Marriage Role Expectation on Muslim Z-generation

Rahma Yurliani

, Indri Kemala

and Liza Marini

Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr Mansyur No.7, Medan, Indonesia

Departement of Developmental Psychology, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

Keywords: Marriage Role Expectation, Muslim Z Generation

Abstract : Marriage role expectation in each generation is different and there are changes .influenced by cultural shifts

Religion is one of culture element that influenced the role shift and division of duties in marriage. Dunn

(1960) distinguished the marriage role expectation into two,the traditional and the egalitarian. This method

in this research is descriptive which aims to describe marriage role expectation of Muslim adolescents from

Z-generation by using icidental sampling technique. The data in this research was taken by using

psychometric measurement (scale) in the form of Marriage Role Expectation Inventory developed by Marie

S Dunn (1960). The results showed that marriage role expectation of muslim adolescents from Z-generation

in Medan city are egalitarian. From the total of 510 studied subjects, there are 5 people (0.98%) were

classified as traditional, 96 people (18.82%) were not classified, while 409 people (80.20%) were classified

as egalitarian.

1 INTRODUCTION

The advances of technology today can’t be

controlled anymore. Children and adolescents who

are still students have been skilled in using

technology, they are called Z-generation.Z-

Generation is for children who were born from 1995

to 2010. They prefer to interact with computers and

communicate through online system so that they

have the tendency not to hang out with their friends.

Bhakti and Safitri (2017) said, children from Z-

generation are children who are used to

communicate using social media such as facebook,

twitter, and others.

This Z-generation is the generation that is now

mostly from the age of early adolescence and even

only some that have just started entering college.

Currently the population of Z-generation who are at

active school age, both the elementary level and the

level of higher education ,is very large for the late

adolescence (Biro Pusat Statistik, 2015).

Adolescence is an age of transition from

childhood to adulthood. At this age, adolescents will

face dramatic changes in both biological, cognitive,

and psychosocial (Papalia, Olds, & Feldman, 2009).

Adolescents will gain new experiences as well as

new developmental tasks. The developmental task of

adolescence centers on the countermeasures of

attitudes and childish behavioral patterns ,and

prepares for the adulthood. One of the

developmental tasks of adolescence according to

Havighurst in is to prepare marriage and family.

Most adolescents hope that they will marry in the

future(Manning, Longmore, & Giordano, 2007).

Hopes and expectations that they will marry,

increasing by age (Gassanov, Nicholson, & Koch-

Turner, 2008).

Staines and Libby in Ashmore and Boca (1986)

stated that the expectations of a person determine the

role that will be borne by the couple in married life.

Role expectation is a belief related to the quality,

behavior, and characteristics attributed to a role that

can be given to an individual by others or by himself

(Hogg & Vaughan, 2011). Role expectation also

occurs in married life.

Dunn (1960) describes the marriage role

expectation as role anticipation in married life

depicted in the traditional roles and the egalitarian

roles. Marriage role expectation into two, the

traditional and the egalitarian. The traditional model

is a model of marriage with the husband as the only

source of income in the family, the wife is

responsible for the work in the household, the wife

is responsible for taking care and raising the child,

and the husband is responsible for making all

decisions related to the household issues.

1486

Yurliani, R., Kemala, I. and Marini, L.

Marriage Role Expectation on Muslim Z-Generation.

DOI: 10.5220/0010083514861489

In Proceedings of the International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches (ICOSTEERR 2018) - Research in Industry 4.0, pages

1486-1489

ISBN: 978-989-758-449-7

Vice versa, the egalitarian model is a model in

which husband and wife share roles in financial

responsibilities, house chores, caring and raising the

child, and making decisions on issues in the

household.

Environment is one of factors that affect

marriage role expectation as parents, school, peers,

media and culture provide role models for a person.

These role models teach the roles that everyone must

play in their position. The role and division of

women and men's tasks is largely determined by

cultures.

Religion is one of culture elements. Role

model in the religion of Islam explained that the

greatest responsibility in the family is to be on the

shoulders of the leader,that is a husband. While the

main duty of a wife is to take care, educate the child

and keep the household well. This is in line with the

cultural conditions in Indonesia where women are

positioned as housewives who have to perform a

domestic role (Azizah, 2016). The current reality

with the development of technology, industry and

education have an influence on the shifting role and

division of the tasks for women and men (Putra,

2017). These are the underlying reasons on why

researchers are interested to look for depiction of

marriage role expectation on Muslims from Z-

generation in Medan City.

1.1 Marriage Role Expectation

Dunn (1960) describes the marriage role expectation

in anticipation of the role in married life that is

depicted in the traditional role and the egalitarian

role. Dunn operationally define the traditional and

the egalitarian description in four points. Traditional

roles in marriage are:

1) Husband as the main source of income

in the family

2) The wife's main role is limited around

the house

3) Wife has primary responsibility to take

care of the children

4) Husband has the responsibility to make

decisions in the family

The role of egalitarian in marriage is defined as

the married life in which both wife and husband:

1) Share financial responsibility

2) Share house chores responsibility

3) Share responsibility in parenting

4) Share responsibility on making

decisions in the family

1.2 Z-Generation

Z-generation is a generation of people born near the

year of 2000 (1990 - present). This generation is

very comfortable and familiar with the virtual world

(digital) because they have been confronted with

technology since they were born, such as internet,

smartphone,video streaming, and social media. Their

consumption of such technology is enormous. One

of them is the tendency of internet usage. Z-

generation also has a trend to use sophisticated

equipment without worrying about its effects

(Wood, 2013). Z-generation is those born in the

period of 1995 to 2009, when the technologies are

developing so rapidly. This Z-generation is the

generation that is now mostly from the age of early

adolescence and even only some that have just

started entering college. Currently the population of

Z-generation who are at active school age, both the

elementary level and the level of higher education ,is

very large for the late adolescence (Biro Pusat

Statistik, 2015).

1.3 The Role of Husband and Wife in

Islam

In a marriage relationship husband and wife

determine the harmony in family. Family as a small

group in society demands a division of tasks

between husband and wife. Islam teaches that

husbands are the leader in the family, they are

responsible to fulfill the needs of his wife and

children. While the wife is responsible to manage

the household needs (Azizah, 2016).

The compilation of Islamic law stated that

,husband has obligations as a supervisor to his wife

and household, in other words, husband makes more

decisions in domestic affairs, provides financial for

his children and wife such as household expenses,

medical expenses and education for the children.

Wife has obligations, such as to obey the husband,

obliged to settle at husband’s house and obliged to

nurture and educate children well (Nasution, 2015).

2 METHOD

This study used descriptive method that aims to

provide a description of the subject in the research.

According to data from the variables obtained from

the group of studied subjects and not intended for

hypothesis testing. The samples used in this study

are samples that match the characteristics of

adolescence population from the Z-generation and

are Muslim. The sampling technique used in this

Marriage Role Expectation on Muslim Z-Generation

1487

research is icidental sampling technique. Data taken

by using measuring instrument of Marriage Role

Expectation Scale adapted from marriage role

expectation by Marie S Dunn (1960) that is

Marriage Role Expectation Inventory. This scale is

taken from the journal of Marriage and Family

Living entitled with Marriage Role Expectation of

Adolescents by Marrie S. Dunn (1960) which

consists of two scales, the scale for adolescents boys

and girls. The reliability of the measuring instrument

is measured using Cronbach Alpha technique that is

assisted with the data analyst program

3 RESULT

Table 1. The Grouping of Marriage Role

Expectation Subject

Score

Range

Category Frequency Percentage

X < -8.4 Traditional 5 0.98%

-8.4≤ X ≤

5.4

Not

Classified

96 18.82

X > 5.4 Egalitarian 409 80.20

Total 510 100%

Based on the results, from the total of 510 studied

subjects, there are 5 people (0.98%) were classified

as traditional, 96 people (18.82%) were not

classified, while 409 people (80.20%) were

classified as egalitarian

4 DISCUSSION

This study provides results on the description of

marriage role expectation of muslim adolescents

from Z-generation. The results of data analysis that

has been exposed shows that marriage role

expectation of Muslim adolescents from Z-

generation is classified as egalitarian.

One of the developmental tasks in adolescence

according to Havighurst in Hurlock (2003) is to

prepare marriage and family. Most adolescents wish

that they will marry in the future, hopes and

expectations that they will marry (Hogg & Vaughan,

2011). Role expectation is a belief related to the

quality, behavior, and characteristics attributed to a

role that can be given to an individual by others or

by himself. Role expectation also occurs in married

life. Dunn

(1960) describes the marriage role

expectation as role anticipation in married life

depicted in the traditional roles and the egalitarian

roles.

Marriage role expectation is influenced by

several factors, one of it is the environment and

childhood experiences (Dunn, 1960). Values taught

in childhood may have an effect on children, one of

which is the value of religion. Islam taught us about

the role of husband and wife. Islam teaches that

husbands are the leader in the family, they are

responsible to fulfill the needs of his wife and

children. While the wife is responsible to manage

the household needs (Azizah, 2016).

The compilation of Islamic law stated that

,husband has obligations as a supervisor to his wife

and household, in other words, husband makes more

decisions in domestic affairs, provides financial for

his children and wife such as household expenses,

medical expenses and education for the children.

Wife has obligations, such as to obey the husband,

obliged to settle at husband’s house and obliged to

nurture and educate children well

(Nasution,

2015)

The role of husband and wife in Islam

corresponds to the traditional type, where Steil and

Weltman (1991) stated that traditionally, the wife is

considered the task on doing things related to her

personal relationships, so that she is really

dependent towards her husband. Meanwhile, the

husband is in charge of financial support, so the

husband must do things related to achievement and

power. In this case, the husband can be freed from

the responsibilities of the household.

However with the social changes that are

caused by the advance of science technology

towards the direction of modernization, impacted on

the mindset of women about the desired life in line

with the circumstances encountered in the

environment. The more advance the education and

technology are , as more opportunities for today's

housewives to get a job, the scope of tasks and

obligations of wife as housewife increasingly wider

(Azizah, 2016). For the Z-generation ,information

and technology are things that have become part of

their lives, because they are born where access to

information, especially the Internet has become a

global culture, so that it affects their values, views

and life goals (Putra,2017).

The proximity between Z-generation and

internet access also opens access of intolerant views

that ignore the importance of diversity values. The

findings of the Jakarta PPIM (Center for Islamic

Studies and Society) survey showed that more than

half of high school students and university students

get religious knowledge through the internet such as

ICOSTEERR 2018 - International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches

1488

social media, blogs and even news sites in the

network (online). The phenomenon of seeking

religious information through the internet is

supported by the presence of "Ulama-ulama" or

known as Moslem scholars in social media and other

sites. In a follow-up analysis, the PPIM survey

found that a Z-generation that did not have internet

access had a more moderate opinion than those who

were connected to the internet.

5 CONCLUSIONS

This study conclude that marriage role expectation

of muslim adolescents from Z-generation in Medan

city are egalitarian. From the total of 510 studied

subjects, there are 5 people (0.98%) were classified

as traditional, 96 people (18.82%) were not

classified, while 409 people (80.20%) were

classified as egalitarian.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The research was funded by Universitas Sumatera

Utara through Talenta Program. This program is part

of the work plan the university in 2018. We would

also like to thank the participation of research

institutes to become our research reviewer. The

authors would like to thank all the college students

who participated in this study. Lastly we would like

to thank the college students as research assistants

contributed to gather data for this study.

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