Standardization and Phytochemoical Screening of Syzygium

polyanthum Wight Leaf and Myrmecodia pendans Simplicia

Tri Widyawati

, M. Aron Pase

, Milahayati Daulay

, Imam Bagus Sumantri

Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155,

Indonesia

Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia

Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia8

Department of Pharmacy Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20222, Indonesia

Keywords: Syzygium polyanthum, Myrmecodia pendans, standardization, phytochemical, simplicia.

Abstract: Syzygium polyanthum Wight (SP) leaf and Myrmecodia pendans (MP) have been widely reported to have

beneficial pharmacological activites. To obtain consistent and reliable results from preparations derived from

medicinal plants, preparation including standardization and extraction process is important. The present study

aims to determine the yields of standardization and phytochemical screening of (SP) and MP (MP) simplisia.

Standardization of SP and MP showed as follows: total water : 8.61.13% and 9.2 1.13%, total water soluble

simplicia 10.2 0.57% and 35.4 7.8%, total ethanol soluble simplicia 25.6 1.15% and 12.3 1.52% and

total ash 0.981.01% and 15.2 2.69% respectively. Both simplicia consisted of alkaloid, tannin, saponin,

triterpene/steroid, flavonoid and glicosyde.

1 INTRODUCTION

Syzygium polyanthum Wight (SP) is one of medicinal

plants that has been widely investigated to elucidate

its benefit pharmacological activity such as

antidiabetic and antioxidant (Widyawati et al, 2015;

Widyawati et al, 2016). Myrmecodia pendans (MP),

an epiphytic plant that belonging of Hydophytinae

(Rubiceae) family (Sudiono et al, 2015), is originated

of local society in Papua island (Gartika et al, 2018).

Various diseases including cancer, tumors, gout,

diarrhea and diabetes have been claimed can be cured

by this plant (Supriatno, 2014). Standardization is a

crucial step for the development of a consistent

biological activity, chemical profile, or simply a

quality assurance program for production and

manufacturing of herbal drugs preparation of any

herbal formulation (Bajpai et al, 2012). The present

study aims to compare the standardization of SP and

MP.

2 MATERIAL AND METHODS

2.1 Syzygium Polyanthum Leaves and

Myrmecodia Pendans Collection

and Preparation

Syzygium polyanthum Wight (SP) leaves were

collected from Titi Kuning Medan, Indonesia. The

fresh leaves were washed in running water and dried

in temperature room. The dried leaves then were

ground into powder. Dried of Myrmecodia pendans

(MP) were supplied from Fakfak, West Papua.

Similar procedure as SP was conducted to obtain MP

simplicia

2.2 Standardization and Phytochemical

Screening Procedures

Standardization of both simplicia including

determination of total water, total water soluble ash,

total ethanol soluble ash and total ash was conducted

based on “Materia Medika Indonesia (MMI)”

(Depkes RI, 1995). Qualitative phytochemical

screening to trace alkaloida, glycoside, saponin was

114

Widyawati, T., Pase, M., Daulay, M. and Sumantri, I.

Standardization and Phytochemoical Screening of Syzygium polyanthum Wight Leaf and Myrmecodia pendans Simplicia.

DOI: 10.5220/0010099801140116

In Proceedings of the International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches (ICOSTEERR 2018) - Research in Industry 4.0, pages

114-116

ISBN: 978-989-758-449-7

based on MMI as well, while procedure by

Farnsworth (1996) was used to identify the presence

of tannin, flavonoid, steroida/triterpenoida and

glycoside.

3 RESULTS

Table 1 showed that the percentage of total water of

both SP and MP was almost comparable ie

8.61.13% and 9.21.13% of each. Total water

soluble ash of MP (35.4%) was higher than SP

(10.20.57%). Total ash of MP (15.22.69%) was

also higher than SP (0.981.01%). Total ethanol

soluble ash of SP (25.61.15%) was higher than MP

(12.31.52%).

Table 1: Standardization of Syzygium polyanthum

(Wight)(SP) leaf and Myrmecodia pendans (MP) simplicia

SP (%) MP (%)

Total water 8.6  1.13 9.2  1.13

Total water

soluble simplicia

10.2  0.57 35.4  7.8

Total ethanol

soluble simplicia

25.6  1.15 12.3  1.52

Total ash 0.98  1.01 15.2  2.69

Phytochemical screening of SP and MP simpicia

traced the presence of alkaloid, tannin, saponin,

triterpene/steroid, flavonoid and glycoside (Table 2).

Table 1: Phytochemical screening of Syzygium polyanthum

(Wight)(SP) leaf and Myrmecodia pendans (MP) simplicia

Chemical class SP MP

Alkaloid (+) (+)

Tannin (+) (+)

Saponin (+) (+)

Triterpene/Steroid (+) (+)

Flavonoid (+) (+)

Glycoside (+) (+)

Plants are valuable for modern medicine development

(Hariharan and Subburaju, 2012). Standardization of

medicinal plant under development plays a very

important role in identifying its purity and quality

(Ahmad et al, 2013). According to Shalija and Banji

(2014) the macroscopic and microscopic description

of a medicinal plant, the degree of purity of such

materials should be carried out before any studies are

undertaken.

The total water content determines the stability of the

extract and the subsequent formulation. The

percentage of total water of both SP (8.61.13%) and

MP (9.21.13%) that below 10% were in the normal

level. Water content in extract less than 10% aims to

avoid the rapid growth of fungus in the samples.

Determination of water- and ethanol soluble extract is

a classical approach to estimate the level of active

compounds based on the polarity properties. Through

the determination can be calculated the percentage of

polar to non polar in the samples. The sum of water

soluble extract and ethanol soluble extract should not

be more than 100%. The presents study showed that

the total water soluble simplicia of MP (35.47.8%)

was higher than SP (10.20.57%). Thus, the total

ethanol soluble ash of SP (25.61.15%) was higher

than MP (12.31.52%). The present study assumed

that simplicia of MP was more polar than SP.

The present study identified the presence of following

chemical compounds ie alkaloid, tannin, saponin,

triterpene/steroid, flavonoid and glycoside. This

result supported the previous study that reported the

similar compounds were found in both plants.

4 CONCLUSIONS

Standardization of SP and MP simplicia meets MMI

criteria. Both simplicia of SP and MP contained of

alkaloid, tannin, saponin, triterpene/steroid, flavonoid

and glycoside acetate.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors gratefully acknowledge Ministry of

Research and Technology and Higher Education

Republic of Indonesia, Research and Community

Service, Universitas Sumatera Utara for supporting

this study (DRPM 2018

No.263/UN5..2.3.1/PPM/KP-DRPM/2018).

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Standardization and Phytochemoical Screening of Syzygium polyanthum Wight Leaf and Myrmecodia pendans Simplicia

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