Development of Rubber Fertilizer Machine Based on Visual
Monitorin
g
Technolo
gy
Yiguo Deng
1
, Yuan Zhang
1*
, Lijiao Wei
1
, Yeqin Wang
1
, Zhiyang Zhang
2,3
, Shengli Liu
4
, Ming Li
1
,
Xuehu Dong
1
and Jianhua Cao
2
1
Tropical Agricultural Machinery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang,
China
2
Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, China
3
Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd. of YIWU, Zhanjiang,China
4
The Center of CangLong Agricultural Technology Service for Zhanjiang City, Zhanjiang,China
Keywords: Rubber, fertilization, visual monitoring, research and development.
Abstract: This article describes in detail the integration of a set of functional, agricultural machinery management
agencies, service agencies, and users composed of three linkage management technology. The technology
will be fixed-point positioning of agricultural tools, job trajectory, image acquisition, workload calculation,
index detection, agricultural management and other functions close in the management of agricultural
operations management environment, the macro-management of agricultural machinery, command and
control scheduling, operational statistics, development decisions and individual management play a positive
role in promoting. Test: Based on the visual monitoring technology, the rubber plant ditching and fertilizing
combined operation machine can finish the joint operation of ditching, fertilizing and earthing at one time to
achieve the purpose of avoiding the volatilization and loss of the limited water in the soil, thereby
improving the fertilizer utilization rate, efficiency, and lowing cost. The machine is equipped with
Dongfanghong 804 tractor, ditching depth up to 45cm, productivity 1.63hm
2
/h, fuel consumption
3.4Kg/hm
2
, fertilization uniformity 92.3%, the coverage rate is up to 96.9%.
1 INTRODUCTION
Natural rubber is an important strategic material. It
is also one of the important cash crops, unique
resources and pillar industries in the tropics in our
country. It plays an important role in promoting the
adjustment of agricultural structure in the hot zone
and increasing farmers' income. In order to
encourage the development of the natural rubber
industry, the state started the seedling subsidy
project of natural rubber seed. The Ministry of
Agriculture also formulated and promulgated the
"Regional Layout for the Advantages of Natural
Rubber", clarifying the advantages of the three
major natural rubber planting areas in Hainan,
Yunnan and Guangdong. In recent years, it is
actively rehabilitating the natural rubber plantation
area with a planting area of more than 1800 mu and
is one of the major One of the agricultural industries
(ZHANG Yuan, 2016).
In the natural rubber production cycle need to
rubber tree ditching, fertilization and other
management operations to meet the needs of the
growth of natural rubber. Fertilization is one of the
important measures of rapid growth and high yield
of rubber trees. Rubber trees that have already
started to cut rubber need to be pressed and fertilized
every year. After they stop cutting, they dig the
green ditch (about 40cm in depth), press and spread
the green, and then cover the soil. General
fertilization per acre 250 ~ 300kg, during the cut cut,
you need to top-dressing 750kg/hm
2
. At present, the
basic fertilization of rubber plantations use special
organic fertilizer, the main fertilizer to powder, but
also granular. The late 90s of last century, the
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute
of Agricultural Machinery and Xuwen County Qujie
friendly farm tools factory cooperation on the rubber
forest fertilizer machine, ditching and plow furrow
plow was studied, developed a plastic ditching plow,
Deng, Y., Zhang, Y., Wei, L., Wang, Y., Zhang, Z., Liu, S., Li, M., Dong, X. and Cao, J.
Development of Rubber Fertilizer Machine Based on Visual Monitoring Technology.
In 3rd International Conference on Electromechanical Control Technology and Transportation (ICECTT 2018), pages 621-626
ISBN: 978-989-758-312-4
Copyright © 2018 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved
621

fertilization Machine and pressed green plow were
applied in small scale in Qujie Town, Xuwen
County, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province
(Figure 1), and achieved good economic and social
benefits (ZHANG Yuan, 2016). However, there
were still some problems that affected their further
promotion application. Such as fertilization machine
with two rows of operations, the rubber tree root
damage more serious, only 20 ~ 30cm depth of
ditching, reducing fertilizer efficiency, and fertilizer
is not uniform. However, ditching and pressing are
all single tasks with low efficiency and labor
intensity, and there are many problems such as
stealing, leakage and acceptance difficulties in the
management process. Abroad on the plastic garden
ditching, fertilizer and other management machinery
research is rare, rare reports.
Figure 1: Double row fertilizers for rubber.
At the same time, as the economy continues to
develop, the labor force continues to move to the
cities (WANG Yeqin, 2016; Shi Yinyan, 2017; Li
Hongjun, 2017). There are fewer and fewer workers
willing to engage in rubber plantation management
and the rubber plantation faces no one's control.
Therefore, in order to reduce the labor intensity of
rubber-field management workers, improve work
efficiency, and strengthen the long-term monitoring
and management of agricultural implements and
agricultural materials to further reduce the cost of
production management, develop a tractor
supporting plasticized ditching and fertilizing
combined operation machine , To replace the
manual fertilization operation will be the inevitable
trend of the future development of rubber plant
ditching fertilization equipment.
2 DESIGN OF WHOLE
STRUCTURE AND
MONITORING SYSTEM OF
FERTILIZER APPLICATION
2.1 Structural features
Based on the visual monitoring technology, the
rubber plant ditching and fertilization combined
operation machine is designed with the technical
ideas of combination of functions, comprehensive
performance and remote management. The standard
three-point rear suspension mainly includes the
frame, suspension system, ditching system,
Transmission system, remote monitoring system,
etc., among which the fertilizer device includes a
worm gear transmission, a main transmission shaft, a
fertilizer tank, a disc, a scraper, a fertilizer hopper, a
transmission shaft, a drainage pipe and a connecting
frame. The whole machine should be able to
complete a one-time rubber plant ditching, fertilizing,
earthwork and other joint operations and remote
office management functions. Machine structure
shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2: The main structure for rubber fertilizer machine.
Machine has the following characteristics:
First, the whole machine is designed according to
the technical ideas of function combination,
structure combination and performance
comprehensiveness, and the matching power is
moderate. Compared with the present management
status, the machine can complete the ditching,
fertilizing and earthworking together at one time to
avoid the limited Volatilization and loss of moisture,
thereby increasing fertilizer efficiency, high
efficiency and low cost (ZHANG Yuan, 2017).
Second is the use of frame-type rack structure,
open plow, soil cover and fertilization mechanism
and the use of bolting connection with the rack
bolting method, fertilizer institutions do not work,
the dynamic match only to achieve trenching
operations; such as the bolt disassembled after
ICECTT 2018 - 3rd International Conference on Electromechanical Control Technology and Transportation
622

matching other components , To meet the other
machine rack use, to achieve the rack of versatility.
Third, the installation of fertilizer monitoring and
alarm system, through four high-definition camera
monitoring system, the driver can observe the status
of fertilization and soil cultivation effect through the
display at any time during the work process. The use
of wireless voice alarm system real-time monitoring
of fertilizer use, the alarm host number 1.2.3.4, when
the fertilizer exhausted or can not be smooth
fertilizer, will monitor the changes in the amount of
fat will be no fat alarm number transmitted to the
bee Alarm and alarm, cab staff through the alarm to
monitor fertilizer operation or stop operations to
ensure fertilization continuity, to solve the original
drivers need to often look back and highly nervous,
prone to fatigue and other issues (Zhu Yongren,
2017; Xie Jingfen, 2017; Yang Cheng, 2017).
2.2 working principle
As the tractor moves forward, the ditching plow
begins to dig in and ditches. At the same time, the
tractor power is transmitted to the power
transmission shaft through the power output shaft,
the universal transmission assembly is transmitted to
the gearbox of the implement, the speed is reduced
by a pair of bevel gears and the direction is changed,
Until the worm gear decelerates and changes the
direction of transmission to drive the disk in the
fertilizer application device to rotate (Liu Jinbao,
2017; Wu Yujuan, 2017). As the mixed fertilizer
passes through the conical hopper and falls onto the
disk, the rotating disk moves the mixed fertilizer
along the scraper and in the lateral direction Offset
and along the edge of the disk down to the next
fertilizer funnel, and then by the next fertilizer, so as
to directly and quantitatively directly drop the ditch
to open a good furrow ditch, at the same time, ditch
plow side of the soil and continuous friction soil
self-coverage Fertilizers to complete the ditching,
fertilization and earthwork and other operations.
2.3 Monitoring system components and
installation location
Remote monitoring system's core components
include: mainframe, camera, digital display, GPS
antenna, sensor groups and ancillary components.
Which sensors are:
a.Power Sensor: measure real-time power of
agricultural machinery
b.Speed sensor: measure the real-time speed of
agricultural machinery
c.Acceleration sensor: obtain real-time
acceleration of agricultural machinery, when the
agricultural machinery complex operating conditions,
the "turbulent forward" acceleration inevitably
changes rapidly, the statistical variance is much
larger than other operations
d.Image Sensor: Obtain agricultural work images,
using image processing algorithms to extract
relevant information.
e.plow body identification sensor: to obtain the
type of agricultural machinery.
The specific core components of the installation
location shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3: Remote monitoring system installation of the
main parts.
3 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Based on the visual monitoring technology, the
rubber plant ditching and fertilization combined
operation machine was tested in the field of rubber
mechanization demonstration base of Guangdong
Friendly Farm in Xuwen County, Zhanjiang,
Guangdong Province. The field test was flat with an
area of 0.67hm2 and rubber planting distance of 4.8-
5.8m. Rubber density of 25 to 33 plants / mu.
Dongfanghong 804 tractor matching machine, the
main test results in Table 1:
Development of Rubber Fertilizer Machine Based on Visual Monitoring Technology
623

Table 1: This caption has one line so it is centered.
index result
Pure working hours productivity
(h
m
2
/h)
1.63
Operating hours productivity
(
h
m
2
/ h
)
1.21
Fuel consumption per unit area
(
k
g
/ h
m
2
)
3.4
The amount of fertilizer per unit
area(kg
/
h
m
2
)
1206
Ditch depth( c
m
)45
Ditch de
p
th stabilit
y
(
%
)
88.7
Fertilizer uniformit
y
(
%
)
92.3
Fertilizer coverag(%) 96.9
Fertilizer breaking rate(%) 0
The whole machine is working properly, remote
monitoring system better play a monitoring role, the
operator of agricultural machinery with the
corresponding guidance. Specific functions are as
follows:
A.Automatic positioning of agricultural
machinery
Description: Machine through the remote
monitoring of agricultural machinery installed on the
terminal equipment, the agricultural machinery of
the geographical location, driving status, speed,
direction and other data transmitted to the server,
and then through the background data calibration
system check, put these data to the platform and in
The map depicts the real-time location of the farm
machinery.
Application examples shown in Figure 4:
Figure 4: Agricultural machinery positioning map
B.Agricultural track query function
Description: The system will be agricultural
positioning data to describe the formation of
trajectory. The trajectory can be depicted at once so
as to show the overall driving situation. The
trajectory can also be simulated point-by-point and
point-by-point.
Application examples shown in Figure 5:
Figure 5: Agricultural machine trajectory query map
C.Image information collection function
Description: When the farm machinery is
activated, the platform operator can take pictures in
real time through the camera module of the remote
monitoring equipment terminal. The image is
transmitted to the image server by using the network
of the device. If the signal is unstable, the image
fails to be transmitted, and the device automatically
stores the image, and sends the image to the image
server when the signal is in a pause. The image
server will store every image uploaded by each
agricultural machine for customers to invoke
viewing and other functions (job statistics, etc.) of
the call.
Application examples shown in Figure 6:
Figure 6: Agricultural machinery image acquisition map
D.Agricultural machinery area calculation
function
Description: The system analyzes the agricultural
locomotive locating data, farm machinery image
information and time-series statistical data, and
calculates the farmwork area using the unit
integration approximation algorithm. Its working
principle is similar to measuring acres instrument,
taking into account the disturbing factors of
agricultural non-farming tracks (Song Xuefeng,
2017).
Application examples shown in Figure 7:
Figure 7: Agricultural machinery summary map
ICECTT 2018 - 3rd International Conference on Electromechanical Control Technology and Transportation
624

E.Agricultural operation indicators detection
Description: According to the multi-sensor on
the remote monitoring equipment of agricultural
machinery, the relevant data of agricultural
machinery torque are uploaded to the server, and the
system judges whether the agricultural machinery is
in working status according to the above data and
the occurrence time of the operation. Such as
agricultural machinery ongoing operation will
automatically open the image acquisition function,
the system based on intelligent image recognition
system, combined with soil conditions set by the
calculation of indicators.
Application examples shown in Figure 8:
Figure 8: Agricultural machinery data analysis
4 CONCLUSIONS
a.The basic successful application of a set of
functions set of agricultural machinery management
agencies, service agencies, users composed of three
linkage management technology, the positioning of
the farm tools, job trajectory, image acquisition,
workload calculation, index detection, agricultural
management and other functions close Combining
and serving the management environment of
agricultural machinery, it plays a positive role in
promoting the macro management, command and
dispatch, operation statistics, development decision-
making and individual management of agricultural
machinery.
b.The rubber plantation ditching and fertilization
combined operation machine based on visual
monitoring technology basically fulfilled the
requirement of synchronous dredging and fertilizing
agronomy in rubber plantation field, in line with the
development direction of modern agricultural
machinery. Equipped with Dongfanghong 804
tractor, the machine can reach a depth of 45cm, a
production rate of 1.63hm2 / h, an oil consumption
of 3.4kg / hm2, a uniform fertilizer rate of 92.3%
and a coverage rate of 96.9%, which can effectively
increase production efficiency and reduce
production costs.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work was financially supported by the Central
Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research
Fund for Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural
Sciences(1630132016015&1630022015018);2017
provincial agricultural development and rural work
special "natural rubber processing of key
technologies in Thailand application"(Yue Nongji
[2017] No.39);Public Welfare Research and
Capacity Building of Guangdong Province
(2017A02028012);Collaborative innovation and
platform environment construction special of
Guangdong Province (2017A040406003);Natural
Science Foundation of Hainan Provincial(20155204);
Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural
Sciences(1630132017003)and Science and
Technology Program special of Zhanjiang
City(2015A03023) .
I would like to thank the members of the
research group for their selfless help, especially the
communication author Zhang Yuan,and the friendly
farms in Guangdong Province for the project test of
strong support.
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