Synchronization of Function Arrangements Related Institutions in

Supporting Flows of Export-import Goods in Belawan Ports

Hasim Purba

and Aflah

Faculty of Law, University of Sumatera Utara, Jalan Universitas Nomor 4, Medan, Indonesia

Keywords: Synchronization, function arrangements, related institutions.

Abstract: As an archipelagic country with 17,250 islands with two-thirds of its territory as a part of the oceans, then

the port has an critical and strategic role in supporting the economic development that functional to serve for

wharf, anchored, up and down passengers and/or loading and unloading in and out of goods from ports in

export-import activities. Noticed critical the port role as suggesting the smooth flow of import-export goods,

need to the synchronous regulation of the various related institutions operate in ports. The most important,

the things that manage the function of the various relevant agencies in ports such as Belawan is effective

coordination between institutions to secure the port of services including export and import goods flow to

runs well. Efficiently managed ports and quality services of all relevant agencies equipped with good

facilities will bring benefits and positive impacts such as profits as well as in trade and industry to foster not

only regional and national economic growth but also general society. Therefore, the Port of Belawan as an

international port should able to synchronize the service functions are carried out by various agencies, in

supporting the smooth flow of import-export goods.

1 INTRODUCTION

Port is a strategic installation that is needed in the

service of the flow of export-import goods. Ports as

an important means in supporting economic

development must be managed efficiently and

effectively, so that the existence of legal rules that

form the basis of port management must be available

according to what is needed in managing ports

professionally. The importance of the presence of

the rule of law in the field of port will be the basis

for all stake holders associated with port operations.

Given that there are various relevant agencies in

the port work environment, each of which has its

own duties and authorities in accordance with the

regulations that are the basis for the implementation

of the tasks of each agency, it is necessary to

synchronize each agency in order to avoid clash or

overlap in the exercise of authority which in turn can

result in less optimal quality of port services, or can

even complicate / inhibit the smooth flow of export-

import goods to and from ports such as the Belawan

port. Therefore, research on the synchronization of

the relationship management function between

relevant agencies in supporting the smooth flow of

export-import goods at the port is very important,

including at Belawan Port as one of the main ports

in Indonesia that serves goods transportation

internationally.

Research on this topic is also very urgent

because Belawan port as an international port, must

be able to support the economy through the

provision of excellent port services, in order to

increase the volume of export of goods to generate

foreign exchange. For this reason, the commitment

of all stakeholders must be ascertained whether all

relevant agencies have been able to carry out the

synchronization of their respective tasks and

functions in the port to support optimal performance

of the port.

As for the main issue in this report are, how is

the effectiveness of port law in supporting the

smooth flow of export-import goods in Belawan

Port, and how to synchronize the functions of each

of the relevant agencies in the Port in supporting the

smooth flow of export-import goods in Belawan

Port.

1594

Purba, H. and Aﬂah, .

Synchronization of Function Arrangements Related Institutions in Supporting Flows of Export-import Goods in Belawan Ports.

DOI: 10.5220/0010089915941600

In Proceedings of the International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches (ICOSTEERR 2018) - Research in Industry 4.0, pages

1594-1600

ISBN: 978-989-758-449-7

2 RESEARCH METHODS

This research was carried out in the work

environment of Belawan Port. As for the type of this

research is a joint study of document studies with

field studies. Data retrieval was carried out by

distributing quessioners and conducting interviews

with respondents related to service activities for the

smooth flow of export-import goods in Belawan

Port.

The data obtained, both from document studies

and field studies, are then processed and analyzed

and interpreted to be used as a basis for drawing

conclusions in this study.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

3.1 The Role of Ports in Supporting

Economic Activities

The port as a gateway to import-export goods has a

strategic role to support Indonesia's international

trade. The smooth flow of goods in and out of

export-import in the port's activities are the concern

of the government and business actors, to obtain

excellent service from all institutions involved in the

service of import-export goods through the port.

As known that the port is an area or working

environment where ships can dock safely and easily

also smoothly in the activities of loading and

unloading of goods, especially import-export goods.

This strategical position makes the port become

"terminal point" (Purba, 2005) for ships is a part of

the economic development system to support

develop industry, trade, and shipping.

The port is a place that consists of land and water

with certain limits as a place of government activity

and economic activity which used for ship to

leaning, anchored, and up and down passengers and

or loading and unloading of goods equipped with

safety facilities of shipping and passenger activities

ports and various intro and intermodal modes

(Soedjono, 1987) of transportation.

In general, ports have multiple functions not only

in the activity in and out of goods but also include

various functions such as (Salim, 1994) :

Interface, the Port as meeting place of two

modes/transportation system such as sea

transportation and land transportation. That means

that the port must give various facilities and services

needed for the transfer of goods from ships to land

transportation or vice versa;

Link, the port is the link of the transportation

system. As a chain, the port (both seen in

performance and cost) will affect the overall

transportation activities;

Gateway; the port function as a gate from a

country or region. The notion the port as a gateway

can show in terms; the Port as the entrance or the

exit of goods from/to the country or region. In this

case, the port functioned very importantly for the

economy of a country or region, the Port as

gateways of ships entrance shall obey the

constitution of the country/region to which the port

is located, namely the provisions of Customs,

Immigration, Quarantine, export-import regulations

and onwards;

Industry Entry; develope an export-oriented

industry from a country/region, the port function is

increasingly important

The port as a multifunctional facility and a

functioned that cannot separate from the activities

and economic development of a country/region.

Ports have a contribution to the economy of the

country. Two things that were contributed by the

port to increase the national economy are tangible or

intangible (Gultom, 2007). Tangible: taxes or

dividends that given from the Central Government

and region as income from various business types

carries out by society in the port (Gultom, 2007).

The intangible is the growth of other business in

hinterland areas caused by activity in the port and at

the turn will offer added value economically in the

area around the port (Gultom, 2007).

In addition to support the national economy, the

port also serves to support traffic and international

trade, then the port has the legal status of having the

deed with other countries for the country itself, the

traffic must be fluent (Purba, 2005). Therefore,

various support facilities to support port service

functions should also available, such as having a

warehouse; get docks, crane equipment, and other

facilities must be standards and support of good port

needs services. On the other hand, realize that the

role of a good port will support economic

development, regulatory aspects and terms of

delivery of service port should be concerned.

Regulation and formality of supply and delivery

services of the port should be simple and

uncomplicated, which can lead to delays service and

high economic costs. Commitment to offering good

services by the port is critical to streamlining the

port's act in supporting economic activities.

Synchronization of Function Arrangements Related Institutions in Supporting Flows of Export-import Goods in Belawan Ports

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3.2 Legal Basis for Port Management

in Indonesia

Since the time of Dutch East Indies regulation in the

field of the port has felt very important considering

that at that moment the port became the center of

trade and the outflow of goods transported between

countries and between regions. For the first time, the

seaport arrangements manage in Indische Scheep

Voortswet In The Year 1936 number 700. In the

Dutch East Indies sea transport activities had

strategic activities, so the function and role of the

port became an important factor in economic

activity;

Government Regulation Number 11 In The Year

1983 Concerning Port Development In the

regulation more emphasized the status, function, and

port guidance. In addition, the government

regulation is more strictly regulated on the alteration

of port services;

Government Regulation of the Republic of

Indonesia Number 23 of 1985 on Amendments to

Government Regulation Number 11 In The Year

1983 about Port Development. Through the

regulation, port guidance carries out in the

framework of arranging the functions and roles of

each related institution in the procurement and port

services;

Several subjects which become the perfection of

the port organization in government regulation such

as: view of the port administrator and the work units

within the department of communication and other

government agencies in the working environment of

the port, as well as their working arrangements, and

withdrawal of port charges and port services

generally.

From the arrangements made under the

government regulation, it intended that offer services

in the work environment of ports by government

agencies including port agencies can take place in an

integrated, fast and simple and does not cause a

high-cost burden.

Presidential Decree Number 46 In The Year

1986 about the Ratification of the International

Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From

Ships, 1973 and the Protocol In The Year 1978

Relating to the International Convention for the

Prevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973 (State

Institute In The Year 1986 Number 59);

The 1973 International Conference of pollution

has produced "International Convention for the

Prevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973" which

replaces the OilPOL Convention 54/69. The 1973

MARPOL Convention has further modified the 1978

protocol relating to it and endorsed by international

competence, 1978, MARPOL, 1978 is closely linked

and became a single instrument which was later

dissolved by MARPOL 73/78. Furthermore,

MARPOL 73/78 has been applying internationally

since October 2, 1983, the provisions in MARPOL

73/78 concerning reception facilities that state that

each participating country requires to take steps to

procure facilities at the port ports and terminals

enough to meet the needs of ships that need them.

Similarly set categories;

Law Number 21 In The Year 1992 about

Shipping, one of the substances of Law Constitution.

is to regulate port problems, namely Chapter VI

Article 21 to Article 34. It is important to regulate

the port issue in accordance with the provisions of

the law is to ensure the various activities in the

harbor conducted by various parties, in this case,

coördination need which includes government

activities and service activities;

Law Number 21 In The Year 1992 about

Shipping, one of the substances of Law Constitution.

is to regulate port problems, namely Chapter VI

Article 21 to Article 34. It is important to regulate

the port issue in accordance with the provisions of

the law is to ensure the various activities in the

harbor conducted by various parties, in this case,

coördination need which includes government

activities and service activities.

Government Regulation Number 70In The Year

1996, one of the Government Regulation of

implement Constitution 21 In The Year 1992 about

Shipping is Government Regulation Number 70 In

The Year 1996 of Port. Specifically, the regulation

governs the organization and governance of ports in

expediting the flow of goods and functions of

various related agencies at the port;

Government Regulation Number 69 In The Year

2001 on Ports.

Related to changes in local governance structures

through regional autonomy policy, the port

regulation must also synergize with the rules of

regional autonomy, then issued Government

Regulation Number 69 In The Year 2001 as a

substitute for Government Regulation Number 70 In

The Year 1996. Publication of Government

Regulation Number 69 In The Year 2001 that

intended to synergize with pass legislation Law

Number 22 In The Year 1999 about regional

government and Government Regulation Number 25

In The Year 2000 on Government Authority and

Provincial Authority as an autonomous region, so

that regulate port problems must also adjust to bring

autonomy laws and regulations in the area;

ICOSTEERR 2018 - International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches

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Law Number 17 In The Year 2008 on Shipping

is a law that intended to offer a strong legal

foundation and develop the maritime industry

including developing port functions and roles in

supporting economic development and other

development. Specifically, the port problem

regulated in articles 67 to 115 of Law Number 17 In

The Year 2008;

Government Regulation Number 61 In The Year

2009 about Port and Government Regulation

Number 64 In In The Year 2015 about Amendments

to Government Regulation Number 61 In The Year

2009 on Port; and regulation of the Minister of

Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia

Number: PM 51 In The Year 2015 on implement

Sea Port. This regulation essentially regulates bring

about activities at seaports used to serve sea

transportation.

3.3 Coordination of Relation of Related

Institution at Port

In carrying out activities at the port involves various

parties that can generally be grouped into 2 (two)

groups, namely the first institutional group of

government that has the duty and function of

offering services to all parties of port services users

both for passenger and freight transport for various

parties or institutions of business, port services users

both private and state-owned enterprises (SOEs).

The functions and roles of each agency operating in

a port environment generally have a legal basis in

question, in carrying out its duties and functions.

Port Authority.

As a legal basis, regulate port authority is,

constitution 17 In the Year2008 about Shipping,

government Regulation Number 61 In the Year 2009

about Port and c. Regulation of the Minister of

Transportation No. KM 63 In the Year 2010 on the

organization and Working Procedures of the Port

Authority Office.

The tasks and responsibilities of the port

authority are: provide land area and port waters;

provide and keep up wave retaining, harbor pool,

sailing, and road network; provide and keep up

navigational aids; ensuring port security and order;

ensuring and maintaining environmental

sustainability at the port; preparation of the port

master plan (RIP), and DLKN and DLKP; propose

tariffs to set by ministers; ensuring the smooth flow

of goods; conduct the activities of providing and/or

servicing port services required by service users who

have not provided by BUP.

The port authorities also an ability to: arranging

and supervising land use and land use at ports;

supervise the use of DLKN and DLKP; arranging

ship traffic in and out of harbor through ship guides;

and Establish operational performance standards for

port services.

Harbormaster; Regarding the main duties and

functions of harassment regulated in the Minister of

Transportation Regulation Repbulic of Indonesia:

PM 34 In The Year 2012 which essentially

determines that harbormaster has the task of carrying

out supervision and law enforcement in the field of

shipping safety and security, as well as coördination

of government activities in ports.

The function of harbormaster covers:

Implementation of supervision and fulfillment of

marine vessels, safety, security and order in the port

and issuance of sailing approval letters;

implementation of orderly supervision of ship traffic

in port waters and shipping lanes; implementation of

loading and unloading activities in port waters,

salvage activities, and underwater work, vessel

guidance and delays; implementation of supervision

of shipping safety and security related to activities of

loading and unloading dangerous goods, special

goods, hazardous and toxic waste materials (B3),

fuel filling, an order of passenger embarkation and

debarkation, construction of port facilities,

deployment and reclamation; implementation of

search and rescue assistance (Search and Rescue /

SAR), control and coördination of prevention of

pollution and fire suppression in ports and

supervision of the implementation of maritime

environmental protection; implementation of ship

accident inspection; implementation of law

enforcement in the field of shipping safety and

security; implementation of coördination of

government activities in ports related to bringing

supervision and law enforcement in the field of

shipping safety and security; and implementation of

managing administrative affairs, staffing, finance,

law and public relations.

Customs and Excise.

Customs is a government institution under a

finance ministry organized tally established by the

Directorate General of Customs and Excise led by

the Director General of Customs and Excise. The

Directorate General of Customs and Excise has the

task of organizing the formulation and

implementation of policies in the field of

supervision, law enforcement, service and

optimization of state revenues in customs and excise

fields accordance the provisions of the legislation.

The term comprehending and regulation of Customs

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and Excise institution regulated in Law Number 17

In The Year 2006 about the amendment to Law

Number 10 In The Year 1995 on Customs.

The Functions of Customs and Excise is:

Formulation of policies are in the field of law

enforcement, service, and supervision of state

revenue optimization around customs and excise

duty;

Implementation of policies are in the field of

supervision of law enforcement, service and

optimization of state revenues in customs and excise

fields;

Formulation of norms, standards, rules, and

criteria are in the field of supervision, law

enforcement, services and optimization of state

revenues in customs and excise fields;

Provision of technical guidance and supervision

in the field of supervision, law enforcement, service

and optimization of accepting a country in the field

of customs and excise;

Conduct administer the Directorate General of

Customs and Excise;

Conduct implement other functions assigned by

the finance minister.

For the import of export goods, the customs law

basis is: Law Number 10 in The Year 1995 about

Customs as has amended by Law Number 17 of

2006; Regulation of the Minister of Finance Number

144/PMK.04/2007 about the expenditure on

imported goods for use, Regulation of the Director

General of Customs and Excise Number P-

42/BC/2008 about Guidelines for the Expenditures

of Imported Goods for use as amended by

Regulation of the Minister of Finance Number P-08

/BC/2009.

Goods import activities are to enter goods into

customs areas. Goods entered into customs areas are

treated as imported goods and are subject to import

duty.

Whereas export is activities of removing goods

from Indonesian customs areas and/or services from

the territory of the Republic of Indonesia (Article 1,

Law No 2 Year 2009).

The customs area is the territory of the Republic

of Indonesia which covers

the land, water, airspace

above it, as well as certain places in the Exclusive

Economic Zone and Continental Shelf.

As a government institution assigned to offer

oversight and import clearance of goods, the

Customs and Excise have an important role in

supporting the smooth flow of imported goods

traffic in customs areas. The purpose of supervision

by the government through Customs and Excise is to

increase state income or foreign exchange; as a tool

to protect domestic products (Protection), and to

supervision so that not all goods can freely enter and

exit illegally (smuggling) from and to Indonesian

customs areas.

The Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency-

regulated in several laws and regulations such as :

Law Number 16 Year 1992 on Animal, Fish and

Plant Quarantine; Government Regulation No. 82 In

The Year 2000 on Animal Quarantine; Government

Regulation No. 14 In The Year2002 on Plant

Quarantine; Constitution 25 In The Year 209 About

Public Delivery; and Constitution 14 In The Year

2008 about Public Information Openness.

The plant quarantine hall has the task of

carrying out working activities in quarantining

animals and plants as well as biosafety, animal and

vegetable supervision, conducting inspection, exile,

observation, treatment, restraint, rejection,

destruction and release of media carrying quarantine

plant disturbing organisms (organisme pengganggu

tumbuhan karantina/OPTK) and pest carrier media

animal quarantine diseases (media pembawa hama

penyakit hewan karantina /HPHK).

Plant Quarantine Center is obliged to carry out

work activities in the field of animal and plant

quarantine and biosafety, animal and vegetable

control, inspection, isolation, observation,

maintenance, restraint, rejection, destruction and

release of carrier media of quarantine plant

disturbing organisms (organisme pengganggu

tumbuhan karantina/OPTK) and pest carrier media

animal quarantine diseases (media pembawa hama

penyakit hewan karantina /HPHK).

Implementation of regional monitoring on

HPHK and OPTK, implementation of acquisitions of

HPHK and OPTK, Implementation of security

supervision of biasafety, animal, and vegetable;4.

Implementation of animal and plant quarantine work

services:

Implementation of operational service provision

for the control of animal and plant biosafety;

Management of information systems,

documentation, and facilities for animal and plant

quarantine techniques, Implementation of

supervision and prosecution, violation of laws and

regulations in the field of animal quarantine, plant

quarantine, and biodiversity, administration Sub-

division has a duty to make plans, evaluation, and

reporting, as well as business and household affairs,

Animal Quarantine Section has the duty to offer

animal quarantine operations, animal biosafety

supervision and technical facilities as well as

management of information systems and

documentation as well as supervision and

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enforcement of violations of laws and regulations in

the field of animal husbandry and biosafety, and

Plant Quarantine Section has the duty to provide

services for plant quarantine operations, biosafety

control, and technical facilities and management of

information systems and documentation as well as

supervision and law enforcement and regulatory

breaches in plant quarantine and biosafety.

PT (Persero) Pelabuhan Indonesia is a state-

owned enterprise (SOE) that tasked to use and

manage the ports cultivated throughout Indonesia.

Especially for Belawan Port, the existence of PT

(Persero) Pelabuhan Indonesia I as a business entity

arranged and port service providers in the

environment Belawan Port also serves port services

for export-import activities of goods and/or services.

In providing port services especially in the

export-import goods, PT (Persero) Pelabuhan

Indonesia I divides two types of business units, each

led by a General Manager of Pelabuhan Indonesia I

Belawan Branch which has a working area at

Belawan Ujung Baru Port and Belawan Lama

Harbor. Then for import-export goods by the

container served by business unit Belawan

International Container Terminal (BICT).

For port services of goods export-import PT

(Persero) Pelabuhan Indonesia I Belawan Branch

has implemented service loading and unloading

activities for 24 hours. Implementation of 24-hour

service system into a form of service to support the

activities and smooth flow of import-export goods,

with mechanical and non-mechanical work system.

A mechanical work system is a service that fully

utilizes machine tools by assigning to the type and

nature of the goods. While the non-mechanical

service system is a service that fully uses human

labor in this case loading workshops (Tenaga Kerja

Bongkar Muat/ TKBM) which managed by TKBM

cooperatives in Belawan Port.

To support achieve the work target of port

services of export-import goods, PT (Persero)

Pelabuhan Indonesia I Belawan Branch seeks to

make improvements such as; Improved port

facilities that always keep abreast of technology and

information, Improving the quality of human

resources in all service sectors, Improvement of

quality and performance of TKBM laborers through

a cooperation agreement with TKBM cooperatives,

Establish standard operating service regulations

(SOPs) for every port service including the smooth

flow of import-export goods, and establish work

targets that must meet by all parties as an effort to

improve port work.

Furthermore, for port service maids for import-

export goods by the container is done by Belawan

International Container Terminal (BICT) service

unit. As an international-class port, BICT Gabion

Belawan is a scalable work system intended for

providing excellent port service to its customers,

while increasing the work volume achievement of

the national average set by the government.

The increase of this working volume can see

from the data of the last 3 In In The Years are: In

The Year 2016 working capacity: 32 Box / Hour, In

The Year 2017 work capacity: 45 Box / Hour, In

The Year 2018 work capacity: 50 Boxes / Hour.

Achieve the increase in work capacity is quite far

above the government's average achievement of 38

Box / Hour.

Based on working performance data it avoids a

significant increase in the last 3 (three) period.

Improv work achievement cannot separate from the

improvement in various supporting bodies/sectors

such as: Increased HR, Competence, Capability; The

pattern of coöperation with all stakeholders; 24

hours system service to suppress Dwelling Time at

Gabion Belawan Harbor; Formulation of work

patterns and service SOPs rigorously; and Approach

and socialization of various rules of work to all

related parties, both government agencies and

service users to jointly build a commitment to

supporting behave port services conducted at BICT.

4 CONCLUSIONS

The port is a strategic facility in supporting

economic activities, especially in supporting the

smooth flow of goods and exports, it depends on the

coordination of all institutions that exist and run in

the work environment of Belawan Port; the

arrangement must always prioritize aspects of

harmonization and synchronization so as not to

cause conflict between one agency and another.

To support the smooth flow of export-import

goods at the port, each government institution such

as the Port Authorize; Syahbandar Port; Customs

and Excises; Animal and Plant Quarantine Center;

PT (Persero) Pelabuhan Indonesia I, Belawan

Branch, Belawan International Container Terminal

(BICT) and all parties using port services in export-

import activities must jointly start supporting

commitments through enforce their concerned

functions and duties in a professional way.

All relevant parties in the port in export-import

activities belong the world of port service users,

jointly show a joint arrangement that includes a

Synchronization of Function Arrangements Related Institutions in Supporting Flows of Export-import Goods in Belawan Ports

1599

committed to supporting the smooth flow of export-

import goods from/to Belawan Port.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This research was funded by University of Sumatera

Utara in accordance with TALENTA University of

Sumatera Utara Research Contract Year of Fiscal

2018 Number: 2590/UN5.1.R/PPM/2018 Date 16

March 2018.

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Gultom, E., 2006. Refungsionalisasi Pengaturan

Pelabuhan Untuk Meningkatkan Ekonomi Nasional;

Jakarta, Raja Grafindo Persada.

Purba, H., 2005. Hukum Pengangkutan di Laut, Perspektif

Teori dan Praktek; Medan, Pustaka Bangsa Press.

Salim, A.A., 1994. Manajemen Pelayaran Niaga dan

Pelabuhan, Jakarta, Pustaka Jaya.

Soedjono, W., 1987. Hukum Pengangkutan Laut di

Indonesia dan Perkembangannya, Yogyakarta,

Liberty.

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