Inbreeding Coefficient and Rate in Murrah Buffalo at BPTU-HPT

Siborongborong

Hamdan

, Fuad Hasan

, Muchti

, Morina Dormasia

, and Herti Tambunan

Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jln Prof. A. Sofyan No 3, Medan, Indonesia

BP TU–HPT Siborongborong, Jalan Raya Dolok Sanggul No 1, Tapanuli Utara, Indonesia

Keywords: Inbreeding Coefficient, Inbreeding Rate, Murrah Buffalo.

Abstract: Balai Pembibitan Ternak Unggul – Hijauan Pakan Ternak (BPTU-HPT) Siborongborong is one of breeding

station in Indonesia. One of animal which has been maintained is Murrah buffalo. The aims of the research

are to calculated inbreeding coefficient and inbreeding rate of Murrah buffalo. Data and pedigree

information were collected from 17 buffalo’s (7 males; 10 females) in 2017 and 14 buffalo’s (6 males ; 8

females) in 2018. The inbreeding coefficient was calculated using of pedigree analysis and inbreeding rate

per generation based on the population structure. The result of inbreeding coefficient was 0,219 while the

inbreeding rate was 2,29%. Significant inbreeding depression was found in BPTU-HPT Siborongborong

because the breeding station wasn’t regularly optimum rotated bull/generation.

1 INTRODUCTION

Balai Pembibitan Ternak Unggul-Hijauan Pakan

Ternak Siborongborong has a main duty to

maintenance, breeding, development, production and

distribution of superior livestock and production and

distribution of forage seeds. Some of its functions

include 1) maintenance and production of superior

livestock seeds, 2) implementation of performance

test and superior livestock zuriat test, 3)

implementation of superior livestock breeding, 4)

implementation of germplasm conservation and 5)

implementation of superior livestock breeding. In

carrying out the main tasks and functions of the

station, the implementation of activities is supported

by several installations such as Siaro installation,

Silangit, Bahal Batu and Rodaman Palas. Installation

Siaro is a pig development site with an area of 17.5

Ha. Installation of Silangit is a place for the

development of riverian buffalo (Murrah Buffalo)

with an area of 23 Ha. Installation of Bahal Batu and

Rodaman Palas where the development of swamp

buffaloes with an area of 59.5 Ha and 94 Ha.

The Silangit Installation is one of the existing

installations under the Siborongborong BPTU-HPT

that carry out their main tasks and specific functions

for the maintenance, production, breeding and

development of Murrah buffalo. Murrah buffalo was

brought to this location first time in 1994 about 25

heads from the Murrah buffalo breeder in Deli

Serdang district. Since 1994 until now, Silangit

installation has been maintaining, producing and

breeding Murrah buffalo. The current population of

Murrah buffaloes in Silangit installations is 81 heads

consisting of 2 males, 18 females, 4 adult males, 16

adult females, 2 young males, 5 young females, 12

calves male and 22 calves females. Murrah buffalo

is maintenanced with a system where in the morning

grazed and in the afternoon put into the cage. Feed is

given in the form of forage and concentrate. Patterns

of mating with natural and artificial mating systems

(artificial insemination). Natural mating is done by

utilizing the stud in the installation. While the

artificial mating is done by using the straw from

UPTD BBID North Sumatra. Where the bull in

UPTD BBID North Sumatra is coming from the

murrah buffalo breeder in Deli Serdang District.

Since the Murrah buffalo was introduced to the

BPTU-HPT Siborongborong, there has been no

observation and calculation of inbreeding.

Inbreeding may occur due to the origin of buffaloes

in BPTU-HPT Siborongborong and UPTD BBID

North Sumatera are originated from one population

in Deli Serdang District. The origin of the same

Hamdan, ., Hasan, F., Muchti, ., Dormasia, M. and Tamabunan, H.

Inbreeding Coefﬁcient and Rate in Murrah Buffalo at BPTU-HPT Siborongborong.

DOI: 10.5220/0010102001210124

In Proceedings of the International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches (ICOSTEERR 2018) - Research in Industry 4.0, pages

121-124

ISBN: 978-989-758-449-7

121

buffalo indicates that the buffalo has a close relative

relationship. Signs of inbreeding have already begun

to appear at BPTU-HPT Siborongborong, such as

downward-looking horns, blue eyes and the death of

buffalo several days after birth (Talib. 2011 and

Talib., 2014). The purpose of this research is to

know the value of coefficient and inbreeding rate of

buffalo Murrah at BPTU-HPT Siborongborong.

2 MATERIAL AND METHOD

2.1 Value of Inbreeding Coefficient

This research was conducted at the center of Animal

Breeding of Animal Feed (BPTU-HPT)

Siborongborong located in North Tapanuli Regency,

North Sumatra. Data were collected from April to

May 2018. The data used were genealogy data from

17 buffalo Murrah born in 2017 (7 male and 10

female and 14 data from 2018 (6 male and 8

female). Then, the genealogical record data was

sorted and validated from the recorded data owned

by BPTU-HPT Siborongborong. The genealogical

records obtained are then determined by common

ancestors based on Warwick. (1990) as follows.

Inbreeding coefficient was calculated based on

Allendorf dan Kuikart (2008).

(1)

Annotation :

: Inbreeding coefficient within buffalo X

: Inbreeding coefficient of common

ancestor

n: The number of arrows from X to the

common ancestor and back to X

The calculation of the rate of inbreeding is

calculated by referring to Wiener (1994).

Annotation:

Nm : Number of male and male stud

Nf : The number of females that can be mated

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Inbreeding is a mating between livestock with closer

kinship relative to the average of kinship relations of

the livestock group (Noor, 2008). Meanwhile,

according to Warwick (1990), livestock is

considered to be related when having common

ancestry in the first four to six generations. The

calculation of inbreeing coefficient by the method of

genealogy analysis is to find the common ancestor

of both parents. If after searching is not found a

common ancestor, this is not the result of inbreeding

so that the value of Fx = 0. Genealogical data that

have been obtained from BPTU-HPT

Siborongborong then analyzed to find common

ancestors and then proceed to make the arrow

diagram (Figure 1).

Making an arrow diagram like Figure 1 should

be done with accuracy. The identity or name of an

individual may not be repeated and is only allowed

once. Furthermore, making a flowchart based on a

pathway consisting of a common ancestor of a

parent who has an inbreeding mating. The flow chart

of the Murrah buffaloes is presented in Table 1.

Table 1. Flow Chart of Murrah Buffalo at BPTU- HPT

Siborongborong

Path

Contribution

S.040 ← 085 –

0456 → S.040

(1/2)

= 0,25

0,25

The results showed that there has been

inbreeding in 2017, as many as 2 of 17 heads and in

2018 as many as 2 from 14 heads. According to

Cervantes (2007), the value of inbreeding coefficient

is F = 0 (non-inbreeding category), F value between

0 - 6.25% (low category), F value between 6.25 -

12.5% (medium category) and F value more from

12.5% (high category). The value of the inbreeding

ICOSTEERR 2018 - International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches

122

coefficient obtained at the BPT-HPT

Siborongborong is 0.219 or 21.9% (Table 2). When

referring to Cervantes (2007), the value of

inbreeding coefficients in the BPTU-HPT

Siborongborong is high category. This can be seen

from the flow chart that the males used in the

BPTU-HPT Siborongborong is directly mated their

biological offspring. According to Miglior. (1992)

that the value of in-breeding coefficients is greater

than 12.5% then inbreeding pressure will increase

drastically from expected.

Table 2. Value of Inbreeding Coefficient in Murrah

Buffalo at BPTU-HPT Siborongborong

Sex

Livestock

Identity

Year of

birth

Value of

Inbreeding

Coefficient

♂

S.011

2017

♂

S.012

2017

♀

S.013

2017

♂

S.014

2017

♀

S.015

2017

♂

S.016

2017

0,25

♂

S.017

2017

♀

S.018

2017

0,25

♀

S.019

2017

♀

S.020

2017

♂

S.021

2017

♂

S.022

2017

♀

S.023

2017

♀

S.024

2017

♀

S.025

2017

♀

S.026

2017

♀

S.028

2017

♀

S.029

2018

♂

S.030

2018

♀

S.031

2018

♀

S.032

2018

♂

S.033

2018

♀

S.034

2018

♀

S.035

2018

♂

S.036

2018

♂

S.037

2018

♀

S.038

2018

0,125

♂

S.039

2018

♀

S.040

2018

0,25

♀

S.041

2018

♂

S.042

2018

Mean of Inbreeding Coefficient

0,219

Sayed. (2012) states that the value of inbreeding

coefficients in Egyptian buffalo ranges from 0.029%

to 0.202%. Dinarwati (2007) stated that the value of

inbreeding coefficient in Caviar Company (Kikav)

and Farming Company (Kinak) were 0.099 (9.9%)

and 0.091 (9.1%) respectively. Filho (2015) states

that the value of inbreeding coefficients in Gyr dairy

cows is 2.82%. When compared with the results of

the research, the obtained inbreeding coefficient is

higher. However, when compared with the value of

inbreeding coefficient in the bull population in

Surabaya Zoo 0.42 (42%) (Sawitri and Mariana,

2012), the coefficient value obtained is lower.

3.1 Value of Inbreeding Rate

The number of males and females that serve as

parent in a population can be used as a reference for

estimating the rate of inbreeding. A population can

survive if the rate of inbreeding per generation is

smaller or equal to 1% (Salamena., 2007). The

results of this study indicate that the rate of

inbreeding in the buffalo population of Murrah at

BPTU-HPT Siborongborong more than 1% (Table

3). Rusfidra (2012) stated that the rate of inbreeding

rate at local ducks in Kecamatan Tilatang Kamang

ranged from 0.1 to 0.13.

Table 3. Value of Inbreeding rate per Generation at

BPTU-HPT Siborongborong

Sex / Inbreeding Rate

Location

BPTU-HPT

Siborongborong

Male and Male Stud

Female

Inbreeding Rate (%)

1,91

The high inbreeding rate of population at BPTU-

HPT Siborongborong can be decreased by

increasing the number of males and increasing the

effectiveness of the population (Sevinga., 2004).

Increaseing 1% of inbreeding rates per generation,

resulting in decreased production and performance

in livestock (Praharani., 2009).

4 CONCLUSIONS

Value of Inbreeding coefficient and inbreeding rates

at BPTU-HPT Siborongborong were 21.9% and

1.91%, respectively. The high value of coefficient

and rates of inbreeding in BPTU-HPT

Siborongborong can be reduced by introducing and

increasing the number of Murrah buffalo bulls.

Inbreeding Coefﬁcient and Rate in Murrah Buffalo at BPTU-HPT Siborongborong

123

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors would like to express our thanks to

TALENTA research grant 2018 Number

2590/UN5.1.R/PPM/2018 March 16, 2018 from

Research Institution, Universitas Sumatera Utara.

The authors greatly acknowledge the Breeding

Center BPTU-HPT Siborongborong in North

Sumatra.

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