Analysis of Pulp Chamber Size on Mandibular Second Molar using

Biometric Methods on Panoramic Radiograph in Mongoloid

Malayan Race Female Population

Dewi Kartika

, Fitri Yunita Batubara

Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia

Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia

Jl. Alumni No. 2 Kampus USU, Medan

Keywords : Pulp chamber, taurodontism, biometric methods, panoramic radiography, mandibular second molar

Abstract : The pulp chamber size is very important to be known by a dentist. Anomalies can occur in the chamber of the

pulp, called taurodontism. Second molar in mandible is a tooth that can experience taurodontism. This

anomaly can affect the success in endodontic treatment. This research aims to determine the pulp chamber

size on mandibular second molar in Mongoloid Malayan Race female population using biometric methods,

and to compared the pulp chamber size between two regions of the mandible (right and left). Materials and

Methods: this research was an analytical study with cross-sectional method. Samples obtained based on

research criteria with a total sample of 104 panoramic radiograph. The pulp chamber was measured using

biometric method and analysed using Chi-Square analysis. Results: prevalence of normal pulp chamber size

was 62,5%, and anomaly (taurodontism) 37,5%. Statistically, the difference taurodontism in the second

molar between the two mandibular regions (right and left) was insignificant Conclusion: taurodontism can be

diagnosed by biometric methods on panoramic radiographs. Female may also have anomaly pulp chamber

size (taurodontism) in mandibular especially in second molar

1 INTRODUCTION

Teeth have a pulp chamber that is in inside the crown.

Pulp chamber on posterior teeth is only one.

Mandibular molar is the multirooted teeth and has the

pulp chamber. It have a floor at the cervical portion

withan opening or each root canal (Scheid RC, 2017).

The pulp chamber anomaly can affecting the size

of morphology in permanent dentition or called by

taurodontism. The aetiology of taurodontism is

unclear. Taurodontism is the pulp chamber which

enlarges toward apical in the bifurcation area of the

tooth, so that the pulp chamber is larger than its

normal size (Scheid RC, 2017).

Taurodontism is an anomaly where the dentist

must identify it before endodontic treatment.

Taurodontism can make treatment procedures more

difficult to find root orifice, cleansing and filling the

root canal material (obturation) (Marques-da-Silva B,

2010).

Taurodontism diagnosis is performed by

radiographic. In the panoramic radiograph, this

anomaly can be measured by biometric method and

classified as hypodont, mesodont, and hyperdont

(Hegde V, 2013). Taurodontism can occur in

mandibular second molar. It is more common in

second molar teeth (43%) than first molar teeth (12%)

(Cakici F, 2015). Females are often found compared

to males, 293 teeth had taurodontism, 179 in females

and 114 in males (Mosfeghi M, 2015), female 19,6%

than males 13,4% (Abosede YT, 2015).

Indonesia is largely a Mongoloid Race, consisting

of Proto and Deutro Melayu or called as Mongoloid

Malayan Race. Identification of the size of pulp

chamber and anomaly such as taurodontism can

helpful dentist to prevent treatment accidents,

especially in endodontic treatment. The purpose of

this research was to analyze the size of mandibular

second molar pulp chamber in population of

Mongoloid Malayan Race female using biometric

method and to compared the size from the second

molar pulp chamber between the right and left region

mandibular.

676

Kartika, D. and Batubara, F.

Analysis of Pulp Chamber Size on Mandibular Second Molar using Biometric Methods on Panoramic Radiograph in Mongoloid Malayan Race Female Population Malayan Race Female

Population.

DOI: 10.5220/0010083706760678

In Proceedings of the International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches (ICOSTEERR 2018) - Research in Industry 4.0, pages

676-678

ISBN: 978-989-758-449-7

2 METHODOLOGY

This study was an analytical study with cross-

sectional method. Samples were female patients in

Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Universitas Sumatera

Utara aged between 19 until 25 years and in

accordance with the research criteria. Inclusion

criteria are two previous generations of Mongoloid

Malayan Race, it has complete mandibular second

molar in right and left region, and exclusion criteria

was root fractures. The patient carried out panoramic

radiography, and then analyzed by biometric method.

The total radiograph analyzed was 52 photos. This

study was carried out with approval from the

Research and Ethics committee Faculty of Medicine

in Universitas Sumatera Utara/ Rumah Sakit Umum

Pemerintah Haji Adam Malik.

Assessment of the size pulp chamber mandibular

second using biometric method (CB/R). CB line is

determined by connecting point C (Crown) and point

B (Body). Point C is the lowest part of the occlusal

part and point B is in the bifurcation section. After

that the R line is determined by connecting point B

and point R (Root). Point R is in the root apex (Figure

1). The classification (CB/R) are cynodont (normal)

< 1,10; hypodont : 1,10 – 1,29; mesodont : 1,30 –

2,00; hyperdont : >2.

Figure 1. Biometric method to measure pulp chamber

(Hegde V, 2013).

This research using Chi-square analysis, to

compare the prevalence of the anomaly of pulp

chamber size (taurodontism) between right and left

region groups and p<0.05 was statistically significant.

3 RESULTS

The study group compared the anomalies of pulp

chamber size or taurodontism in second molars

between in two regions of mandible (right and left)

and age range of between 19 until 25 years. Analysis

of the data showed that 47 mandibular second molar

of the subject have anomaly pulp chamber size

(taurodontism), hypodont (24%), mesodont (20,2%),

and hyperdont (1%) (Table 1).

Table 1: Prevalence of pulp chamber size mandibular

second molar in Mongoloid Malayan Race female

population

Types N %

Cynodont (Normal)

Hypodont

Mesodont

Hyperdont

62,50

24,0

12,5

Total 104 100

Comparison of the occurrence of taurodontism in

mandibular second molars between two sides

mandibular was analysed in Table 2, as shown was

no statistically significant difference with p>0,05.

Table 2: Comparison of the presence of taurodontism in

mandibular second molar on right and left region using chi-

square test

Region Types of Taurodontism (N) Total P

Hypo-

dont

Meso-

dont

Hyper-

dont

Right

Left

0,05

4 DISCUSSION

The results in this research is a group of Mongoloid

Malayan Race female dental patient have shown the

prevalence pulp chamber size mandibular second

molars 62,5% normal (cynodont) and 37,5%

(anomaly) (Table 1), that is hypodont (24%),

mesodont (12,5%), and hyperdont (1%). Prevalence

of hypodont is common than mesodont and

hyperdont. This result is same in previous study.

Research from Gupta and Saxena obtained the result

Analysis of Pulp Chamber Size on Mandibular Second Molar using Biometric Methods on Panoramic Radiograph in Mongoloid Malayan

Race Female Population Malayan Race Female Population

677

of hypodont type more common in 32 mandibular

second molars than mesodont (24 teeth) and

hyperdont (11 teeth) (Gupta SK, 2013).

In the Nigerian population also found similar

results with this study, the hypotaurodont type

(14,7%) more often appears compared to other types

(mesodont 4%, hyperdont 0,4%) (Abosede YT,

2015). Prevalence of anomaly of pulp chamber size

mandibular second molar (taurodontism) in this study

is greater than the research of Abosede and Efunyemi.

Differences in these results can occur indicating

ethnic diversity in different populations.

Statistically,

the results from this research were no difference for

the occurrence of second molar taurodontism in both

mandible regions (right and left) significantly. The

result is same likes Abosede and Efunyemi’s study,

both the right and the left regions have almost the

same percentage that is 37,5% dan 31,3%.

5 CONCLUSION

In this study, it is seen that mandibular second molars

from female may also have anomaly pulp chamber

size (taurodontism). Although panoramic

radiography is a type of extraoral radiography, but

analysis using biometric method in panoramic

radiograph can be useful to diagnose condition of

morphology pulp chamber before doing the

endodontic treatment. If the type of pulp chamber size

is known, it can be easier to help find the location of

the root orifice and prevent treatment failure in

endodontic treatment.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors thank to all those who assist in

completing this research, especially those who

provide financial assistance. This research was

funded by TALENTA Research Universitas

Sumatera Utara, year: 2018 with number:

49/UN5.2.3.1/PPM/KP-TALENTA USU/2018

(dated March 16, 2018).

REFERENCES

Abosede YT, Efunyemi AV., 2015. Prevalence of

taurodontism in mandibular molars among patients at a

Dental Care Institution in Nigeria. Int J Oral Dent

Health; pp 1-4.

Cakici F, Benkli YA, Cakici EB., 2015. The prevalence of

taurodontism in a North Anatolian dental patient

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Gupta SK, Saxena P., 2013. Prevalence of taurodontism

and its association wuth various oral conditions in an

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Hegde V, Anegundi RT, Pravinchandra KR., 2013

Biometric analysis : a reliable indicator for diagnosing

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Marques-da-Silva B, Filho FB, Abuabara A, Moura P,

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