Role of Parents, Schools, and Society in Building a Civic Society at
SMA Negeri in Kupang
Efraim Semuel Nalle, Andy Nabu Sogen, and Lenny Magdalena Tamunu
Universitas Nusa Cendana, Jl. Adisucipto, Penfui, Kupang, NTT, Indonesia
Keywords: Role of Parents, Role of Schools, Role of Society, Civil Society.
Abstract: This research is motivated by the increasing number of deviations in society that directly or indirectly affect
the characteristics of society. Therefore, it is necessary to study the civic society as a benchmark in building
society. Qualitative research with phenomenology and culture method was done in State Senior High School
of Kupang. Data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and documentation. Data was
obtained from informant, then processed and analyzed by using interactive model analysis. The results of
this study conclude that the unformed of citizenship community in Kupang can be seen from: 1) The less
optimal role of parents in building Civil Society, 2) Schools embed well the concept of society in learners
but need strengthening the students' character, 3) Civil Society concept in social life is not well
implemented, 4) Obstacles resulted the absence of good civil society include: the lack of character
education, the nature of community dependence is so high to the government, the lack of facilities in the
development of children in schools, the lack of political education and political communication, and the
practice of nepotism and interests in the exercise of social justice.
1 INTRODUCTION
Civil Society is essentially a concept of the existence
of an independent society and within certain limits
capable of self-promotion and tends to restrict state
interference into the reality created as a space of
activity (Rashit in Sujatmiko 2001; 40).
Some studies have something similar like this
research, that is Samsuri (2010) in his dissertation
entitled "Civil Society Transformation of Ideas
through Citizenship Reformation in Indonesia
(Study of Citizenship Policy Development at the
Elementary and Secondary Education in Reform
Era)". Mayasari (2013) in a journal entitled "The
Relationship between Democratic Parenting Patterns
and Teens' Morality" shows that there is a negative
relationship between parenting democratic pattern
and adolescent morality. Sontani (2012), The Study
of the Roles of Parents Instilling Family with Moral
Values on Pertiwi Kindergarten of Kupang in
Kelurahan Naikolan Kota Kupang, states that the
roles of parents to instill moral values on the family
in Kupang city has not been arranged or
accommodated well from the religious, social,
economic, exemplary aspect and fundamental aspect
of Pancasila. Suroto (2015), The Concept of
Indonesia Civil Society in the Postmodern Period (A
Critical Analysis) shows that, first, the Indonesian
people have different characteristics from other
countries; Second some problems have potency to
obstruct as well as challenge the actualization of
Indonesian civil society. Westergard (2013), Teacher
Competencies and Parental Cooperation, states the
need of competence development activities at
various levels in schools. First, principals play
important roles in this process by building collective
competencies at the school level. Second, there
should be cooperation between parents and teachers.
Salamor (2010), the roles of family and School in
the Implementation of Values Education to Establish
Children Characteristics, shows that the roles of
family ang school in the education of values for the
character formation of children is very necessary.
From the above research and scientific works,
there is a discussion of civil society transformation
through citizenship reformation in Indonesia but
focusing only on the development of citizenship
policies, some are discussing the roles of family and
school but focusing only on values education to
characterize children. And there is also a discussion
about parent roles in inculcating moral values in the
family. Therefore, the roles of parents and schools in
10
Nalle, E., Sogen, A. and Tamunu, L.
Role of Parents, Schools, and Society in Building a Civic Society at SMA Negeri in Kupang.
In Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities (ANCOSH 2018) - Revitalization of Local Wisdom in Global and Competitive Era, pages 10-17
ISBN: 978-989-758-343-8
Copyright © 2018 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved

building civil society are the objects obeserved in
this study.
Building a civil society is not easy, it needs
elements that are prerequisites for the realization of
it. The fundamental elements that must be possessed,
which include free public space, democracy,
tolerance, pluralism, and social justice. The
establishment of these elements requires a good
educational environment.
Indonesia is a democracy state with its plural
society, in terms of belief, culture and language.
From this diversity Indonesia has a strong tradition
in civil society long before this country stands. It can
be seen from the gait of various religious social
organizations as well as national movements in the
struggle for independence and in the national
principles of Indonesia, namely Pancasila as well as
in the motto of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (Unity in
Diversity) that unites a so pluralistic society into one
Indonesia. But now, the quality of Indonesia civil
society is declining, it can be seen from Indonesia
Democratic Index (IDI) 2015 announced by the
Central Bureau of Statistics. For national level with
scale 0-100, IDI 2015 was at 72.82. This figure
shows a decline compared to IDI 2014 which
reached 73.04.
The waning of the concept of civil society in
Indonesia can be seen from the tendency of
strengthening the pressure to adopt religious
institution fatwas as a benchmark for the validity of
national behavior. This phenomenon is not only
found in ordinary people, but also among educated
people. Although it is not legally binding, in many
cases the fatwa is capable of holding state logic as in
the case of prohibiting pluralism, Shi'ism and
Ahmadiyya which become the basis of nation deed.
It would be different if a fatwa is made for one of
the policy considerations (Haq; 2013; 2).
AF research at four State Senior High Schools in
four districts in 2011 found that the culture of
citizenship did not flow in educational institutions.
Religiosity education had not yet fully entered the
spaces of convergence of civic values with religious
values based on tolerance and pluralism. Civic
education had not succeeded in transforming the
principle of civil society into the student's cognitive
and conative sphere (AF .2011; 74).
In addition, the concept of civil society in the
region such as Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT), also
decreased, it can be seen from the Indonesia
Democracy Index of 2014 which is only 68.81
compared to IDI 2013 of 73.29. The decline of this
NTT IDI can be illustrated in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Development of NTT IDI Variable Index, 2013-2014.
Figure 1 shows right to vote and be voted
variables were increasing from 50.26 in 2013 to
73.75 in 2014.
Particularly in Kupang City, civil society is not a
new concept, because the conversation about the
civil society is so popular, begun from a national
seminar with a civil society theme, defined as
"citizen community or citizenship", organized by the
Association of Indonesian Political Science (AIPI) at
Kupang in 1995. But the concept of civil society is
less well-growing; this can be seen from the sense of
individualists which are symptomatic among the
citizens of Kupang City. With a reason "time is
money" the building of awareness among Kupang
Freedom of assembly and
association
Freedom of speech
Freedom of belief
Freedom from
discrimination
Right to vote and
to be elected
The role of an
independent judiciary
The role of local
government bureaucracy
The role of political
parties
The role of DPRD
Free and fair elections
Political participation
in decision-making
Role of Parents, Schools, and Society in Building a Civic Society at SMA Negeri in Kupang
11

City citizens as "Kota Kasih" seems so expensive to
do (Raharjo, 2006; 1).
The above problems are complex civil society
issues that need solutions to create an independent
society and within certain limits capable of self-
promotion and tend to restrict state interference into
the reality that has been created as a space for its
activities.
The researcher focus on the roles of parents,
school and society. This study aims To find out how
the roles of parents in the formation of civil society,
to know how school learning contribute to the
quality improvement of civil society, knowing how
society performs its roles to support the formation of
civil society, analysis of constraints faced by
parents, schools and society in forming civil society.
2 ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK AND
RESEARCH METHODS
The Citizenship Society or Civil Society is
essentially a concept of the existence of an
independent society and within certain limits
capable of promoting itself and tending to restrict
state interference into the reality that has been
created as a space of activity (Rashit in Sujatmiko,
2001; 40). The components or factors which become
the prerequisite for the realization of this society,
according to Eisenstadt (in Gafar 2006, 180) include
autonomy, Public Access to State institutions,
Autonomous Public Arena, and Public Open Arena.
Besides, the characteristic of civil society can also
be noted from some basic elements (Ubaedillah and
Rozak, 2010: 185), namely Free Public Area in the
sense of free public space as a means to express the
opinion of the people; Democracy which means a
social politics order that is sourced and conducted
by, from, and for citizens; Tolerance with the
maxims of mutual respect and ability to
accommodate differences; Pluralism means the true
linkage of diversity in the bonds of Civilization and
Social Justice in the sense of a balance and a
proportionate share of rights and duties for every
citizen covering all aspects of life: economics,
politics, knowledge, and opportunity.
Embodying the above Characteristics or
elements, the participations of various parties,
including parents, schools, and society are
necessary. Parents' roles include Faith, Moral,
Physical, Intellectual, Psychic, Social and Sexual
Education (Abdullah Nasih Ulwan in Hadzuka,
2014; 2). The roles of the school include developing
intelligence, providing knowledge, specialization,
efficiency, socialization, conservation, culture
transmission and skill enrichment (Suwarno in
Hayati 2013). The roles of society are giving
education to the society, both curricular and non-
curricular education and professional development,
improving society welfare, developing talents and
interests and instilling and improving the moral and
spiritual values of the society (Ihsan, 2010). If the
roles can be properly implemented it is not
impossible to create a civil society.
To Analyze the above issues, this research using
qualitative approach with phenomenology and
culture method, in which researcher wants to see
how parents and schools transform their cultural
values to their children and how society develops
society itself. The research was conducted at SMA
Negeri in Kupang. Subjects interviewed included
selected students’ parents based on level of
education, students' achievement, student
delinquency, school principal, deputy head of the
curriculum section, PPKn teachers, religious
teachers, scouting counselors, religious leaders and
Rukun Warga (RW). Techniques of collecting data
are observation, interview, and documentation which
tested its validity with source triangulation method.
The data obtained were further processed and
analyzed using interactive model analysis.
3 DISCUSSION
3.1 The Roles of Parents in Building
Civil Society
Civil society is a society that cannot be created
instantly, people who have the characteristics such
as autonomous/ free public territory, democratic,
tolerant, pluralism and social justice (Ubaedillah and
Rozak.2010: 128) can then be categorized as a Civil
Society. It takes the roles of various parties to build.
To achieve those criteria, Adi Suryadi Culla
(Hadzuka 2014) concretely defines civil society as
various networks and social groupings covering
household or family.
From the statement above, parents as one of the
elements forming civil society, has been running its
roles by forming children's spirituality and morality
characters, which includes preaching to God
Almighty, honesty, discipline, politeness, and
responsibility. Almost all of them have been well
taught by parents, although there are some other
things like honesty and discipline that need to be
strengthened. In building a civil society, forming
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12

spiritual and moral character of the children are not
enough, it requires the basic elements that must be
met to form the characteristics of civic society which
include autonomy, democracy, tolerance, pluralism
and social justice (Ubaedillah and Rozak, 2010: 128)
which comprehensively can be described as follows:
First in terms of autonomy; autonomy itself
means a self-reliant society where they have the
same position to perform social and political
transactions. Related to this issue, parents have
played their part by teaching their children to be
independent either intentionally or unintentionally,
such as doing house works that include cooking,
washing, sweeping, ironing, and doing school
works. On the other hand, children are now very
communicative and daring to appear publicly.
However, those are not enough to build a civil
society. Parents often forget that children are not
always dependent on them, they should teach how
children can be financially independent, does not
mean to teach children to do business but to
inculcate entrepreneurial spirit from an early age.
Second, democracy, it embraces the concept of,
by and for the people. In terms of the parents' roles
in building democracy many parents are adherents of
parents, by parents and for children. Parents do not
provide opportunities for children to express their
opinions, what they want and what they need.
Parents are more authoritarian in taking family
decisions. In the concept of building a democratic
society, parents should be able to provide their
children opportunities and support, adopt the
concepts of children, by children and for children.
Third, tolerance, the concept of tolerance is how
in society there is mutual respect and appreciation.
The role of the parents in this section has been well
executed. It is demonstrated by the recognition of
parents, who say that they teach how to respect and
honor those who are different in religion, ethnic and
race. This teaching is well received by their children,
their children congratulate their friends during their
respective religious festivals is the evidence.
Fourth, pluralism, the concept of pluralism is
about difference that has good manners. The roles of
parents in this part have been well implemented,
because parents are aware that in this life everyone
has differences, in terms of ethnic, religion, and
race. Parents always teach their children to always
appreciate and respect people, they teach how to
speak to older people, how to be polite, and how to
appreciate and respect the beliefs of others.
Fifth, Social Justice, this concept means that
rights and obligations must be shared in a
proportionate balance. The role of parents in this
case has been done as the recognition of parents who
say that they do not distinguish between adopted
children and biological children; they also always
give the same pocket money to all children, if they
buy clothes then they will buy it to all the children
and if there is a cake or food should be shared
equally. But the practice of justice here is not
proportional; parents are more adheres to the
concept of commutative justice where something is
considered fair if divided equally. This is what
makes the sense of justice in children is just as equal
in sense and proportion.
From the description of the basic elements of the
establishment of civil society characteristics above,
it can be noticed that parents have been well
educated in tolerance and pluralism, but they have
not been able to educate children for autonomy,
democracy and social justice. This is confirmed by
the results of Mayasari Feri's research (2013: 267)
which showed that there was a negative relationship
between parents' democratic parenting and
adolescent morality; and Sontani's research (2012)
which states the role of parents in instilling moral
values in the family has not been arranged or
accommodated well from the economic, exemplary
and the foundations of Pancasila aspects. Also
because parents have limited relationships with the
children space because they are too busy to earn
money to secure the future of their children (Gaurav
Sachar, 2015, 50).
3.2 The Roles of School in Improving the
Quality of Civil Society
Just as parents, school also has important roles in
building a civil society. School is the second place
after parents in educating children.
To support the building of civil society
characteristics based on the roles of school which
include developing mind intelligence and providing
knowledge, specialization, efficiency, socialization
and conservation as well as transcription of Culture,
Cultivation of Skills (Suwarno in Hayati 2013: 161),
school have instilled spiritual attitudes and social
attitudes . According to the interviews, observations
and documentations, character education in this
school has not been run maximally and there are
teachers who do not want to record bad behavior of
the students, so their characters are less
strengthening. Those spiritual attitudes and social
attitudes include:
Role of Parents, Schools, and Society in Building a Civic Society at SMA Negeri in Kupang
13

3.2.1 Be cautious of God Almighty
In this case the school has been trying to instill this
value in accordance with the vision, mission and
objectives of the school through the subjects of
Religious Education, PPKn, and Faith Coaching
conducted every Saturday. This education needs to
be sharpened because based on the observations; it is
found that almost half of the students, while praying
they do not implement it solemnly.
3.2.2 Be Honest
In terms of honesty, school has taught it well, but
there are still shortcomings in the honesty in doing
the task or exam, based on observations some
students were cheating during tasks or exams.
3.2.3 Be Discipline
Discipline is very important to success. The school
has been trying to instill this discipline, but based on
the results of interviews, discipline in this school has
decreased in its quality and necessary to have
reinforcement of rules; it can be seen from the
admission of informant which claims that students
were often late for school or entered the class at the
break. This issue is also supported by the results of
the observation that finds the students are less
disciplined in terms of on time returning; and it is
also reinforced by the documentation that shows
most of the violations made by students were being
absent, not doing assignments and skipping.
3.2.4 Be Responsible
In this case, the school has tried to instill it well, it
can be seen from the informant's acknowledgment
stating that students were responsible for the task
assigned to them but some were not. Moreover, the
results of observations and documentations inform
that the students were still less responsible, this can
be seen from their intensity to avoid obligations and
tasks given.
From the characteristics have been taught above,
building a civil society means not merely instilling
students' spiritual and moral character, but it requires
some basic elements that must be met to form the
characteristics of civil society, which includes
Autonomy, Democracy, tolerance, pluralism and
social justice (Ubaedillah and Rozak . 2010: 128)
which comprehensively are described as follows:
3.2.5 Autonomy
Autonomy means people can be independent and
have the same position in conducting social and
political transactions. In this case, the school has
done well in planting this to its students, which can
be seen from the observations showing that students
choose independent and communicative
characteristic. This is also supported by interview
results stating that they educate the students to have
soft skills by familiarizing them in front of the class,
and educating them to become leaders.
3.2.6 Democracy
In terms of democracy, this school has built up well
as seen from the practice of democracy such as the
determination of the board of student organization of
the school (OSIS) done by way of deliberation and
election. Also in decision-making meetings or
determination of school finance through deliberation
and in the implementation of the school is very
transparent. In addition, schools should instill a
sense of democracy in the classroom because the
result of the observation found that nearly 40% of
students confessed that the decision-making in the
class was not through the process of deliberation and
agreement.
3.2.7 Tolerance
Tolerance at school has been well done. This can be
seen from the results of interviews that demonstrate
the efforts of schools to instill characteristics of
appreciation and respect other, the school also
always celebrates religious feast with the
cooperation of all parties and provides a place for
every religion in worshiping. This is also supported
by the observation results that states so.
3.2.8 Pluralism
The sense of pluralism in this school is very high.
This is seen from students coming from many
different backgrounds, including religion, ethnicity
and race. From those many differences, the school
has cultivated good manners. It can be viewed from
the results of interviews and observations showing
that the school community has built relationship,
harmony, cooperation, and helping others well.
3.2.9 Social Justice
In terms of building justice, the school has done
well, it can be seen from the results of interviews
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14

stating that in the assessment, the teachers provide
fair values to the students, the school also provides
assistance to students with special needs and to
students whose parents are not able to provide half
pay tuition policy. The school committees and
schools are also trying to provide scholarships to
them. But there are couples of informants who say
there is an injustice that occurs in schools in the
form of division of tasks. There is a differentiation
of task depend on the financial strength of the
students' parents.
From the description of the essential elements of
the formation of the characteristics of the civil
society above, the school has educated and practiced
well so that students have autonomous, democratic,
tolerance, plurality and social justice characters.
However, the school needs to affirm in terms of
spiritual and moral education, such as cautious to
God Almighty, discipline, honest and responsible. In
line with the insufficient of character education in
SMS Negeri in Kupang, AF states Religiosity
education has not fully reach out into the
convergence spaces of civic values with religious
values based on tolerance and pluralism. Citizenship
education has not succeeded in transforming the
principles of citizenship into the student's cognitive
and conative sphere (AF. 2011.74).
3.3 The Roles of Communities in
Supporting the Establishment of
Civil Society
The establishment of civil society based on the role
of the society, which includes Providing education,
Improving society welfare, Developing talents and
interests and Inculcating and improving the moral
and spiritual values of society members (Ihsan 2011.
59), begins with the cultivation of moral values and
spiritual values by religious teachings, Sunday
school conducted on Sunday and Wednesday;
catechism teachings, strengthening of faith and
morals are also echoed in worshipping sessions.
Spiritual and moral values of the society,
according to most of the society leaders, are good,
but in some parts need special attention; as there are
often riots among the members of society and they
like to drink liquor a lot, there are also some society
leaders who says that spiritual and moral values
have become something unimportant in their life.
The establishment/ cultivation of the spiritual
and moral values of society members is the first step
in building a civil society. Furthermore, the basic
elements that must be met to form the characteristics
of civil society which includes Autonomy,
Democracy, tolerance, pluralism and social justice
(Ubaedillah and Rozak, 2010: 128) which can be
comprehensively described as follows:
3.3.1 Autonomy
Autonomy means people can be independent and
have the same position in conducting social and
political transactions. In the implementation, society
leaders have facilitated them to be independent in
terms of social and political transactions by
providing support in the form of facilities and
assistance, such as stalls of selling, business capital,
working facilities such as boats completed with
fishing equipment; in the field of politics, society
leaders provide reinforcement for people are willing
to participate freely in politics in the form of
registering the public, giving the widest opportunity
to the public to argue freely. However, the
establishment of autonomous society is not fully
actualized. The reason behind this is because there
are some people who get support do not take care of
the facilities they got, if the equipment is broken
they directly sell it; people tends to be ignorance in
politics. This happens because they think life from
the past until now remains the same.
3.3.2 Democracy
Democracy is also taught to the society, how to
appreciate the differences in democracy, to choose
what kind of leaders. Furthermore, the society
leaders also try to invite the society to use their
suffrage. According to them democracy in Kupang
City is still 40% running, the democracy sticker is
already there but the sticker is attached to the wrong
body, this is due to insufficient of political education
from the political parties, if any, it is limited only on
the regeneration in preparation for the election.
Political communication is also still lacking because
it is done only at the time of the election. Multiple
ID cards, dead and underage voters, and
opportunistic attitudes make the leaders do not want
to hear/ see their mistakes submitted by the society
members.
3.3.3 Tolerance
In term of level of Tolerance in society, more than
half of the public figures say good, this can be seen
from the existence of the pulpit exchange between
the Catholic church and the Protestant church, the
cooperation between Christians and Moslems in
maintaining security during religious festivals, their
Role of Parents, Schools, and Society in Building a Civic Society at SMA Negeri in Kupang
15

principle is "your religion is for you, for me is my
own", the cooperation between citizens to help
people who get calamities such as death, by
neglecting their ethnic, religion and race.
There are some public figures say that this
tolerance is just camouflage, people just do not want
to make a riot, so they choose to be silence and do
nothing but in their heart there is still dislike feeling.
3.3.4 Pluralism
This concept of pluralism is about the difference that
has the goodness of manners. In the city of Kupang,
diversity is huge, encompassing religious, ethnic and
racial diversity. Although the diversity is great,
according to society leaders they always build good
manners to the society members to always respect
each other.
3.3.5 Social justice
Social justice is important, because with good social
justice, then the welfare of society will be
guaranteed. In terms of people's welfare, society
leaders such as RWs help by registering poor people
and make proposals to the government so that they
can be assisted, as the results, according to the RW,
they received many assistances such as raskin, cash
transfers, community economic empowerment funds
(PEM), scholarships, and home surgery. In the
coastal areas, people get assistance in the form of
cooperative shop, stalls of selling, and ships and
fishing equipment.
On the other hand, in improving the welfare, the
religious leaders through their places of worship,
give zakat to the poor people per year, give the
congregation development fund in the form of
interest-free loans to the sellers of vegetables,
deaconesses to widows, widowers and orphans, in
practice become a problem in term of social justice
according to some society leaders. It can be seen that
there is still collusion and nepotism practice.
From the description of the basic elements of the
formation of civil society characteristics above, it
can be seen that the society has invested tolerance
and pluralism well but the main elements of
autonomy, democracy and social justice have not
been implemented properly so that the development
of civil society is not complete yet. This is also
supported by Suroto (2015, 664) who states, Firstly.
Characteristics of Indonesian society include: (1)
Pluralistic / diversity, (2) mutual understanding
between fellow members of society, (3) high
tolerance and (4) have moral sanctions. Second. The
obstacles as well as challenges in realizing
Indonesia's civil society model are: (a) the
development of "the poor" and people judge
themselves as the poor, (b) NGOs and political
parties appear like mushrooms growing in the rainy
season, allowing various "unclearities" c) the press is
growing rapidly and increasingly sophisticated but
rather the "pessimism" of society happening, (d) the
intellectuals are increasing but tend to be power
oriented , (e) lack of confident to compete and
always feel inferior. This is strengthened by the
results of Fajar's research (2010: 1) which states the
implementation of the role of political parties is not
accompanied by the implementation of political
party function as a good Instrument of Political
Education.
3.4 Constraints in Building a Civil
Society
Building a civil society is not easy, it can be seen
from the various obstacles faced by parents, schools
and society to build it. These constraints can be seen
as follows: a) Unmaximized Character education
implementation by schools leads to the creation of
children who are less pious to the God Almighty,
dishonest, undisciplined, and irresponsible and love
peace. b) Parents do not educate children to be
financially independent so that in future the children
will tend to depend on the state. c) Lack of facilities
support from schools interfere the development of
children. d) There are still people who think
that the current tolerance is camouflage tolerance.
Lack of habitation to the children to perform
consensus deliberation. Lack of public political
communication and education. g) Parents tend to
teach commutative justice to children. h) The
existence of nepotism practices and interests in the
implementation of social justice.
Associated with obstacles above, AS. Hikam (in
Ubaedillah and Rozak, 2010) states, the
characteristics of Civil Society in Indonesia is still
very dependent on the state so it is always in a
subordinate position, especially for those who are in
the lower social strata.
The next obstacle is seen from the Indonesian
society which is very pluralistic or more properly
called society with a very high level of social
fragmentation, whether it comes from economic
problems, socio-cultural, ethnicity, and politics.
They are all things that hinder the growth and
development of civil society, or at least slow down
its development (Gafar 2006, 187).
ANCOSH 2018 - Annual Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities
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4 CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the study, it is concluded
that, parents have not run its roles optimally, seen it
from the basic elements of civil society formation.
Indeed, in the criteria of tolerance and pluralism
have been taught well but the criteria of democracy
are not taught well which results the absence of
optimal civil society, parents still tend to use the
concept of parents, by parents and for children. In
terms of autonomy and social justice, parents
partially teach the children about them, it is seen in
terms of justice they use more commutative justice
than distributive justice; and for autonomy, parents
have not taught their children to be financially
independent. Unlike the parents, the schools have
performed its roles well in building a civil society, it
is seen from the basic elements of civil society
formation. Schools only need to optimize in
instilling character education in the form of cautious
to God, honest, discipline and responsible.
Associated with parents and schools, the roles of
society in building civil society are still lacking.
Indeed, in terms of tolerance and pluralism is very
good. The lack of civil society establishment is due
to Autonomy, Democracy and social justice are not
working properly. This is caused by the lack of self-
sufficiency of the society in the self-development
results so much depends on the government's
assistance; the lack of political communication and
education; and many practices of nepotism and
interest in society. The lack of good civil society
establishment due to constraints, such as inadequate
character education, the high public dependence on
government, the lack of facilities in the development
of children in schools, the lack of political education
and political communication as well as the practice
of nepotism and interests in implementation of social
justice.
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