The Effect of Ameliorant and Bacteria Reducing Sulfate on Plant

Growth in Acid Sulphate Land

Asmarlaili Sahar

, Diana Sofia Hanafiah

and Muhdi

Faculty of Agriculture, Universities Sumatera Utara, Medan 20154, Indonesia

Faculty of Forestry, Universities Sumatera Utara, Medan 20154, Indonesia

Keywords: Ameliorant, Chemical Fertilizer, Sulphate Reducing Bacteria, Sulphate Soil Productivity.

Abstract: Provision of organic matter, ameliorant and fertilizer is an important factor for improving sulphate soil

productivity. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of ameliorant, chemical fertilizer and sulfate

reducing bacteria on acid sulphate soil to palm plant growth. This research has been conducted in greenhouse

and Soil Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatera Utara Medan with 32 meter

above sea level. The materials used in this research are D x P palm oil seedlings with 3 month age as objects

to be observed. This research uses Randomized Block Design method. If the results of the analysis of variance

showed a significant effect then it will be continued with the average difference test based on Duncan Multiple

Range Test at α 5% level. All BPS-driven interactions increase the growth of trunk diameter except interaction

with lime amendments. This is because lime treatment can increase the pH because it interacts with sulphate

and forms gypsum, while sulphate is also a source of food for the BPS itself, which causes BPS treatment to

be ineffective.

1 INTRODUCTION

Climate change is causing several threats in

agriculture to increase plant production. There are

several factors affected schedules and cropping

pattern cause by climate change such as the increase

of pest and plant diseases , genetic variability and

marginal land. Giving ameliorant and fertilizer is an

important factor to improve the productivity of acid

sulphate soil. Several research results showed that

dolomite administration equivalent to Aluminum

13.7% saturation could increase production of

Anjasmoro soybean varieties.

Provision of organic matter, ameliorant and

fertilizer is an important factor for improving sulphate

soil productivity. Several research results indicate

that the administration of organic materials

accompanied by N, P, K fertilizers can increase plant

growth and crop production in sulfate swamp land.

On sulphate sulphate land that has been planted

like palm oil plantation PT Mapoli Raya, to overcome

the problem of sulfate oxidation conducted

inundation in periodic with Fauzi Yusuf (staff leader

of PT Mapoli Raya). However, according to the

results of some researchers' research, on sulphate

sulphate fields that have been oxidized and if re-

infiltrated, the speed of sulfate reduction by BPS

natively runs slowly due to low organic matter

content resulting in less well-developed anaerobic

bacteria.

The oxidation & reduction conditions in acid

sulfuric soils greatly affect the activity and population

of microbes that play a role in the oxidation process

and reduction of sulfate compounds as well as other

microbial populations and activities on the soil. To

what extent are the chemical and population changes

of soil microbes due to the influence of groundwater

levels on acid sulphate soils planted with oil palm will

be studied in this study.

The purpose of this study was to study the effect

of ameliorant, chemical fertilizer and sulfate reducing

bacteria on acid sulphate soil to palm plant growth.

2 METHODS

This research has been conducted in greenhouse and

Soil Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture,

University of Sumatera Utara Medan with 32 meter

above sea level. The materials used in this research

are DXP palm oil seedlings with 3 month age as

objects to be observed, acid sulphate from PT Mopoli

Raya Kebun Payarambe II as planting medium,

110

Sahar, A., Hanifah, D. and Muhdi, .

The Effect of Ameliorant and Bacteria Reducing Sulfate on Plan Growth in Acid Sulphate Land.

DOI: 10.5220/0010099201100113

In Proceedings of the International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches (ICOSTEERR 2018) - Research in Industry 4.0, pages

110-113

ISBN: 978-989-758-449-7

(CaMg (CO

)

) as Al setters, polybags the equivalent

of 10 kg of soil as soil container, pesticide as

controlling plant pest organism, NPK 15:15:15 as

nutrient additive, sulfate reducing bacteria isolate

from sludge paper waste Toba Pulp Lestari with code

4 as sulphate reducing agent, palm empty fruit bunch

compost from PT. Socfindo as land amendment

material, chemicals for the manufacture of media

(posgate-E) as well as other materials used in this

experiment.

This research uses Randomized Block Design

method. If the results of the analysis of variance

showed a significant effect then it will be continued

with the average difference test based on Duncan

Multiple Range Test test at α 5% level.

Soil pH measurements were made at the time after

incubation of dolomite lime and inoculum of sulfate

reducing compound bacteria. The method used is

electrometry method with the ratio of soil and water

1: 2,5.

Plant height is measured by calculating the plant

height increase in every two weeks observation for up

to 4 months by making a marker which is the standard

starting point for measuring plant height by using

meter gauge.

Plant stem diameter was measured by calculating

the increase of plant diameter in every two weeks of

observation up to 4 months by making a marker for

the stem diameter data retrieval done on the same

stem using a digital thrust tool.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

From observation for ten weeks after planting, it is

known that the influence of each factor of amendment

material, chemical fertilizer, and sulfate reducing

bacteria all interaction of two factors or from three

factors consistently has no significant effect on the

vegetative variables of oil palm, namely the

parameters of plant height and stem diameter at the

age of 10 weeks after planting.

Plant High Increase

Amending substances, chemical fertilizers, and

sulfate reducing bacteria at week 10 did not

significantly affect plant growth. The highest increase

of plant height was found in A2P1B0 treatment and

the lowest was in A0P0B0 treatment.

In Table 1 it can be seen that the best treatment at

week 14 was A2P1B0, in which palm oil treatment

was treated with lime and chemical fertilizers. This is

because ameliorant is able to increase pH in acid

sulphate soil, which makes sulfate form gypsum

deposits and chemical fertilizers are well absorbed by

plants because soil pH has increased.

Resulted in this research indicated that single

factor treatment of ammendment materials,

calcification is always the best treatment every week,

compared with no amendment or compost, but at

week 14 the best compost treatment is obtained.

Compost has slow release properties and is capable of

chelating Al but the lime reaction is much faster than

Compost this is what causes liming much better every

week.

The interaction between ammonia and sulfate

reducing bacteria (BPS) shows that bacteria would be

better given in anaerobic state by inoculation with

bacteria, interaction between compost and BPS that

can increase the height of oil palm crop, interaction

others indicated that treatment without BPS was

better than bacteria at age 10 weeks after the main

nursery. In the context of sour soil sulfate, composts

can maintain a reduction atmosphere, and organic

matter provides energy for growth and organic matter

provides carbon as an energy source.

Stem diameter increase

Amending substances, chemical fertilizers, and

sulfate reducing bacteria at week 10 did not

significantly affect plant stem diameter. The highest

Table 1. Increases stem height fourteen weeks after application of dolomite, chemical fertilizer and sulphate reducing

composite bacterial inoculum.

Triatment

P0 (with out fertilizer)

P1 (NPK fertilizer 100kg/ha)

B0 (with out

BRS)

(BRS)

B0 (with

out BRS)

(BRS)

Aver

age

---------------------------------cm--------------------------------

A0 (with out amandement)

22.18

32.12

30.40

24.88

27.40

A1 (Composs of TKKS 30

ton/ha)

31.43

29.73

24.55

30.85

29.14

A2 (Kapur 1 x aldd)

29.70

24.30

32.95

28.57

28.88

Sub Average

27.77

28.72

29.30

28.10

Average

28.24

28.70

The Effect of Ameliorant and Bacteria Reducing Sulfate on Plan Growth in Acid Sulphate Land

111

Table 2. Increases stem diameter fourteen weeks after application of dolomite lime, chemical fertilizer and sulphate reducing

composite bacterial inoculum.

Triatment

P0 (with out fertilizer)

P1 (NPK fertilizer

100kg/ha)

Rataa

Aver

age

B0 (with out

BRS)

(BRS)

B0 (with out

BRS)

(BRS)

---------------------------------mm--------------------------------

A0 (with out amandement)

18.20

21.60

20.23

20.90

20.23

A1 (Composs of TKKS 30

ton/ha)

20.37

21.59

18.56

20.38

20.22

A2 (Kapur 1 x aldd)

19.76

18.34

22.66

19.78

20.13

Sub Average

19.44

20.51

20.48

20.35

Average

19.98

20.42

plant stem diameter was found in A1P1B0

treatment and the lowest was in A0P0B0 treatment.

The Table 2 showed that one of the best

treatments is A0P0B1, which is very contradictory to

the opinion of which states that this sulphate reducing

bacteria is anaerobic obligate, which is only able to

live and thrive in anaerobic atmosphere. Therefore it

is found that the sulphate reducing bacteria used to

live despite the aerobic conditions in this research.

This is also supported by the literature of stating that

within a few decades some sulphate reducing bacteria

have evolved, which are now some of these bacteria

capable of living in oxidation state and may even be

oxygenated

Table 3 it was found that at week 14 some of the

best treatments were A2P1B0, A0P0B1, A1P0B1,

A1P1B1 respectively although statistically not

significant. This shows that the BPS treatment is

superior to other treatments to increase stem diameter

increase. This research indicated that at week 2 to

week 6 does not appear to change when added to BPS

but at week 8 it is found that BPS treatment can

increase the growth of stem diameter better.

According, this is because BPS can reduce sulfate and

decrease sulfate concentration will increase soil pH.

In the forests, reducing soil can reduce cutting cycle

and increase biologically productive and sustainable.

The interaction between the amendment material

and the stem diameter at week 14 below shows that

all BPS-driven interactions increase the growth of

stem diameter except interaction with lime

amendments. This is because lime treatment can

increase the pH because it interacts with sulfate and

forms gypsum, while sulfate is also a source of food

for the BPS itself, which causes BPS treatment to be

ineffective.

4 CONCLUSION

All BPS-driven interactions increase the growth of

trunk diameter except interaction with lime

amendments. This is because lime treatment can

increase the pH because it interacts with sulfate and

forms gypsum, while sulfate is also a source of food

for the BPS itself, which causes BPS treatment to be

ineffective.

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