Comparison Malondialdehyde (MDA) Level between Obesity Non

Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity with Metabolic Syndrome Patients

Maya Savira

, Rusdiana

, Sry Suryani Widjaja

and M. Syahputra

Departement of Physiology,Medical Faculty, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. dr. Mansur no.5, Medan, Indonesia

Departement of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. dr. Mansur no.5, Medan, Indonesia

Keywords Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, Malondialdehyde, MDA.

Abstract The main factor of metabolic syndrome in the development country is obesity. In normal weight the defences

of antioxidant and counterparts are higher than obese patients it is correspond in reverse with central adiposity.

The increasement of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species levels is one of the markers of obesity. In Human

and mice there is correlation between systemic oxidative stress with fat accumulation. A biomarker that is

commonly used to assess the oxidative stress is Malondialdehyde (MDA). This study purposed to analyze the

comparison of MDA level between obesity non metabolic and obesity with metabolic syndrome patients in

Murni Teguh Hospital, Medan, North Sumatera. Obesity patients with over 40 years old of age were

participated in this research. They are examined by the weight, height, waist size and blood pressure. The

clinical laboratory tests of fasting blood sugar and lipid profile was measured in Thamrin clinical laboratory,

then we divided in to two groups which are obesity non metabolic syndrome and obesity with metabolic

syndrome, after that we measured the MDA level. The data were analyzed using T-test and found that there

was statistically significant difference between MDA level in obesity non metabolic syndrome and obesity

with metabolic syndrome (p<0.005).

1 INTRODUCTION

One of a serious nutritional state is obesity. Because

of obesity, the risk of the death that caused from

several pathologies, such as hypertension,

dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease,

stroke, non-alcoholic fatty liver and sleep apnea are

increased. Obesity is categorized by Body Mass

Index (BMI) that is formulated by dividing the weight

(in kilograms) by the square of height (in meters).

BMI is categorized by the mortality data of the

caucasian, obesity is indexed by ≥30 kg/m2,

overweight is indexed by > 25 kg/m2 (Buchwald and

Oien, 2013). The main factor of metabolic syndrome

in the development country is obesity (Montague and

O’Rahilly, 2000), (Matsuzawa, 1999), (Spiegelman

and Flier, 2001), (Kahn and Flier, 2000

). Metabolic

syndrome is a condition that characterized by

visceralobesity, increasing trygliceride levels and

glucose and decreasing High Density Lipoprotein

(HDL) and hypertension that can cause a greater risk

incidence of type 2 DM and cardiovascular deseases

(Bassett and WHO, 2000), (Stern, 2004

). Prevalences

of metabolic syndrome varies greatly it is caused by

uniformity criterias that used to determine, ethnic

difference, sex and age. It can be confirmed that

metabolic syndrome likely to increase parallels with

obesity or central obesity prevalences (Sargowoand

Andarini, 2011), (Carr, 2004), (Pusparini, 2007

Several different studies have shown a relation

between changes in redox state and increased

metabolic risk (Warolin, 2013), (Tran, 2012),

(Krzystek-Korpacka, 2008), (Codoñer-Franch,

2012), (Hermsdorff, 2012), (Karaouzene, 2011).

Accumulation of macrophage in adipose tissue is the

frequent chronic condition that associates with

metabolic dysfunction with oxidative stress state in

the worldwide (Grundy, 2009

). In obese patients

increasing of reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and

decreasing of defense mechanism (decreased

antioxidant erzymes) will be marked as oxidative

stress (Keaney., 2003), (Olusi, 2002

). Oxidative

stress may occur because the proliferation of

apoptosis and endothelial cell, systemic inflammation

and the increasement of vasoconstriction which

individually or all together leads to endothelial

644

Savira, M., Rusdiana, ., Widjaja, S. and Syahputra, M.

Comparison Malondialdehyde (MDA) Level between Obesity Non Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity with Metabolic Syndrome Patients.

DOI: 10.5220/0010081806440647

In Proceedings of the International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches (ICOSTEERR 2018) - Research in Industry 4.0, pages

644-647

ISBN: 978-989-758-449-7

dysfunction (Huang, 2015). Lipid peroxidation

(LPO) is a reaction that occurred between free

radicals and polyunsaturated fatty acid on cell

membrane structure, LPO is the process which free

radicals take the unstable molecules from the lipids

that will cause successive oxidations and leads to

lipid instability, cell damage and the formation of

malondialdehyde (MDA) (Olusi, 2002

). (Tinahones,

2008). reported a significant decrease in antioxidant

capacity in severely obese patients (Tinahones,

2008

). The metabolic syndrome pathogenesis and

various diseases commonly associated with oxidative

stress

(Brownlee, 2001). The most common

biomarker that used to determine oxidative stress

state in various diseases including psychiatry, asthma,

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,

cardiovascular and many other diseases is

malondialdehyde (MDA). The methods that

frequently used to measure the MDA level in the

biological fluids is Thiobarbitoric acid (TBA) assay

and enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA)

(Zhang, 2002

). One of the important indicator of LPO

for many diseases that can be used is the monitoring

of MDA levels in biological fluids. The endogenous

formation of MDA during intracellular oxidative

stress and its reaction with DNA forms MDADNA

adducts which makes it an important biomarker of

endogenous DNA damage. The methods that useful

to predict the oxidative stress levels is to determinate

the MDA levels in blood

plasma or tissue homogenates (Zhang, 2002

). The

MDA association with plasma lipoproteins alters the

lipid structures via apoprotein or apoprotein lipid

associations (Verma, 1985

). Therefore this study

purposed to analyze the comparison of

malondialdehyde levels between obesity non

metabolic syndrome and obesity with metabolic

syndrome patients.

2 METHODS

This is a descriptive analytic with cross-sectional

design study. Included 40 subjects consecutive

sampling used to enroll the sample. The approval of

this research was obtained from Health Research

Ethical Committee, Medical Faculty of Universitas

Sumatera Utara/ H. Adam Malik General Hospital by

No: 263/TGL/KEPK FK USU-RSUP HAM/2018.

The inclusion criteria were aged >40 years old,

obesity people without medical history of diabetes or

malignant disease. Subjects devided two groups, one

group was obesity with metabolic syndrome and

other group was obesity without metabolic syndrome.

Each group consisted of 20 subjects. To determine

the

subject of the metabolic syndrome and non metabolic

syndrome we do the examination of the weight,

height, waist size, blood pressure, and clinical

laboratory tests

such as blood sugar levels and lipid

profile was done as well. After that we measured the

MDA level by using ELISA (enzyme-linked

immunoabsorbent assay) method. The data then

analyzed using statisical analysis, T-test.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Table 1. Baseline characteristic of 40 subjects

Obesity with

metabolic

syndrome

Obesity non

metabolic

syndrome

Age 53.9±11.3 44.55±10.8

BMI 33.86±5.0 31.75±4.0

Waist

size

107±10 104±15

FBG 101.85± 50.8 88.49±7.2

HDL 63.2±23.85 46.05 ±6.99

Trig 193.15±88.59 91.9±32.81

Sistol

139.85 ± 16.3 123 ± 155

Diast

ole

87± 8.4 81.3 ±9.1

MDA

22.29±7.22 20.11±17.16 <0.005

The

characteristic of the obesity subjects in this

research are shown in the Table above. In this

research the average age of the samples in group of

obesity non metabolic syndrome is 44.55 years old

and in group of obesity with metabolic syndrome is

53.9 years old, the average BMI of the samples in

group of obesity non metabolic syndrome is

31.75kg/m

and in group of obesity with metabolic

syndrome is 33.86 kg/m

, the average waist size of

the samples in group of obesity non metabolic

syndrome is 104 cm and in group of obesity with

metabolic syndrome is 107cm, the average FBS of the

samples in group of obesity non metabolic syndrome

is 88.9mg/dl and in group of obesity with metabolic

syndrome is 101.85mg/dl, the average systole of the

samples the samples in group of obesity non

metabolic syndrome is 123mmHg and in group of

obesity with metabolic syndrome is 139.85mmHg,

the average diastole of the samples in group of obesity

Comparison Malondialdehyde (MDA) Level between Obesity Non Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity with Metabolic Syndrome Patients

645

non metabolic syndrome is 81.3mmHg and in group

of obesity with metabolic syndrome is 87mmHg and

the average MDA level of the samples in group of

obesity non metabolic syndrome is 20.11 nmol/ml

and in group of obesity with metabolic syndrome is

22.2 nmol/ml. This study purposed to analyze the

comparison of malondialdehyde levels between

obesity non metabolic syndrome and obesity with

metabolic syndrome patients. The most common

biomarker that used to determine oxidative stress

state in various diseases including psychiatry, asthma,

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,

cardiovascular and many other diseases is

malondialdehyde (MDA). The imbalance between

oxidants derivatives production and antioxidants

defences will cause systemic oxidative stress. In this

study we compared the oxidative stress parameters

which is malondyaldehide in obesity non syndrome

metabolic and obesity with syndrome metabolic (Lay,

2014). In present study, MDA level was increased as

the grade of obesity increased which means higher in

the obesity with metabolic syndrome group.

Performed a similar study and reported that the

concentration of MDA increased with increasing

BMI, which MDA levels was found significantly

higher in overweight subjects and obese subjects

compared to normal-weight subjects (Sankhla, 2012).

The presence of factors that accelerates free-radical

production and loss or failure in neutralizing

damaging processes (antioxidants) characterizes

oxidative stress might be the cause. (Tinahones,

2008) reported a significant decrease in antioxidant

capacity in severely obese patients (Tinahones,

2008

). The metabolic syndrome pathogenesis and

various diseases commonly associated with oxidative

stress (Brownlee, 2001

4 CONCLUSION

In our study we found there was significant difference

between malondialdehyde levels in obesity non

metabolic syndrome and obesity with metabolic

syndrome (p<0.005).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors gratefully acknowledge that the present

research is supported by Ministry of Research and

Technology and Higher Education Republic

Indonesia, under research grant TALENTA USU of

Year 2018.

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