An Expert System to Detect Pediatric Skin Allergies

Dian Rachmawati

, Mohammad Andri Budiman

and Deryne Anggia Paramita

Program Studi S1 Ilmu Komputer, Fakultas Ilmu Komputer dan Teknologi Informasi, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl.

Alumni No 9-A, Medan 20155, Indonesia

Department of Dermato-venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia, Jl. Dr. T

Mansyur no. 5, Medan 20155, Indonesia

Keywords: Expert System, Pediatric, Skin, Allergies, Decision Table.

Abstract: Allergy is one of the many types of diseases found in children. Allergic disease can occur and can attack in all

parts of the body, but it also depends on the place where the allergic reaction may occur. Allergy is the

manifestation of hyper-responsive of the organs which affected by allergies, such as in the area of the skin.

Skin allergies in children can have an impact on children's health such as fever, itching, and rashes. During

this time a lay community always uses the services of a doctor to perform a skin allergy disease diagnosis in

children. To help communities lay in diagnosing and finding solutions for skin allergy disease in children,

therefore, this research will create a model based on knowledge representation, and expert mobile application

expert system which detects allergies the skin on the child while looking for a solution is healing based on

information and data provided by the user.

1 INTRODUCTION

The child is the most precious treasure for parents.

Children's health became the top priority for married

couples that have children. Allergy is one of the many

types of diseases found in children. Allergic disease

can occur and can attack in all parts of the body, but

it depends in the place where the allergic reaction may

occur. Allergy is the manifestation of hyper-

responsive of the organs affected by allergies, such as

in the area of the skin, nose, ears, lungs, or the

gastrointestinal tract. Allergies arising in the nose can

be caused by cold; Allergies arising in the lungs can

be in the form of asthma; Allergies arising in the skin

can be in the form of eczema, as well as atopic

dermatitis; While Allergies arising in the eyes that is

conjunctivitis. Allergy is the sensitivity of the body

against foreign matter that appears in the body. But

the reaction of every individual against allergies is

different; some individuals are more sensitive than

other individuals. Efforts to prevent allergy that is

exposed utilizing avoiding contact with the allergen.

(Pogacar, 2017).

Allergic diseases can arise at different ages,

such as children, often appears allergic eczema or

allergic to food. The other type of allergy is quite

popular attacking an individual, i.e., asthma and

frequently contracted this allergy is a child and adult.

This allergy disease that occurs in individuals who

have a tendency based on genetic factors, which are

inherited from the parent. When a parent suffers from

allergies, then it will likely decline to about 50%, but

if it was just one of those suffering from allergies, it

will most likely only 25% (Tüzün, 2015).

Allergy, especially in children, is a severe

problem that is experienced by the elderly. Older

people tend to panic and do not know what to do when

children are cranky, crying because of the case of

allergies. Allergy is a type of allergic reaction on the

skin most often experienced by small children. There

are several types of skin allergies are often

experienced as children from Atopic dermatitis,

Urticaria, Allergic contact dermatitis, Seborrheic

dermatitis, Diaper rash, etc. Lack of informed parents

about this type of allergy-causing incorrect handling

so that skin damage in children who are getting

worse, if not promptly sent to the doctor as soon as

possible. Therefore, in this study, the author will

create a knowledge representation model and

applications that can help parents to diagnose and

detect early skin allergies in children.

Rachmawati, D., Budiman, M. and Paramita, D.

An Expert System to Detect Pediatric Skin Allergies.

DOI: 10.5220/0010092619151918

In Proceedings of the International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches (ICOSTEERR 2018) - Research in Industry 4.0, pages

1915-1918

ISBN: 978-989-758-449-7

1915

2 METHOD

a. Expert system and Knowledge Base System

Expert System, i.e., information systems that

deal with problems real and complex which is

an interpretation of an expert. An expert system

is used to answer the question/suggestion, a

member's views and conclusions as an expert.

So the expert system is a computer program that

contains knowledge from one person more

expert about a specific field.

One of the important components in the

expert system is a Knowledge Base System

(Naser, 2016). Knowledge Base System (KBS)

is software that follows the way experts in

taking a decision. KBS aims to solve

complicated (complicated problems) and follow

the IF-THEN. (Expert System Design Shells)

(Durkin, 1990) (Ignizio, 1991)

KBS is composed of the user interface,

knowledge base and inference engine, (Expert

System Design Shells) (Dutta, 1997) (Giarranto,

2004) as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1: The main component of the Knowledge Base

System (Naser, 2016)

b. Pediatric Skin Allergies

Allergies occur when the body's immune system

reacts against the foreign object, which is

probably not harmful to others.

When the incoming foreign bodies, the

body produce antibodies so that foreign matter

does not cause disease. In people with allergies,

the antibodies produced despite the foreign

object was not dangerous. In the event of contact

with the allergen (allergy-causing materials), the

body will react by making the skin in flamed;

sinus disorders also cause respiratory, or

digestive.

Skin allergies can be caused by several

types of allergens, with different types of

symptoms. For example, atopic eczema, food

allergies, drug allergies, contact dermatitis and

allergy, cold allergic.

c. Decision Table

Decision tree classification method and

prediction are very powerful and famous. The

decision tree changes the fact becomes the

rules. The rules can be easily understood with

the natural language. And they can also be

expressed in the form of database languages

such as Structured Query language to find the

record at a specific category.

A decision tree is also useful for

exploring the data, find hidden relationships

among some candidate input variable with a

variable target. Process on the decision tree is

changing the shape of the data (table) to be a

model tree, change the model tree became the

rule, and to simplify the rule.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

In this study, after some survey of skin diseases in

children obtained the classification of some diseases

skin allergies in children are as follows:

a. Infantile Atopic Dermatitis (0-1)-atopy

Dermatitis often appears in the first year of life

and begins around the age of 2 months.

- This type is also called milk scale because

the lesion resembles the former milk.

- Lesions in the form of eritematosa plaque,

papulo-vesicles are delicate and became the

krusta due to scratching on the cheeks and

forehead.

- itching arising causes child becomes

restless, sleeplessness, and often cry.

- eksudatif, erosion Lesions, and secondary

infections can cause krusta and extend

generalisata and become chronic lesions and

residif.

b. Diaper Dermatitis

- Most common in babies, symptoms usually

begin at the age of 3 weeks early to 12

weeks. The highest frequency at the age of

9-12 months and 12-24 of the month

- Degeneration eritematosa, unbounded

firmly (following the form of the diapers out

of contact, mons pubis, scrotum, and lower

abdomen) accompanied papule, vesicle,

pustule, erosion, maceration, and ekskoriasi.

- in the further stage (chronic), more severe

clinical picture (Jacquet's dermatitis) can be

erosion, nodules, infiltrates and ulceration.

ICOSTEERR 2018 - International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches

1916

-When infected with Candida (usually to be

considered if more than three days), it

appears the plaque eritematosa (bright red),

more wet lesions accompanied by

maceration, unbounded firmly, at the edge

of the lesion their papule, pustule,

sometimes there are satellite lesions.

c. Allergic Contact Dermatitis

- Rare in children under the age of 2 years

because their immune systems are not yet

mature and rare at the age of puberty. May

develop due to several applications such as

Parabens, lanolin, neomycin, and an elastic

bandage around the diaper, or due to contact

with nickel and other metals in jewelry.

- The lesions are preceded by a form of

vesicles, which can then be ruptured and

became an eczematous feels itchy lesions.

The involvement of the regional flexural is

very important in diagnosis.

- A history of exposure to an allergen

exposure of location and the area is crucial.

d. Irritant Contact Dermatitis

- Usually caused by contact with materials

such as detergents, bleach, powder, SOAP or

baby products.

Irritant reactions frequently occur and are

reported on the soles of the feet due to the

use of footwear occlusive accompanied or

without a moist atmosphere.

- Lesions in the form of a glossy, fissure

hyperkeratosis on the plantar foot, nor could

be eczema vesicles that feel itching.

e. Seborrhoeic Dermatitis

- Seborrhoeic Dermatitis in infants often

occurs at the age 3-4 Sunday's early life or

the first three months. Often called cradle

cap.

- In children, who normally complain about

are the redness and yellowish scales on the

scalp, eyebrows, nasolabial folds,

postauricular, forehead, Chin, and chest

axial. Lesions rarely found areas of the

umbilicus, perineum, and anogenital

distance.

- Lesions in the form of plaque

eritematosaskuama with yellow or white

greasy and not itchy. Squama lesions in

children can be subtle, diffuse or thicken and

stick. It can also show lesions petaloid or

pitiriasiformis.

- In infants are generally temporary.

f. Urticaria

- a rash or skin lesions in the form of reddish

skin with Buran, i.e., a bony elevation or

unbounded firmly with a border of pale

accompanied with itching (pruritus)

moderate to heavy, poignant, and or the

sensation of hot like fire.

- Lesion of urticaria can appear on any part

of the body, including the face, lips, tongue,

throat, and ears.

- The diameter of the lesion can vary

- When the process is oedematous extending

into the dermis and/or subcutaneous and the

submucosa layer, then it is called

angioedema.

- Urticaria and angioedema can occur at any

location simultaneously or independently.

- Generally about Angioedema of the face or

part of a limb, may be accompanied by pain

but rarely pruritus, and can last up to several

days.

In data studies about the disease, prevention, and

therapy to be carried out are arranged in a decision

table. The decision table can be seen in table 1,

namely the classification of skin diseases in children.

In this example, data is used for children who are one

year old using some questions and the results of a Yes

or no answer.

Table 1: Decision Table of Pediatric Common Skin

Based on decision tables above then created

software with the display as follows in figure 2:

An Expert System to Detect Pediatric Skin Allergies

1917

Figure 2: Expert System of Pediatric Common Skin

Allergies

Of the 20 respondents who use the application,

80% were either helped by the existence of these

applications because they can detect allergic diseases

in children with early and obtain the solutions for

prevention and treatment. While 20% felt the

difficulty of using this application due to the

constrained language and many of the medical term.

4 CONCLUSIONS

The conclusions of this research are skin allergies in

childhood diseases can be classified into sections, i.e.,

Infantile Atopic Dermatitis, Diaper Dermatitis,

Allergic Contact Dermatitis, Irritant Contact

Dermatitis, Seborrhoeic Dermatitis, and Urticaria.

Symptoms – symptoms of skin allergies in children it

can be modeled in a decision table contains questions

Yes and no. Using the answers from the user and

inference techniques. The system gives the output

form of the name of the disease and its prevention and

cure ways. 80% of respondents helped by this

application.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We gratefully acknowledge that this research is

funded by Kemenristekdikti Republik Indonesia via

Lembaga Penelitian Universitas Sumatera Utara. The

support is under the research grant DRPM

Kemenristekdikti of the Year 2018 Contract Number:

236/UN5.2.3.1/PPM/KP-DRPM/2018.

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ICOSTEERR 2018 - International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches

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