system

The waste management system conducted by

Sukunan community includes: 1) after being

separated according to its type, it turns out that

almost all waste can be sold; 2) to reduce the

operational costs of transporting and sorting then the

separation of waste should be done at the source of

the household; 3) organic garbage that is easily

decayed, it must be overcome and processed until it

becomes compost in each household; 4) the

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operational cost of waste management can be

fulfilled from the sale of waste and waste recycling

products; 5) profits on waste sales after deducting

operating costs can be incorporated into the village

treasury for development and development funds.

Figure 1: The Proccess of Waste Separating in Sukunan.

In general, the Sukunan self management waste

management system includes the following

activities: 1) each household segregates the waste

according to its type. Inorganic waste is inserted into

the bag, while organic waste is put into the compost

bin; 2) after the bag is used to hold the full inorganic

waste, then each household brings and puts the

waste into the nearest waste drum according to its

type; 3) after the full garbage can be picked up and

transported to the village waste bin (TPS) by the

Officer; 4) after entering the TPS, more specific

sorting is done and followed by packing then sold to

the Trash Collector; 5) the proceeds of waste sales

for operational costs and the rest in the village cash;

6) especially for organic waste, after producing

compost in the house each partially packed and sold

and partly used alone for greening the home and

village environment. While inorganic waste is

recycled into handicrafts. The handicrafts can be

used alone or sold.

The results of the implementation of the self-

managed waste management system since 2004 in

Sukunan include: 1) growing awareness, willingness

and ability of communities to manage waste at the

household level; 2) improved hygiene and

environmental health; 3) the results of waste sales

and recyclables can cover the operational costs of

waste management; 4) waste management activities

can absorb labor as a carrier, recycle bag craftsman,

composting maker, buying and selling garbage and

garbage facility maker; 5) many people who come to

learn waste management include from outside

province.

3.3 Discussion

The increasing number of Sukunan people causes

the increasing need for shelter. This is consistent

with the view of Koc (2013) which explains that

along with rising humanitarian standards

environmental issues are also increasing. Humans

not only develop science and knowledge but also

produce additional environmental problems.

Whereas according to Brody, et al (2014) that

literacy about a healthy environment fosters a

healthy life as well.

The result of the research shows that Sukunan

people are aware of environmental problems

indicates that Sukunan people have environmental

literate. McBert & Volk (2010) argued that

environmental literate have some components:

ecological knowledge; ecological attitudes

(including environmental verbal commitment,

environmental sensitivity, and general attitude to the

environment; cognitive skills include issues of

identification, issue analysis, action plans; and

environmental behavior includes actual

commitment.

Environmental utilization activities should

consider the sustainable development paradigm. The

World Commission on Environment and

Development (1987), defines sustainable

development as 'Sustainable development is a

process to meet the needs of the present generation

of meetings'. This means that sustainable

development is a process to meet current needs

without compromising the ability of future

generations to meet their own needs. Keraf (2010)

describes the paradigm of ecological sustainability.

Communities participate in preserving the ecology

and socio-culture of society to ensure the quality of

life of a better society is needed to support human

survival in the future.

In the context of community rights in

environmental management, the United Nations

established an International Convention in Aarhus,

Denmark on 25 June 1998 signed by 39 European

countries and communities by producing The

Aarhus Convention which contains three pillars

which guarantees the rights of the people in the

framework of sustainable and environmentally

sustainable development that is: access to

information, participation in decision making, and

access to justice enforcement (UNEC for UEROPE,

2014). Based on UNEC for UEROPE, the

Community Activities in The Environment Managing - The Case Study of Sukunan Environmental Tourism Village

403

participation of Sukunan community in decision

making, visible from appears in the right of the

public to participate in the practice of community

participation in environmental management. The

participation of Sukunan community in managing

the environment is a central part in the existence of

Sukunan as an eco-tourism village. The community

participates in the process of decision-making,

implementation, monitoring, monitoring, evaluation.

What the Sukunan people do as Cutter, Renwich

& Renwich (1991) views that an ecosystem is a

system of goods and energy exchanging between

ecosystems and the wider environment. Therefore,

because the environment is very important for

human beings, then humans must preserve it and use

it wisely.

Environmental literate can empower a person or

group in dealing with environmental issues as Pe'er,

Goldman, & Yavetz (2007) notes that "one purpose

in developing environmental literacy is to empower

people with a belief in their ability to contribute to

environmental solutions through personal behavior ,

either as an individual or part of a group”. Roth

(1991) in Wright (2008) states that ecoliteracy is

assessed from three continuum stages that include

nominal, functional, and operational. The Sukunan

community in this regard has reached the stage of

operational ecoliteracy. Someone in the operational

stage has a comprehensive understanding of building

based on environmental knowledge and concerns

that help them use questions, analysis, deduction,

logic, and objectivity to better understand and seek

environmental issues.

This stage of environmental literate is

demonstrated by the application of 3R concept, ie

reuse, reduce and recycle Sukunan community in

managing environment especially garbage problem.

The concept of reuse appears in the reuse of used

goods that can still be used. The concept appears in

the use of organic waste into compost, whereas the

concept of recycle appears in the recycling activities

of inorganic waste into various handicraft items.

4 CONCLUSIONS

This ressearch can be concleded that the

environment issues in Sukunan community were

waste management system. The problems solved by

Sukunan community trough activities of restriction

of waste dumps, reuse of waste, and recycle. In

Sukunan, waste management can be assessed

appropriately if: can be done by the community

itself (self-supporting); can provide real benefits

for the community (productive); can solve all the

waste (comprehensive), and not pollute the

environment (environmentally friendly). The results

of research on environmental management by these

communities have implications (1) the government

needs to facilitate the dissemination of ideas and

facilitate the output of environmental management

activities, especially community based waste; and

(2) the Sukunan community needs to clarify the

sustainability mechanism of community-based

environmental management activities.

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