Technological Engineering to Improve the Growth of Soybean

(Glycine Max (L.) Merril) under Dry Land Condition

Yaya Hasanah

, Hamidah Hanum

, Ahmad Sandi Hidayat

Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Prof. A. Sofyan No. 3 Kampus USU, Padang Bulan Medan 20155,

Indonesia

Keywords: Technological Engineering, Soybean, Growth, Dry Land.

Abstract: Soybeans are one of the legumes of food and protein sources that are very beneficial for humans. Until now,

certain soybean cultivars have not been found that have optimal technology package to increase the soybean

growth under dry land condition. The study aims to identify technology engineering strategies in increasing

soybean growth under dry land condition. Experimental design was a randomized block design with 2 factors

and 3 replications. The first factor was soybean varieties (Demas, Anjasmoro, Dering, Devon). The second

factor was application technology consisted of P

, P

and P

. The result showed that Anjasmoro variety had

higher plant height 2-3 WAP than Dering, Demas and Devon, while Dering variety had higher shoot and root

dry weight than other varieties. The application of technology package P

and P

increased the plant height.

The application of technology package P

and P

on Anjasmoro or Dering variety increased the plant height

2-3 WAP, while the application of technology package P

on Dering variety increased the shoot and root dry

weight.

1 INTRODUCTION

Soybean are one of the legumes of food and protein

sources that are very beneficial for humans. In

addition, isoflavones which are the main secondary

metabolites in soybeans are very beneficial for human

health. Soy isoflavones were demonstrated to possess

numerous biological functions, such as antioxidant

(Kao and Chen, 2006), inhibitory on cancer cell

proliferation (Kao et al., 2007), anti-inflammatory

(Kao et al., 2003) and preventive of coronary heart

disease (Dalais et al., 2003) and osteoporosis

(Migliaccio and Anderson, 2003).

Soybean production in Indonesia until 2017 is still

lack of production 1.5 million tons, this production

shortage is overcome by the supply of imports. The

Ministry of Agriculture began to stimulate soybean

production to achieve the self-sufficiency target in

2018, through the addition of planting area and

gradually reducing soybean imports. In 2017 a new

planted area expansion of 500,000 ha was established

in 20 provinces, namely Sumatra 153,000 ha, Java

130,000 ha, Kalimantan 27,000 ha, Sulawesi 110,000

ha, and Nusa Tenggara Barat and Nusa Tenggara

Timur 80,000 ha using dry land, ex-mining land,

plantations have not produced, fallow land, idle land,

tidal land, and the former development of new corn

planting areas. Farmer's community soybean planting

area of 300,000 ha. Planting on new planting areas

and productivity of 1.5 tons per ha, will encourage an

increase in production of 2.9 million tons. While the

total national soybean demand is 2.4 million tons. The

average national soybean production is 800,000 - 1

million tons per year. The shortage was filled with

soybean imports from the United States (Alfi, 2017)

In line with the program of the Government in the

development of dry land as one of the areas to

improve the national soybean production, hence the

need for a concerted effort to increase the production

of soybean under dry land condition-based on the

characteristics of dry land. Dry land is a sub optimal

land that can be develop as farmland, but has several

problems such as low soil fertility, soil reacting acid,

content of Al, Fe and Mn are high and poor macro-

nutrient and organic matter.

Based on the above background, the study aimed

to identify technology engineering strategies in

increasing soybean growth under dry land condition.

Therefore, it is necessary to have soybean

varieties that have high adaptability under dry land

conditions. Until now, certain soybean cultivars have

not been found that have optimal photosynthetic

distribution patterns that can provide high

productivity under dry land condition. The agronomic

106

Hasanah, Y., Hanum, H. and Hidayat, A.

Technological Engineering to Improve the Growth of Soybean (Glycine Max (L.) Merril) under Dry Land Condition.

DOI: 10.5220/0010099101060109

In Proceedings of the International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches (ICOSTEERR 2018) - Research in Industry 4.0, pages

106-109

ISBN: 978-989-758-449-7

characteristics of each cultivar including its

interaction with the environment, especially its

relation to photoperiod, and other climates must be

the main concern.

Based on the above background, the study aims to

identify technology engineering strategies in

increasing soybean growth under dry land condition.

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1 Study Area

The field experiment was conducted at the

community land of soybean production centre at

Tanjung Jati, Binjai (Indonesia). The field experiment

was conducted at the community land of soybean

production center at Tanjung Jati, Binjai (Indonesia)

with altitude 35 m above sea level. The climate

characteristic of the dry land are the average rainfall

of monthly is 170.67 mm, temperature average

monthly is 27.6

C, temperature minimum monthly is

21.6

C and temperature maximum monthly is 32.5

C. The soil characteristic are content of N 0.19%, P

total 0.13%, K total 0.13% and pH 5.12.

2.2 Procedures

Treatments were arranged in a Randomized Block

Design with two factors and three replications. The

first factor was soybean varieties (V1 = Anjasmoro,

V2 = Dering, V3 = Demas and V4 = Devon). The

second factor was application of technology package

as shown in Table 1.

Table 1: Technology package of soybean cultivation under

dry land condition

Technology

package of

soybean

cultivation

Input

Package 1

Fertilizer (Urea 25 kg/ha), inoculant

japonicum 200 g/40 kg of seed, SP-36

100 kg/ha, KCl 50 kg/ha, spacing 40 c

x 20 cm, dolomite 500 kg/ha, farmyar

manure 2 ton/ha, maximum tillage,

antioxidant ascorbic acid 100 ppm.

Package 2

Fertilizer (Urea 25 kg/ha), inoculant

japonicum 200 g/40 kg of seed, SP-36

150 kg/ha, KCl 100 kg/ha, spacing 40

cm x 20 cm, dolomite 1.000 kg/ha,

farmyard manure 2 ton/ha, maximu

tillage, antioxidant ascorbic acid 200

ppm

Package 3

Fertilizer (Urea 25 kg/ha), inoculant

japonicum 200 g/40 kg of seed, SP-36

250 kg/ha, KCl 150 kg/ha, spacing 40

cm x 20 cm, dolomite 1.000 kg/ha,

farmyard manure 5 ton/ha, maximu

tillage, antioxidant ascorbic acid 300

ppm

Soybean seeds that have been inoculated by

Bradyrhizobium japonicum are planted with plant

spacing 40 cm x 20 cm. Source of N, P and K fertilizer

are applied based on the treatment dose of technology

package cultivation (Table 1). Urea was given half

the dose of N fertilizer at planting time and the rest at

4 WAP. Weeding was done manually by removing

the weeds in accordance with the conditions of the

field. Parameters observed was plant height at 2-4

week after planting (WAP), shoot dry weight and root

dry weight.

2.3 Data Analysis

Data were subjected to analysis of variance

(ANOVA) for comparison of means. Means were

separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at the

0.05 probability level.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Plant Height

Based on Table 2. it can be seen that generally the

treatment of varieties, technology package and

interaction between them has significant effect on

plant height at 2 and 4 WAP, except the treatment of

technology package has not significant effect on plant

height 2 WAP.

Anjasmoro variety (V

) has the highest plant

height at 2-3 WAP. In this case, the genetic factors

cause differences as diverse as the appearance of

plant phenotypes by displaying special characteristics

and traits different from one another. This matter in

accordance with Gabesius et.al., (2017) and Hasanah

and Sembiring (2018), which stated that differences

genetic is a factor causes of diversity in plant

appearance. Genetic composition can differ between

seeds which comes from different plants, even from

the same plant. This matter proved that Anjasmoro

variety is superior in growth compared with other

varieties under dry land condition. Increased plant

growth soybean in Anjasmoro variety (V

) is

suspected because the variety are able to adapt well to

growth under dry land condition, so it can appear a

Technological Engineering to Improve the Growth of Soybean (Glycine Max (L.) Merril) under Dry Land Condition

107

good response to growth because the variety is

capable adapt to this environment. Difference

between characters owned by each variety caused by

the different genetic on each variety so show a

different response to environment and production

factors. Previously research by Soverda and

Hermawati (2009) and Mahdianoor et al. (2017),

stated the results of a plant is determined by factors

genetic which includes resistance to pests and

pathogens and dryness and properties hybrid plant.

Environmental factors include temperature,

availability of water, sunlight, soil structure and

composition, soil reaction as well as microorganisms.

The treatment of technology package P

and P

significantly increased the plant height 2-4 WAP than

. Interaction between variety Dering and

technology package P

increased the plant height 2

WAP, while interaction between variety Anjasmoro

and technology package P3 also increased the plant

height 2 and 3 WAP. This is suggested because

Anjasmoro and Dering have adapted under dry land

conditions, and the P

technology package provides

good input for plants by increasing phosphorus (P)

and potassium fertilizer and dolomite applications.

Based on the result of soil analysis before the

study found that pH of the soil is 5.12, therefore

liming application using dolomite increased the pH so

it suitable for soybean cultivation.

Soybean need P for growth throughout their life

cycle, especially during early stages of growth and

development. The primary of P compounds in plants

are to store and transfer energy that is produced

through the photosynthetic process to be used for

growth and reproduction (Xiurong W, X Yan, H Liao

2010).

Adequacy of K is useful in increasing growth of

soybean because K deficiency appears to limit plant

growth and root development by suppressing the

process of supply and transport of sugar, metabolites

and other minerals among plant organs more than

direct inhibition of carbon assimilation (Römheld and

Kirkby, 2010 ; Kanai et al., 2011 ; Singh and Reddy,

2014)

3.2 Shoot and Root Dry Weight

The result showed that Dering variety have

higher shoot and root dry weight than other

varieties. The application of technology package

P2 tend to increase the shoot and root dry weight

than other technology package. The combination

of Dering variety and technology package P

increased shoot and root dry weight. This

suggests that Dering variety has adapted under dry

land condition so that the dry weight of the shoot and

its roots increased. The height of shoot and root dry

weight in the Dering variety with P

application

showed that the technology input at P

such as

application of fertilizer (Urea 25 kg/ha), inoculant B.

japonicum 200 g/40 kg of seed, SP-36 100 kg/ha, KCl

50 kg/ha, spacing 40 cm x 20 cm, dolomite 500 kg/ha,

farmyard manure 2 ton/ha, maximum tillage,

antioxidant ascorbic acid 100 ppm was sufficient to

increase the shoot and root dry weight in the Dering

variety.

Table 2: Plant height 2-4 WAP of soybean varieties with

application of technology packages

Variety

Technology package

…………… cm

……………

Demas 9.26cd 9.20cd

9.29

9.2

Anjasmor

o 9.59bc 10.55a

9.99

10.

04a

Dering 9.68c 10.60a

9.28

9.8

5ab

Devon 8.08e 8.74de

9.17

8.6

Mean 9.15 9.77 9.43

Demas 13.02bc 12.54cde

12.9

12.

84b

Anjasmor

o 12.80cd 13.97a

13.6

13.

49a

Dering 12.52cde 13.57ab

12.8

0cd

12.

96a

Devon 10.20f 12.16ef

12.2

4de

11.

53c

Mean 12.14b 13.06a

12.9

Demas 20.02ab 19.40c

20.3

19.

92a

Anjasmor

o 19.71b 19.91ab

19.2

3cd

19.

62b

Dering 18.12g 18.90de

18.9

7cde

18.

66c

Devon 14.39h 18.58ef

18.2

2fg

17.

06d

Mean 18.06b 19.20a

19.1

Note: Different letter represent significant differences as

Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (p=0.05)

ICOSTEERR 2018 - International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches

108

Table 3: Shoot and root dry weight of soybean varieties

with application of technology packages

Variet

Technolo

acka

e Mean

………………… g

……………

Shoot dr

wei

Demas 3.73bc

5.14abc

3.77

4.21b

Anjas

moro 2.95c

2.80

3.10c

2.95c

Derin

6.96a 5.89ab

4.37

5.74a

Devon 3.81bc

4.38bc

4.08

4.09b

Mean 4.36 4.55 3.83

Root dry weight

Demas 0.60h 0.84

0.61

h 0.68c

Anjas

moro 0.70f 0.60h 0.71f 0.67

Dering 1.10a 1.01c

1.08

1.06a

Devon 0.78e 0.82

0.67

g 0.76b

Mean 0.79 0.82 0.77

Note: Different letter represent significant differences as

Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (p=0.05)

4 CONCLUSION

Anjasmoro variety had higher plant height 2-3 WAP

than Dering, Demas and Devon, while Dering variety

had higher shoot and root dry weight than other

varieties. The application of technology package P2

and P3 increased the plant height. The application of

technology package P2 and P3 on Anjasmoro or

Dering variety increased the plant height 2-3 WAP,

while the application of technology package P1 on

Dering variety increased the shoot and root dry

weight,

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors would like to thank Research Institution,

Universitas Sumatera Utara that have funded this

research in accordance with Research Contract

TALENTA Universitas Sumatera Utara, Fiscal Year

2018 Number: 2590 / UN5.I.R / PPM / 2018 dated

March 16, 2018.

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