A Survey on Aspergillus chevalieri Infection Isolated from Poultry

Feed

K. Nurtjahja

, Yurnaliza

, A. Bungsu

, J. Simanullang

, J. E. Silalahi

, B. N. L. Gultom

, Sartini

Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jln. Bioteknologi no.

1, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia 20155

Biology Faculty, Universitas Medan Area, Jln. Kolam no. 1 Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia 20223

Keywords: Aspergillus chevalieri, Fungal Population, Poultry Feed.

Abstract: Population and characteristics Aspergillus chevalieri in finished poultry feed were investigated. The aim was

to isolate and enumerate Aspergillus chevalieri from finished poultry feed. Thirteen samples poultry feed of

chick starter, broiler and layer, sold by retailers in traditional markets were collected. Moisture content of the

feeds was determined by oven dried method. Fungal population was analyzed using dichloran 18% glycerol

agar (DG18) medium. All fungal colonies were isolated and incubated in potato dextrose agar slants (7 days,

29 °C). Morphological characteristics were observed. Results showed that chick starter has the highest

moisture content (10%) and the most infected by Aspergillus chevalieri (31.33×10

cfu g

-1

) followed by

broiler (0.33×10

cfu g

-1

) and none in layer.

1 INTRODUCTION

The occurence of fungal infection on poultry feed in

tropical countries become the primary cause

deterioration during storage. High rainfall and

relative humidity promote improper stored feed

absorb water favour from the environment. This

process leads to an increase moisture content exceeds

critical value for fungal growth and it may

contaminated by mycotoxins (JECFA, 1998). Maize,

soybean, rice bran, peanut and by product that major

of the component are susceptible infected by molds

(Okoly et al. 2007; Okun et al. 2015). Among fungal

genera, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Rhizopus, Penicillium

and Mucor were the most common found

contaminating in poultry feed (Krnjaja et al. 2008;

Kana et al. 2013; Nemati et al. 2014; Kehinde et al.

2014). Infection of the molds deteriorate feeds and

reduce its nutritional componds. As xerophilic fungi,

A. chevaliery is able to grow on low water activity.

The presence of A.chevalieri on poultry feed might

occur when the fungus colonize the raw materials

during harvesting, grow in it during postharvest

handlings such as drying, transportation and storage.

The objective of this research was designed to survey

Aspergillus chevalieri infection and isolated from

finished poultry feed (chick stater feed, broiler and

layer feed) sold by retailers in traditional markets.

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1 Sample Collection

A total of 13 composite samples of finished poultry

feed: chick starter, broiler and layer, were collected

(500 g each sample) during the dry season (months of

May and June 2018) from different retailers in

Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia. Each sample was

packed separately in sterilized polythylene bag and

stored (-4 °C) in refrigerator for further use.

2.2 Fungal Population and

Identification

Population of A. chevalieri was determined by

dilution method in dichloran 18% glycerol agar

(DG18 medium) according to Pitt and Hocking

(2009). Twenty five gram of each sample in 500 mL

erlenmeyer was diluted in 250 mL sterilized distilled

water. The suspension was homogenized using shaker

(Gallenkamp SG92-02-311, England) 100 rpm for 2

minutes. Four dilutions, 10

-1

, 10

-2

, 10

-3

and 10

-4

were

1070

Nurtjahja, K., Yurnaliza, ., Bungsu, A., Simanullang, J., Silalahi, J., Gultom, B. and Sartini, .

A Survey on Aspergillus chevalieri Infection Isolated from Poultry Feed.

DOI: 10.5220/0010100010701072

In Proceedings of the International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches (ICOSTEERR 2018) - Research in Industry 4.0, pages

1070-1072

ISBN: 978-989-758-449-7

made. From the 10

-3

or 10

-4

dilution, 1 mL was

transfered to petridish (diameter 9 cm) and pour

plated in DG18 medium. Each sample was cultured

triplicates. The plates were incubated at at 29±2ºC for

6 days. All colonies were counted as colony forming

unit (cfu g

-1

) of the sample and identified according

to Pitt and Hocking (2009). Macroscopic and

microscopic identification were conducted under

Zeiss Prima Star 37081 light microscope, Gottingen,

Germany.

2.3 Determination of Moisture Content

For determination of moisture content, every 50 g of

sample was put on an aluminum foil dish and dried in

an oven at 130

C for 2 hours and reweighed (BSI,

1980). Three replicates were made for each sample.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

All finished poultry feed sold by retailers commonly

packaged in polypropylene bag and stored in open air.

Moisture content of the poultry feed are presented in

Figure 1.

Figure 1: Moisture content (% wet basis) of finished poultry

feed (chick starter, broiler and layer feed) collected from

retailers at traditional markets in Medan, North Sumatera.

Chick starter has the highest moisture content

(10%) followed by layer (8.5%) and broiler (7%).

Feed moisture content determine A. chevalieri

population. Most of the colony was found in chick

starter (5.49 cfu g

-1

) followed by broiler (2.52 cfu g

). None A. chevalieri was found on layer (Figure 2).

Previous study by Saleemi et al. (2010) and

Sivakumar et al. (2014) reported that Aspergillus was

the most common on poultry feed. The most

prevalence of A. chevalieri on poultry feed was

reported by Greco et al. (2014).

Figure 2: Fungal population (cfu g

-1

) isolated from finished

poultry feed (chick starter, broiler and layer) after 6 days

incubation (29±2 °C) on dichloran 18% glycerol agar

(DG18) medium.

Poultry feed raw materials such as corn, rice bran,

peanut and soybean are vulnerable infected by

Aspergillus [Okun et al. 2015; Krnjaja et al. 2008).

We assumed the infection of the molds occurred on

poultry raw materials during harvest and their

population increase during storage.

4 CONCLUSION

All finished poultry feed sold by retailers in

traditional markets were infected by A. chevalieri.

The presence of the xerophilic mold potential

deterioration on poultry feed during storage.

Prevention fungal growth and deterioration were

required during storage of the feed.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The study was funded by Sumatera Utara University,

contract TALENTA Reseach no.

136/UN5.2.3.1/PPM/KP-TALENTA USU/2018.

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