Analysis Comparison of Cost and Time of Concrete and Paving Block
Jobs in the Implementation of Village Road Development using
Village Fund Budget
Indra Jaya
1
*, Andy Putra Rambe
1
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering. Universitas Sumatera Utara, Padang Bulan, Medan 20155,
Indonesia
Keywords: Concrete, paving block, Cost, Time.
Abstract: Minister of finance regulation No.93/PMK.07/2015 concerning procedures for allocation, distribution,
monitoring and evaluation of village funds regulates in more detail the use of village funds. The purpose of
this research is to analyze the cost and time of alternative selection of concrete materials and paving blocks
in carrying out the construction of village roads. The research used was a field study/ direct observation.
Collecting secondary data such as wage and basic material standards and budget of village fund for concrete
road works. Collecting primary data such as survey of paving block prices, survey of basic wage and material
prices, coredrill, concrete quality testing and paving blocks, mix design paving block. In 2017, The 1 m
2
unit
price of paving block work was cheaper by IDR.25472 than concrete road with the same quality. The 1 m
2
unit price of paving block work was cheaper by IDR.163588 than the existing concrete road. In 2018, The 1
m
2
unit price of paving block work was cheaper by IDR.32693 than concrete road with the same quality. The
1 m
2
unit price of paving block work was cheaper by IDR.132944 than the existing concrete road. The
conclusion in this research, paving block is 2 times cheaper than concrete material, and Concrete material is
4 times faster than paving blocks.
1 INTRODUCTION
The amount of the village funds budget distributed to
more than 74 thousand villages requires strict
supervision, but the lack of state civil apparatus
(ASN), supervision in the low field.
Until now the total circle of the Village Fund reached
62 cases, while in the process of investigation reached
48 cases (liputan6, 2018).
Village funds can be used to build village road
infrastructure. Until 2017, the total funds available to
finance village funds were 127.74 trillion for 74,910
villages that received assistance. The details in 2015
were IDR 20.76 trillion, 2016 IDR 49.98 trillion, and
2017 IDR 60 trillion (coverage 6, 2018)
This research is useful to provide technical
justification for the Village Head as the highest
official of the Village Government in implementing
the construction of village roads with an alternative
selection of concrete materials and paving blocks
seen from the aspect of cost and time.
2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Concrete Block
In accordance with SNI 03-0691-1996, concrete brick
is a composition of building materials made from a
mixture of portland cement or similar hydraulic
adhesives, water and aggregate with or without other
additives that do not reduce the quality of the concrete
brick. Concrete brick classification according to SNI
03-0691-1996, is Quality A, concrete brick is used for
roads. Quality B, concrete brick is used for the
parking lot. Quality C, concrete bricks are used for
pedestrians. Quality D, concrete bricks are used for
parks and other uses.
Table 1: Paving Specification according SNI 03-0691-1989
Quali
ty
Compressi
ve Strength
kg/cm
2
Abrasion
Resistance
mm/minute
Absorpti
on %
Avera
ge
Lowe
st
Avera
ge
Lowe
st
368
Jaya, I. and Rambe, A.
Analysis Comparison of Cost and Time of Concrete and Paving Block Jobs in the Implementation of Village Road Development using Village Fund Budget.
DOI: 10.5220/0010099403680374
In Proceedings of the International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramification Researches (ICOSTEERR 2018) - Research in Industry 4.0, pages
368-374
ISBN: 978-989-758-449-7
Copyright
c
 2020 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved

I
40
0
340 0.090 0.103 3
II
30
0
255 0.130 0.149 5
II
I
20
0
170 0.160 0.184 7
2.2 Paving Block for Rural Roads
Sharma, P. and Kumar, B.R. 2016, “Cement Concrete
Paver Block For Rural Roads”, TROI, Volume-3,
Issue-2, ISSN: 2393-8374. India.
Table 2: Dimensions and tolerance recommended for
paving blocks
.N
o
Dimensio
ns
Recomended
values
Tolerance limit
Thickn
ess
<100
mm
Thickn
ess
>100
mm
1 Width, W
To be specified
by
manufacturer
±2mm ±3mm
2 Length, L
To be specified
by
manufacturer
±2mm ±3mm
3
Thickness,
T
50 to 120 mm ±3mm ±4mm
4
Aspect
ratio (L/T)
Maximum 4.0 +0.2 +0.2
5
Arris/Cha
mfer
Minimum:5m
m
Maximum:7m
m
±1mm ±1mm
6
Thickness
of wearing
layer
Minimum:6m
m
+2mm +2mm
7
Plan Area,
Ast
Maximum:0.0
3mm
2
+0.001
m
2
+0.001
m
2
8
Wearing
face area,
Minimum 75%
of plan area
-1% -1%
9
Squarenes
s
Nil ±2mm ±3mm
Table 3: Value of paving blocks for traffic category
Grade
Design
ation of
Paver
Blocks
Specifie
d
Compre
ssive
Strengt
h of
Paver
Blocks
at 28
Traffi
c
Categ
ory
Recomm
ended
Minimu
m Paver
Block
Thicknes
s in mm
Traff
ic
Exa
mple
s
Appl
icati
on
Days
N/mm
2
M-30 30
Non
Traffi
c
50
Buil
ding
prem
ises,
mon
ume
nt
prem
ises,
lands
cape
s,
publi
c,
gard
en/pa
rks,
dom
estic
drive
rs,
paths
and
patio
s,
emba
nkm
ent
slope
s,
and
stabil
izati
on
area
etc.
M-35 35
Light
Traffi
c
60
Pede
stria
n
plaza
s,
shop
ping
com
plex
ramp
s, car
parks
,
offic
e
drive
ways
,
housi
Analysis Comparison of Cost and Time of Concrete and Paving Block Jobs in the Implementation of Village Road Development using
Village Fund Budget
369

ng
colo
nies,
offic
e
com
plexe
s,
rural
roads
with
low
volu
me
traffi
c,
farm
hous
es,
beac
h
sites,
touri
st
resor
t
local
auth
ority
foot
ways
,
resid
entia
l
3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Direct Observation
The research used was a field study/ direct
observation.
3.2 Collecting Secondary Data
Collecting secondary data such as wage and basic
material standards and budget of village fund for
concrete road works, in year 2017 and 2018.
3.3 Collecting Primary Data
Collecting primary data such as survey of paving
block prices, survey of basic wage and material
prices, coredrill work, concrete quality testing and
paving blocks, mix design paving block of K-350.
4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Material and Wage Standard Unit
Price
Table 4: Material and wage standard unit price
Description Unit 2018 2017
Portland
cement
kg 1485 1438
Sand m
3
63525 53763
Fine aggregate kg 42 33
Split size 2-
3cm
m
3
490875
39050
0
Gravel (Max
.30mm)
kg 320 255
Split size 0,5-
1cm
m
3
508200
39050
0
Paving Blok
thickness 6 cm
pcs 1600
15
00
Worker man day 90000
86
25
0
Bricklayer
man day 120000
11
50
00
Head man day 130000
12
65
00
Foreman man day 135000
13
22
50
Price of paving block with thickness 6 cm was
IDR.1600 in 2018.
4.2 Budget of Village Fund Concrete
Road Works
Table 5: In Year 2017
Locati
on
Lengt
h (m)
Wid
e
(m)
Thickne
ss (cm)
Budget
(Rp)
Cost
/m
2
(Rp)
I 160 2.3 15
954920
00
25948
9
ICOSTEERR 2018 - International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramification Researches
370

II 105 2.3 15
647230
00
26800
4
III 100 2.0 15
673000
00
33650
0
IV 100 2.0 15
673000
00
33650
0
V 150 1.0 15
540160
00
36010
7
Cost average /m2 for five location was IDR.312120
in 2017.
Table 6: In Year 2018
Locati
on
Leng
th
(m)
Wi
de
(m)
Thic
kness
(cm)
Budget
(Rp)
Cos
t
/m
2
(Rp
)
I 175 2.0 15
974315
00
278
376
II 425 2.0 15
253664
000
298
428
III 50 2.0 15
297830
00
297
830
IV 215 2.0 15
130722
000
304
005
V 100 1.5 15
405130
00
270
087
Cost average /m2 for five location was IDR.289745
in 2018.
4.3 Direct Survey in the Field
Based on direct surveys in the field in 2018, the price
of 1 block paving with a size of 21x10.5x6cm in 3
locations in a row is in IDR.1200; IDR.1400;
IDR1500, and Wage of worker was IDR.90000/day,
Sand was IDR.50000/m
3
, Portland cement was
IDR.52000/zak 40 kg, Split size 0,5-1cm was
IDR.280/kg.
4.4 Unit Price of Work Refers SNI
2013
Table 7: Unit Price of Concrete Work K-350
Description Unit Coefficient
Worker man day 2.100
Bricklayer
man day 0.350
Head man day 0.035
Foreman man day 0.105
Portland cement kg 448.0
Fine aggregate kg 667.0
Gravel (Max .30mm) kg 1000.0
Water liter 215.0
Table 8: Unit Price of Paving Block Work Size of
21x10,5x6cm
Description Unit Coefficient
Bricklayer man day 0.250
Head man day 0.025
Worker man day 0.500
Foreman man day 0.025
Paving block Pcs 45.00
Sand m
3
0.050
4.5 Unit Price in 1 m
2
of Work
Table 9: Unit price of 1 m
2
Concrete K-350 with thickness
15 cm, In 2017
Description Unit
Coeffic
ient
Basi
c
price
Am
oun
t
Worker
man
day
2.1
8625
0
181
125
Bricklayer
man
day
0.35
1150
00
402
50
Head
man
day
0.035
1265
00
442
8
Foreman
man
day
0.105
1322
50
138
86
Portland
cement
kg 448 1438
644
000
Fine aggregate kg 667 33
217
13
Gravel (Max
.30mm)
kg 1000 255
254
620
Table 9 shown that unit price of 1 m
2
Concrete K-350
with 15cm thickness, it was IDR.174003
Table 10: Unit price of 1 m
2
Paving block Size of
21x10,5x6cm, In 2017
Description Unit
Coefficie
nt
Basic
price
Amou
nt
Bricklayer
man
day
0.25
11500
0
28750
Head
man
day
0.025
12650
0
3163
Worker
man
day
0.5 86250 43125
Foreman
man
day
0.025
13225
0
3306
Analysis Comparison of Cost and Time of Concrete and Paving Block Jobs in the Implementation of Village Road Development using
Village Fund Budget
371

Paving
block
pcs 45.0 1500 67500
Sand m
3
0.05 53763 2688
Table 10 shown that unit price of 1 m
2
Paving block
Size of 21x10,5x6cm, it was IDR. 148532
Table 11: Unit price of 1 m
2
Concrete K-350 with thickness
15 cm, In 2018
Description Unit
Coeffic
ient
Basi
c
price
A
m
ou
nt
Worker
man
day
2.1
9000
0
18
90
00
Bricklayer
man
day
0.35
1200
00
42
00
0
Head
man
day
0.035
1300
00
45
50
Foreman
man
day
0.105
1350
00
14
17
5
Portland
cement
Kg 448 1485
66
52
80
Fine aggregate Kg 667 42.0
28
22
2
Gravel (Max
.30mm)
Kg 1000 320
32
00
69
Table 11 shown that unit price of 1 m
2
Concrete K-
350 with 15cm thickness, it was IDR. 189494
Table 12: Unit price of 1 m
2
Paving block Size of
21x10,5x6cm, In 2018
Descriptio
n
Unit
Coefficie
nt
Basic
price
A
mo
unt
Bricklayer
man
day
0.25
1200
00
30
00
0
Head
man
day
0.025
1300
00
32
50
Worker
man
day
0.5
9000
0
45
00
0
Foreman
man
day
0.025
1350
00
33
75
Paving
block
pcs 45.0 1600
72
00
0
Sand m
3
0.05
6352
5
31
76
Table 12 shown that unit price of 1 m
2
Paving block
Size of 21x10,5x6cm, it was IDR.156801
4.6 Comparison of the Unit Price of
1 M
2
Village Fund Budget for
Concrete Roads with Paving Block
Table 13: Comparison of the unit price of 1 m2 Village
Fund Budget for concrete roads with Paving Block
Village Fund
Budget
SNI 2013
Concrete K-
350
SNI 2013
Paving block
Concrete
thickness 15cm
Concrete
thickness 15cm
Size of
.21x10,5x6 cm
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
31212
0
28974
5
1740
03
1894
94
1485
32
1568
01
Table 13 shown that price of paving block is 2 times
cheaper than concrete material.
4.7 Quality Testing on the Road That
Exists and in Paving Blocks on the
Market
Table 14: Average Strength of coredrill On Existing Road
Location-1 : Length 150 m,
Wide 1 m
105,58 kg/cm
2
Location-2 : Length 100 m,
Wide 2 m
112,01 kg/cm
2
Location-3 : Length 100 m,
Wide 2 m
109,36 kg/cm
2
Location-4 : Length 105 m,
Wide 2,3 m
118,45 kg/cm
2
Location-5 : Length 160 m,
Wide 2,3 m
119,58 kg/cm
2
Table 15: Average Strength of Paving Blocks On The
Market
Location-1 151,0 kg/cm
2
Location-2 156,9 kg/cm
2
Location-3 153,9 kg/cm
2
Location-4 148,0 kg/cm
2
Location-5 152,9 kg/cm
2
Coredrill is carried out on a concrete road in the 2017
budget year. It aims to find out the quality installed.
From the table 14 and tabel 15 shows that the quality
of the concrete road is installed under the quality of
ICOSTEERR 2018 - International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramification Researches
372

the paving block on the market. This shows that poor
supervision of concrete road works.
4.8 Recommendations for Composition
of Paving Block Refers to the
Requirements of SNI 03-0691-1996
Paving block is used for roads in accordance with the
requirements of SNI 03-0691-1996 are using K.350,
Water absorption from testing on average 3 units of
paving blocks should not exceed 6%.
Mix design is a way to get the composition as required
by SNI 03-0691-1996.
In the table below we show the results of the paving
block Mix design K-350.
Table 16: Recommendations for composition of paving
block
Qualit
y
Paving Block Composition (kg/m
3
)
Cemen
t
Sand
Coarse
Aggregate
W
at
er
K-350 303.2
873.
2
1046.5
98
.9
Table 17: Strength of Paving Blocks Mix Design K-350
Sample -1 360,20 kg/cm
2
Sample -2 365,12 kg/cm
2
Sample -3 362,17 kg/cm
2
Sample -4 364,14 kg/cm
2
Sample -5 370,04 kg/cm
2
4.9 The Cost of 1 Paving Block Size of
21x10,5x6 cm Refers to the
Requirements of SNI 03-0691-1996
Table 18: Cost of 1 Paving block Size of 21x10,5x6 cm K-
350
Cement 303.2 g
148
5
4501
89
Sand 873.2 g 42.0
3694
6
Coarse Aggregate 1046.5 g 320
3349
39
Water 98.9 --
Cost of 1 m
3
8220
74
Volume of 1 Paving block Size of.21x10,5x6
cm
0.001
32
Number of paving blocks in 1 m
3
756
Cost of material in 1 paving block Size
of.21x10,5x6 cm
1088
1 Worker in a day can produce paving block 500
Cost of worker in 1 day
9000
0
Cost of worker can produce 1 paving block 180
The Cost of 1 Paving block Size of 21x10,5x6
K-350
1268
The table above shows that self-produced paving
blocks are cheaper than the price of paving blocks in
the market.
5 CONCLUSION
1. Paving block is 2 times cheaper than concrete
material.
2. Concrete material is 4 times faster than paving
blocks.
3. The concrete road is suitable to be applied to road
conditions with hilly geographical contour, with
road slope above 10%.
4. Roads with paving blocks are suitable to be
applied to road conditions with flat geographical
contours, with slopes below 10%.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The research is funded by the with university funding
sources (USU Non-PNBP - TALENTA) in 2018.
REFERENCES
Anonim. 2003, “Perencanaan Perkerasan Jalan Beton
Semen”, Pd. T-14-2003, Departemen Pemukiman dan
Prasarana Wilaya, Jakarta.
Anonim, 1996, “Bata Beton (Paving Block)”, SNI 03-0691-
1996, Badan Standarisasi Nasional, Jakarta
Anonim, 1995, “Petunjuk Perencanaan Teknis Jalan Desa”,
No. 007/T/Bt/1995, Direktori Jendral Bina Marga,
Jakarta.
Erwin, R. 2009. “Teknologi Pembuatan Paving Block
Dengan Material FCA (Fine Coarse Aggregate)”,
GAMMA, Volume IV. Malang.
Hulu, Y., Hamdani, H.R. dan Arif, N.M. 2018,
“Pengelolaan Dana Desa dalam Pemberdayaan
Masyarakat Desa”, Jurnal, Pendidikan Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial
USU.
Irawan, A. 2016, “Perencanaan Infrastruktur Jalan
Perdesaan Potensial Kabupaten Lebak Provinsi
Banten” Universitas 17 Agustus 1945, Jakarta.
Analysis Comparison of Cost and Time of Concrete and Paving Block Jobs in the Implementation of Village Road Development using
Village Fund Budget
373

James, E. Dan Prakash, B. 2014, “Permeable Concrete
Block Paving Applications In The United Arab
Emirates”, International Journal Of Engineering Trends
And Technology (IJETT) –Volume 16 Number 5,
ISSN:2231-5381, Dubai.
Mantasa, _______, ”Evaluasi Tebal Perkerasan Beton
Semen Dan Rencana Anggaran Biaya Pada Ruas Jalan
KM. 38 Samboja Ke Sepaku”.
Puwarno, Dan Yulita, A.P. 2008, “Testing Of Concrete
Paving Blocks The BS EN 1338:2003 British And
European Standard Code”, Teknik – Vol. 29 No. 2,
ISSN 0852-1697. Semarang.
Rozi, K., Hamzah, H.M. dan Saifoe, E.U. _______.
”Analisa Perbandingan Metode SNI dan Software MS.
Projek Dalam Perhitungan Harga Satuan Pekerjaan
Penutup Lantai Dan Dinding Serta Pemasagan Paving
Block Untuk Konstruksi Bangunan”, Jurnal,
Universitas Brimajaya, Malang.
Sharma, P. Dan Kumar, B.R. 2016, “Cement Concrete
Paver Block For Rural Roads”, TROI, Volume-3,
Issue-2, ISSN: 2393-8374. India.
Sudarsana, D.K. 2008, “Pengendalian Biaya Dan Jadual
Terpadu Pada Proyek Konstruksi”, Jurnal Teknik Sipil
Vol. 12, No 2, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar.
Wangsadinata, W., Indra, T.A.R., dan Najid. 2014,
“Pemilihan Jenis Perkerasan Jalan Kabupaten
Berdasarkan Kondisi Ekonomi Daerah”, The 17
th
FSTPT Internation Symposium, Jember University.
ICOSTEERR 2018 - International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramification Researches
374