Growth Performance of Three Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.)

Varieties in Crate System

Ridwansyah

, Y. Hasanah

, E. Yusraini

, N. Rahmawati

, M. S. M. Harahap

Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Prof. A. Sofyan No. 3 Kampus USU, Padang Bulan Medan

20155, Indonesia

mhdsyarifulmuharramiharahap@gmail.com

Keywords : Ginger, Variety, Crate System.

Abstract : Ginger growth is an important factor that must be considered to produce ginger rhizome which is very

beneficial for health. The health-promoting perspective of ginger is attributed to its rich phytochemistry.

Ginger cultivation in baskets is one way to cultivate ginger production The study aimed to identify

performance of three ginger varieties growth in crate system. Experimental design was a randomized block

design non factorial with 5 replications. The treatment were ginger varieties (Emprit, Gajah, and Merah). The

result showed that the variety of Gajah ginger and Emprit ginger had higher plant height 2-12 WAP (week

after planting) and also number of leaf 2-12 MST compare than Merah ginger.

1 INTRODUCTION

Ginger is one species belongs to the family

Zingiberaceae family that is used as raw material in

the manufacture of modern and traditional medicines.

The health-promoting perspective of ginger is

attributed to its rich phytochemistry.The content of

secondary metabolites in ginger plants is mainly

flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids and essential oils.

Secondary metabolite compounds produced by

Zingiberaceae plants generally can inhibit the growth

of pathogens that harm human life (Kartika, 2013 ;

Nafiseh., 2013 ; Shukla and Singh, 2007).

Recent studies on health related effects of ginger

which have also stimulated farmers concern on the

growth of the plant have shown the efficacy of the

plant in some life challenging ailments such as entero

toxin induced diarrhea, diabetic nephropathy, nausea,

plasma antioxidant, vomiting, high cholesterol, high

blood pressure and inflammation (Chen., 2007 ;

Ernest and Pittler, 2008 ; Kim., 2008).

Ginger propagation is usually performed with

rhizome but has a lot of obstacles. The obstacle

among other is the availability of good quality

rhizome. Rhizome age, filled out, no wrinkles, bright

shiny skin color, and free of pests attacks is

characteristic of high-quality seed (Hasanah., 2004)

Based on the size, shape and color of the rhizome,

there are 3 types of ginger, namely “jahe gajah”

(Zingiber officinale var. officinale), jahe emprit

(Zingiber officinale var. amarum) and ‘jahe merah’

(Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) (Hapsoh., 2008)

Based on the above background, one method of

ginger cultivation which is aimed at increasing the

growth of ginger is the cultivation of ginger in crate

systems. Previous study by Hapsoh. (2008) state that

the three ginger types have different characteristics in

their secondary metabolites, essential oil, starch

content, ash content (Hapsoh., 2008). Therefore, the

study aimed to identify performance of three ginger

growth in crate system as material for analysis the as

material for the characteristic analysis of tuber starch

and essential oil from the three types of ginger.

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1 Study Area

The experiments were conducted at the Research

Field Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera

Utara on March to July 2018.

132

Ridwansyah, ., Hasanah, Y., Yusrani, E., Rahmawati, N. and Harahap, M.

Growth Performance of Three Ginger (Zingiber ofﬁcinale Rosc.) Varieties in Crate System.

DOI: 10.5220/0010102801320135

In Proceedings of the International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches (ICOSTEERR 2018) - Research in Industry 4.0, pages

132-135

ISBN: 978-989-758-449-7

2.2 Procedures

Treatments were arranged in Non Factorial

Randomized Block Design with five replications. The

treatment is variety J1 = Jahe gajah, J2 = Jahe emprit,

V3 = Jahe merah. Parameters observed was plant

height at 2-4 week after planting (WAP).

The planting area to be used is cleaned from

weeds, then made drainage beds and ditches, and

crate are arranged on beds. The planting medium used

is top soil: manure: husks (3: 1: 1). The media is

mixed evenly and loosened using a hoe, then put into

a basket that has been arranged on the bed. Ginger

seeds are prepared which are ready for sowing. The

seeds are soaked in Dithane M-45 solution about 1

hour to control the fungus, then drained and the seeds

are cut into pieces according to the segment and the

seeds are ready to be sown. Seedlings are planted at

the nursery. Nursery media are compost and sand in a

ratio of 3: 1. The media is distributed evenly, then the

prepared seeds are arranged on a stretch of the

planting medium with the buds going above.

Seedlings that have been sown and old enough are

moved into the crate. Each crate is planted with 5

seeds. After the seeds are planted, the crate is

sheltered with paranet to avoid direct sunlight.

Watering is done every morning and evening

according to weather conditions, while the change of

damaged plant is done no later than 2 weeks after

planting (WAP). Sprouting is done so that the plant

does not fall easily, by making a mound of soil around

the plant, started at 2 WAP when the clump has

formed with 4-5 tillers.

2.3 Data Collection and Data Analysis

The growth parameters were determined at 4, 6, 8, 10

and 12 weeks after planting (WAP). The parameters

essentially determined were; plant height which was

measured from the base of the plant to the apex using

measuring tape. Number of leaves was measured by

counting manually. Number of tillers was taken at the

middle of each bed by counting at 12 WAP. Data

were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) for

comparison of means. Means were separated using

Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at the 0.05 probability

level.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Plant Height

The ginger of jahe emprit and jahe gajah, generally

has the higher of plant height 2-12 WAP than jahe

merah. Increasing the plant height of jahe gajah and

jahe empritat 2-12 WAP is almost similar, while the

growth of plant height of jahe merah is lower. The

plant height increase of jahe emprit and jahe gajah at

4-10 WAP increased sharply, but the plant height of

jahe merah at 4-12 WAP increased (Table 1).

The growth phase of ginger is divided into 4

phases, i.e. (1) the budding phase, (2) the seedling

phase, (3) the growth and development phase, and (4)

the sleep rhizome phase. The phase of growth and

development in the ginger plant is divided into two

phases, namely the rapid growth phase (active phase)

and the phase of the development of the rhizome (the

stage of rhizome expansion). Phase growth and

development needs 70-80 days after the seedling

phase. Lijiu who mentions the fast growth phase is the

price of 110-130 day after planting (DAP), while the

development phase of the rhizome is 130-160 DAP.

(Hapsoh., 2008 ; Li., 2010)

3.2 Number of Leaves

Based on Table 2 it can be seen that generally the

ginger of jahe emprit and jahe gajah has the higher of

number of leaves 2-12 WAP than jahe merah.

Increasing thenumber of leaves of jahe gajah and jahe

emprit at 8-10 WAP is almost similar, while the

growth of number of leaves of jahe merah is lower.

The plant height increase of jahe emprit and jahe

gajah at 4-10 WAP increased sharply, but the number

of leavesof jahe merah at 4-12 WAP increased

slowly.

Growth Performance of Three Ginger (Zingiber ofﬁcinale Rosc.) Varieties in Crate System

133

Variety Week after transplanting (WAP)

2 4 6 8 10 12

…………..leaf ……………

Jahe

emprit 9.40 11.36 11.80 11.80 17.40 18.08a

Jahe

gajah 9.92 10.92 10.92 10.92 17.04 17.60a

Jahe

merah 7.72 8.72 8.72 8.72 14.48 14.48b

Note : Different letter represent significant differences as Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (p=0.05)

Table 1. Plant height 2-12week after planting of ginger varieties in crate system cultivation

Variety Week after transplanting (WAP)

2 4 6 8 10 12

…………..cm .....................

Jahe

emprit 43.28 59.06a 65.61a 72.51a 82.04a 84.95a

Jahe

gajah 39.72 57.52a 65.65a 74.61a 85.14a 89.34a

Jahe

merah 32.24 44.54b 50.92b 57.42b 61.97b 66.99b

Note : Different letter represent significant differences as Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (p=0.05)

Table 3. Number of tillers 2-12 WAP of ginger varieties in crate system cultivation

Variet

Week after transplantin

(WAP)

2 4 6 8 10 12

……..tiller ……

Jahe

empri

2.3a 2.5a 2.6a 3.4a 3.9a 4.2a

Jahe

ah 1.9a 2.0a 2.2a 2.9a 3.2a 4.0a

Jahe

merah 1.1b 1.2b 1.6b 1.7b 2.0b 2.3b

Note :Different letter represent significant differences as Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (p=0.05)

3.3 Number of Tillers

Based on Table 3 and Figure 3 it can be seen that

generally the ginger of jahe emprit and jahe gajah has

the higher of number of tillers 2-12 WAP than jahe

merah. Increasing the number of tillers of jahe gajah

and jahe emprit at 8-10 WAP is almost similar, while

the growth of number of tillers of jahe merah is lower.

The number of tillers of jaheemprit and jahe gajah at

4-10 WAP increased sharply, but the number of tillers

of jahe merah at 4-12 WAP increased.This might be

due to genetic constitution of the varieties and

genotypic potential and availability of nutrients in the

soil, which were influenced by low light intensity and

high relative humidity condition under shade net

situation (Surendra, 2017 ; Laksmi., 2014).

4 CONCLUSIONS

Each variety has a different growth pattern. Jahe

gajah and jahe emprit have a similar growth pattern

for plant height, number of tillers and number of

leaves. Jahe merah grows more slowly than jahe gajah

and jahe emprit. The growth of a variety is dependent

on vigour of the plant and other plant characters.

ICOSTEERR 2018 - International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches

134

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors would like to thank Directorate of

Research and Community Services, Ministry of

Research Technology and Higher Education that have

funded this Research in accordance with Research

Contract with Rector Universitas Sumatera Utara,

Fiscal Year 2018 Number :

1140/UN5.1.R/PPM/2018, dated 5 February 2018.

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