Inventarization of Nematode-trapping Fungi in Terrestrial Area of

Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatera

Liana Dwi Sri Hastuti

, Kaniwa Berliani

and Miswar Budi Mulya

Keywords: Adhesive knob, Adhesive network, Biocontrol agent, Nematode-trapping fungi, Sprinkle method

Abstract: Nematode-trapping fungi have been isolated from terrestrial area of Deli Serdang regency, North Sumatera.

The inventory of fungi was conducted by examining 44 random soil samples in decay litter and organic waste

within 22 districts. Pour and sprinkle method were used to isolate nematode-trapping fungi from the soil.

Three species were identified based on morphological characteristics namely Dactylella sp., characterized by

the presence of adhesive knobs trapping organ; Arthrobotrys sp. and Monacrosporium sp., characterized by

the presence of adhesive network. One species without any trapping organ, also known as entomopathogen

was identified as Lecanicillium sp., and Trichoderma sp. known as opportunists.

1 INTRODUCTION

Plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) can cause severe

problems in agriculture field and yield loss more than

60% especially in susceptible plant each year in

Indonesia (Adnan, 1998). Disease control

management caused by PPN used to rely on chemical

pesticide that generally contain hazardous

compound. Without good managment control, the

pesticide contain chemical hazardous compound will

harm the environment. In order to diminish the

environmental damage, it is important to all expert in

biology and agriculture to seek for an alternate and

advance method which is enviromental friendly.

Nematode-trapping Fungi is well known to trap

and kill nematode worms in the soil with their

trapping organ (Swe, 2011). Their ability to trap and

kill nematodes in the soil is potential to be developed

as bio-control agent. Species diversity of NTF in

Indonesia has not yet been well studied.

Nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) belongs to

Orbiliaceae was first described by Nannfeldt in 1932

contains 288 species of fungi in 12 genera (Yu,

2011). Out of 288 species world wide, (Boedijn,

1929) reported one species namely Monacrosporium

megalosporum in North Sumatera, while Rifai and

Cooke (1965) found 2 species from genera

Dactylella in West Java. Subsequently, ( Hastuti,

2016) found 4 species Nematode-trapping fungi

(NTF) from North Sumatera in vegtable plant and

crop area (Hastuti, 2016).

The aim of this study was to explore and isolate

NTF and from Deli Serdang district, North Sumatera.

This study is highly beneficial to reduce the use of

conventional pesticide commonly used in Indonesia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Soil sample was collected by random sampling

method according to (Duddington, 1955) using

thrown 0.5 m quadrats. The quadrats size or plots

measuring 0.5 × 0.5 m are determined to be 0.25 m

from total area sampling and it should be covered 2%

of all total area sampling.

Soil was collected from decay litter and organic

garbage area. Soil was dug 10-15 cm depth by using

sterillized small shovel. In each location soil sample

was taken in 3 different plots. Soil samples were

homogenized in a sterile plastic bag. After being

homogenized, 100 gr of the soil sample was taken

and stored in refrigerator at 4°C.

(Larsen, 1994) method combined with sprinkle

method by (Eren, 1965) were used to isolate the

nematode-trapping fungi. One gram of soil sample

was sprinkled on top of the Chloramphenicol Water

Agar (CHF-WA) medium and stored in 20°C. Three

Hastuti, L., Berliani, K. and Mulya, M.

Inventarization of Nematode-trapping Fungi in Terrestrial Area of Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatera.

DOI: 10.5220/0010095010271030

In Proceedings of the International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches (ICOSTEERR 2018) - Research in Industry 4.0, pages

1027-1030

ISBN: 978-989-758-449-7

1027

days after incubation, approximately 500-1000

individu of free-living nematodes were transferred

into the plate as baits.

Free-living nematode isolated from Sumatera soil

was maintained in Nematode Growth Medium

(NGM). One-hundred microlitre of Escherichia coli

OP 50 was added to the NGM plate as food source

for nematode (Stiernagle, 2006), plates were also

supplied with 0.5 g peanut butter per litre media of

NGM (Mendoza, 1999).

The presence of NTF can be detected by

observing trapped nematodes under stereo-

compound microscope. Observation was carried out

each day for 3 months. Mycelium and conidia of

NTF was sub-cultured under microscope to Potato

Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium until single culture

was obtained. Identification and determination of

NTF was carried out by observing and comparing the

morphological characteristics to published

monographs and identification books.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Three species of NTF have been succesfully isolated

from 36 soil samples from 18 district in Deli Serdang,

North Sumatera. Species of NTF isolated in this study

can be seen in Table 1.

Table 1.

Code Isolate Tentative Name Substrates Colony Image

Locality

(District)

1 Sp.1 Serdang Arthrobotrys sp.

Soil

litter)

(Decay

 Pantai

Labu

 Patumba

 Lubuk

Paka

 STM Hili

 STM Hulu

 Batang

Kuis

 Sibiru-biru

2 Sp.2 Serdang

onacrosporium

sp. (Dactylella)

Soil

litter)

(Decay

 Patumbak

 Pantai

Labbu

 Namuramb

 STM Hulu

ICOSTEERR 2018 - International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches

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3 Sp.3 Serdang

Monacrosporium

eudermatum

Soil (Decay

litter)

 Patumbak

 Namuramb

 Pantai

Labu

 STM Hilir

Sp.4 Deli

Serdang

Dactylella

javanica

Soil (Decay

litter)

 Namuramb

5 Sp.5 Serdang Lecanicillium sp. Decay litter

 Pantai

Labu

6 Sp.6 Serdang Trichoderma sp. Decay litter

 Pantai

Labu

7 Sp.7 Serdang Penicillium sp. Decay litte

 Pantai

Labu

Inventarization of Nematode-trapping Fungi in Terrestrial Area of Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatera

1029

Six species isolated from several District of Deli

Serdang Regency were recorded. Four species were

identified as nematode-trapping fungi that belongs to

genera, Arthrobotrys, Monacrosporium and

Dactylella. Monacrosporium eudermatum,

Monacrosporium sp and Dactylella sp were

characterized by adhesive network trapping organ,

and Arthrobotrys sp was characterized with adhesive

knob. NTF isolated from Deli Serdang with adhesive

knob has not yet been found in previous research.

Previous research done by Hastuti (2016) found 4

species of NTF from Sumatera soil showed only

adhesive network trapping organ.

The two species of non nematode-trapping fungi

isolated in this study were identified as Trichoderma

sp, Penicillium sp and Lecanicillium sp. Penicillium

sp is well known as antagonist (John, 2011) and

Trichoderma sp as opportunist fungi for nematode.

Lecanicillium sp is well recorded as entomopathogen

for some Arthropoda such as Aphids (Aphidoidea)

and Thrips (Thysanoptera). To conclude, we found a

very low number of NTF species diversity in Deli

Serdang, North Sumatera, Indonesia.Recent research

by Hastuti (2016) also reported a very low number of

NTF from soil in crop plantation area in North

Sumatera. NTF is well known as temperate species;

they grow well in conditions where the soil

temperature is between 15-20°C (Drechsler, 1954).

Similar reserach done by John and Wright (2010) on

232 sampels soil from three climatic region in

Botswana showed seven isolates identified as

Trichoderma sp., Penicillium sp., Dendriphiopsis sp.,

Fusarium chlamydosporium, Cochliobolus sativus,

and Aspergillus fumigatus. Indonesia, including Deli

Serdang North Sumatera, has the temperature of 30

to 35°C in average, which could explain the less

diversity of NTF species in North Sumatera.

However, no scientific report stating the low number

of NTF species in Indonesia is due to the tropical

climate has been previously reported before, leaving

the precise reason unknown.

4 CONCLUSIONS

There are very little number of NTF species found in

Deli Serdang. Four species of NTF found in Deli

Serdang recorded as Arthrobotrys sp, Dactylella sp

and Monacrosporium sp. Adhesive knob trapping

device belongs to Arthrobotrys sp is new record.

Trichoderma sp as opportunistic fungi also identified

and Lecanicillium sp well known as entomopathogen

also identified.

The authors would like to express the highest

gratitude to Indonesia’s Ministry of Higher

Education, Research and Innovation, Direktorat Riset

dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (DRPM) year

2018 for funding this research under scheme of

Penelitian Dasar Unggulan Perguruan Tinggi with

contract Number: 45/UN5.2.3.1/PPM/KP-

DRPM/2018.

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