Local People’s Perception of the Management Principle of Lake Toba

Tourism Destination: Case Study on Simanindo District, Samosir

Regency

J. Pardosi

, Nurcahaya Bangun

Tourism Departement, Culture Science Faculty, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

Keywords: Tourism, Local People, Tourism Development, Attraction.

Abstract : The aim of the research is: 1) to find out the local people’s perception to the principal tourism destination

management in Lake Toba, Simanindo district, Samosir Regency, 2) to find out the model of sustainable

tourism development in Simanindo district Samosir regency. Franc Lynch method is used to take the sample

from local people’s aged 15-64 years old and obtained 95 respondent. Data type used represent primary by

using questionnaire with Likert scale in each question. Data analysis techniques using the value perception

and multiple regression analysis. The result from this research are: 1)The local people’s perception to the

principal way in managing tourism in Lake Toba in the positive area or good. 2) The model of the sustainable

tourism development should be stressed on the attraction and the human resource in Simanindo district.

1 INTRODUCTION

Lake Toba is a 1.145 km creater lake that an island

almost the size of Singapore in it’s center. It is the

widest lake inSouth East Asia and second biggest lake

in the world after Lake Victoria in Africa (Vazquez,

2004).

Prapat, Simarjarunjung, TanjungUnta,

Haranggaol and many other villages are some of

tourism destinations that located around Lake Toba.

However, one of the most favorite and famous

destinations is Simanindo a district in Samosir

Regency that has many tourist attraction. Located

right by the side of Lake Toba.Simanindo has a lot of

natural tourism attraction, culture, and local wisdom

custom that make Simanindo as one of the most

favorite destination for families to visit during

holiday.

The beautiful and magical Lake Toba along

withit’s tourism potential that surrounding Simanindo

as a valuable asset for local people and central

government as well. The developed tourism industry

surely give a big impact to the locals, like income

enhancement new livelihood and economic

enhancement through the visitors.

However, according to BadanPusatStatistik

(BPS) the amount of International visitors that come

to Sumatera Utara through Bandara Kualanamu in

January 2016 was decreased by 47,41% compare to

December 2015, meanwhile compare to January 2015

it was decreased by 41,69 %. In other words, overall

tourism in North Sumatera was decreasing, include

Lake Toba.

In 2015, the amount of local visitors that come to

Lake Toba during holiday season was also

decreasing, compare to the same time in 2014. Head

of Destination Management Organization (DMO)

said that the amount of visitors that come to Lake

Toba trough Parapat, Simalungun regency reach

22.000 people each day and most of them are from

Riau and West Sumatera.

According to government policy No. 50 of 2011

regarding Rencana Induk Pembangunan

Kepariwisataan Nasional (2010-2015), one of 10

prioritized tourism destinations to be developed is

Lake Toba. The aim of this policy is to increase the

amount of visitors to 1 million people in 2019 by

making Lake Toba a landscape Scenery and Geopark.

The targeted international visitors are from ASEAN

(Malaysia and Singapore), Europe (Netherland and

France), Australia and America, meanwhile the

targeted local visitors are from big cities like Java and

Sumatera.

The strategy that is used to develop Lake Toba is

only focusing on Attraction, Amenities, and

Accessibility; and most of them are physical

developments. However, to develop a tourism

1518

Pardosi, J. and Bangun, N.

Local People’s Perception of the Management Principle of Lake Toba Tourism Destination: Case Study on Simanindo District, Samosir Regency.

DOI: 10.5220/0010086115181523

In Proceedings of the International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches (ICOSTEERR 2018) - Research in Industry 4.0, pages

1518-1523

ISBN: 978-989-758-449-7

destination one should not depend only on

infrastructure, attraction and nature. Who lives

around Lake Toba also need to take part as well.

To develop means to follow the fundamental of

decentralization, using bottom up movement to

include local people (participatory) and do it together

(from and with people). Likewise, all stakeholders

that take part in developing the tourism need to

integrate and represented in planning, develop and

managing the operational of a tourism attraction.

Managing the tourism needs to involve all the

tourism stakeholders, including local people. To

make local people involve, they need to know what is

the real definition of tourism. After they got the real

definition, they can take part in planning,

implementation, supervising, acceptance and

utilization.

Sihabudin (2011) state thatperception is an

internal process done to select, evaluate, andorganize

stimuli from the external environment. Other than

that Samovar (2010) state that perception is how a

culture teaches their communities to see the world

differently. Perception allows human to get a new

knowledge. Perception change sensation to

information. If sensation is how sense work, then

perception is the way individual processing those

sense to information so it has a meaning.

People around Simanindo and the visitors have

different culture background, they were born and

raise in different place. People near Simanindoraised

with Toba culture that is why they have a very

different culture experience from visitors, and all the

references that they got from their culture will have a

big impact in shaping their mindset or how to

interpret something.

Simanindo district with all its tourism potential

along with its tourism development strategy turned

out to be the opposite from the amount of visitors that

come through Kualanamu, were its decreased

significantly. This topic is really interesting to be

studied, more over if it’s linked to local culture. Local

people who work in entrepreneurship need to be

studied, because one of the key to success is

sustainable tourism development.

2 RESEARCH METHOD

This research was done at Simanindo district,

Samosir Regency Province North Sumatera and held

from March 2018 –Juli 2018. This research

population is all the local people in

Simanindowithage from 15-64 years. Tihis

classification is taken because this age is a productive

age, especially in the tourism industry. Based on the

data from BPS Samosir regency of 2016, it was

known that population of Simanindo district with age

from 15-64 was 11.929 people. Sample calculation

using Frank Lynch’s formula (Irawan, 2016).

N



.p(1-p)

N







.p(1-p)

(1)

Based on the formula then it is set that the

research sample is 95 respondent. In this research, the

technic used in talking sample is purposive sampling.

Sample taking based on field observation on people

of Simanindo district who works as an entrepreneur,

because a side from being a productive local people

they also take part in managing the tourism based on

their business.

Descriptive quantitative methodology is used to

describe the problem focus in this research. The

research is an explanatory research which is

concerned to its variable and also the influence of

each variable to one another.

Primary data is taken directly from the source

trough interviewing the informant. The respondents

come from different background and demography

secondary data is taken trough documentary studying

from BPS, Direktorat Jenderal Kependudukan dan

Catatan Sipil, Dinas Pariwisata, dan Dinas

Perhubungan Sumatera Utara.

The methodology used in analyzing data is

perception value through analyzing the average score

and multiple regression. Value perception analyzes

explained the data and score achieved from the field

and the presented in a table. Regression analyzes used

to find out the direction of the dependent and

independent variables. The multiple linear regression

model as follows :

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





 







 







 







 

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(2)

The effects of independent variables to

dependent variables is examined with a confidence

interval 95% or α=0,05. The hypothesis test used a

simultant test (test-F) and partial test (test t). The

independent variables in this research are service (x

1),

attraction (x

2),

Human resource (x

, Nature (x

, and

participation (x

5).

Whilst the dependent variables are

tourism sustainable development (y)

Local People’s Perception of the Management Principle of Lake Toba Tourism Destination: Case Study on Simanindo District, Samosir

Regency

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3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Validity test is done by comparing the value of

corrected item – total correlation in each question to

“r” value of the variable. Suntoyo (2009) stated that,

if the value of the correlated item – total correlation

count

table

and the value positively, then each question

on the variable is valid. Value of r

table

ondf=n-2=95-

2=93 and α=0,05 is 0,169. There is no value of

correlated item – total correlation under 0,169 in this

research, then every single question is valid.

Suntoyo (2009) said that, every question is

reliable if the answer given to the question is

consistently the same time to time. The reliable

measurement used the statistics test of cronbach

alpha. According to Suntoyo (2009).”A construct is

reliable if only gives a value of cronbach alpha > 0,60.

In this research, every cronbach alpha for each

variable has value above 0,60, then it is considered

reliable. Based on the result of validity and reliability,

the instrument is good for actual measurement.

Classical assumption tests such as normality,

heteroscedasticity, and multicollinearity are qualified

for multiple regression analysis, then that the

regression model obtained best linear unbiased

estimator.

A perception value analysis explained that the

data and the numeral found from the field is described

in table. And then, the analyzed data shown to figure

out mean (the average), and then the conclusion is

made based on the score achieved. The average value

on the dependent variable id 4,29 or 85%. The result

shows that the local people’s perception to the

principal way in managing the tourism in Lake Toba

in the positive area or good.

The positive perception is a great asset for

sustainable tourism development in Simanindo

district. When local people’s perception are positive

to the principles of tourism management, the foam

community can be optimized.

The effect of independent variables to the

dependent variable is examined by comparing F

count

and F

table

on the confidence interval 95% or α=0,05.

count

can be seen on table 1.

Table 1. The Result of Simultan Test (Test-F)

ANOVA

Model Sum of Squares F Sig.

Regression 10.988 11.542 .000

Residual 16.945

Total 27.932

Source: Processing Data Result

Based on table 1, variables of service, attraction,

human resource, nature and participation are

influenced to the tourism sustainability development

in Simanindosimultantly and significantly. This could

be know from table that showed F

count =

11,542is

bigger than F

table =

2,31. And the significantly is less

than 0,05, so the decision is rejected H

and accepted

Table 2.The Result of Regression Estimation

Model T Sig.

1 (Constant) 1.002 .319

Service .307 .760

Attraction 2.008 .048

Human Resource 2.055 .043

Nature 1.241 .218

Participation .510 .611

(Constant) 1.002 .319

Source: Processing DataResult

Based on table 2 above resulting multiple linear

regression model as follows :

Y= 0,591 + 0,043 X

+ 0,326 X

+ 0.287 X

+ 0,168

+ 0,045 X

+ e

The result of the multiple linear regression made

conclusion that service, attraction, human resource,

nature, and participation have a positive relationship

to the sustainable tourism development in Simanindo

district. This could be know from table that showed

positive value on all of variables.

Based on table 3 ; variable of service, nature, and

participation has no significant influence to

sustainable tourism development in Simanindo

district. Meanwhile, Attraction and Human resource

significantly give positive impact to the variable of

sustainable tourism development in Simanindo

district.

ICOSTEERR 2018 - International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches

1520

Table 3.The Result of Partial test (T-test)

Model

Unstandardized Coefficients

B Std. Error

(Constant) .591 .589

Service .043 .140

Attraction .326 .162

Human Resource .287 .140

Nature .168 .136

Participation .045 .088

Source: Processing Data Result

This could be know from t-test. Service variable

has t

count =

0,307, while t

table

gain 1,66, so that

count

table

, makes H

rejected and H

is accepted. This

means that variable of service has no significantly

effect to the sustainable tourism development in

Simanindo district.

Based on t-test, it is found that attraction variable

has t

count =

2,008, while t

table

gain 1,66, so that

count

table

, makes H

accepted and H

is rejected. This

means that variable of attraction give significantly

influence to the sustainable tourism development in

Simanindo district.

Through the t-test, human resource variable has

count =

2,005, while t

table

gain 1,66, so that t

count

table

makes H

accepted and H

is rejected. This means that

variable of human resource give significantly

influence to the sustainable tourism development in

Simanindo district.

From the t-test, nature variable has t

count =

1,241

while t

table

gain 1,66, so that t

count

table

, makes H

rejected and H

is accepted. This means that variable

of nature has no significantly effect to the sustainable

tourism development in Simanindo district.

From the t-test, participation variable has t

count

0,501 while t

table

gain 1,66, so that t

count

table

, makes

rejected and H

is accepted. This means that

variable of participation has no significantly effect to

the sustainable tourism development in Simanindo

district.

Based on the results of estimation of regression

and simultaneous test, it is known that sustainable

tourism development has a positive relationship and

influenced silmultan to service variables, attractions,

human resources, environment, and participation.

Therefore, the development of sustainable tourism

based on the local community can be directed to the

following points:

1. Increasing the ability of local community

services to tourists visiting tourist

destinations with emphasis on hospitality

and willingness to help

2. Preservation and creation of both natural and

cultural tourist attractions that are a source

of uniqueness and attractiveness of tourists

3. Increasing the capacity and quality of the

community in the tourism sector

4. Increasing the position and participation of

the community in planning, implementing,

monitoring and evaluating tourism

development

5. Environmental conservation

The results of this study are consistent with the

conclusions conveyed by Suansri (2003) and Sunaryo

(2013), that the development of sustainable tourism

based on local communities can be directed by

increasing the capacity, role, quality, position and

role of the community. Nevertheless, based on the

results of partial tests there are two variables that

influence the development of sustainable tourism in a

significantly positive way, namely; attractions and

human resources.

Tourist attractions are an important component in

tourism. Attractions are one of the core factors of

attracting the touristsmovementto tourism

destinations. There are two functions of attractions,

namely as a tourism stimulant and as one of the main

tourism products to attract visitors. Tourist attractions

must be well managed by the local community,

whatever their nature, culture, or special interests

Based on this research, in addition to Attractions,

Human Resources also has a significant positive

influence on sustainable tourism development in

Simanindo District. That is, the quality of human

resources must be improved to support tourism

development. Human resources in this case local

communities are required to understand tourism,

active in tourism associations, and capable in foreign

languages

4 CONCLUSION

Based on the research result, the conclusions are :

1. The local people’s perception to the principal

way in managing the tourism in Lake Toba in

the positive area or good.

2. The Model of the sustainable community-based

tourism development in Simanindo district is as

follows:

Local People’s Perception of the Management Principle of Lake Toba Tourism Destination: Case Study on Simanindo District, Samosir

Regency

1521

Figure 1: The Model of the Sustainable Tourism Development

Based on the research result, the suggestions are

1. In order to realize the Long and Medium

Term Development Tourism Plan, the

Samosir Regency Government is advised to

make policies that touch the local community

2. Local communities must improve their

personality and environment in order to

support the formation of sustainable tourism

development.

3. Local communities have an important role in

the development of sustainable tourism,

therefore it is suggested that further

researchers explore the needs and strategies

of local community development.

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Attracti

Humanresource

preservation

Creativity&i

novation



Cheapcost

Educationand

training

Tourismass

ociation

Languageabili

ToSee,ToDo,To

Buy

Strengthening

Tourism



Sustainable

Economy Social Culture Ecology

Localpeople

Service

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Participatio

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Local People’s Perception of the Management Principle of Lake Toba Tourism Destination: Case Study on Simanindo District, Samosir

Regency

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