Describing Sections of the Body That Have Sick Due Working
using Standard Nordic Questionnaire (SNQ) at PT XYZ
Mangara M. Tambunan
1
, Humala L. Napitupulu
1
, Indah Rizkya
1
, Rahmi M. Sari
1
, Khalida
Syahputri
1
, and Ami I. Tarigan
1
1
Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatea Utara, Jl. Almamater, Padang Bulan, Medan,
Indonesia
Keywords: Standard Nordic Questionnaire.
Abstract: PT. XYZ is a company engaged in the manufacturing of doors. PT. XYZ process consists of 7 work stations,
namely sorting of raw material, the unification of the core material, reaping, laminating, manufacture of
components, finishing, and packing. Among 7 work stations, only 1 work station to work while standing still
during work (8 hours) and do not have any work that supports the work station finishing work station. The
purpose of this study is to make improvements to the facilities at the finishing work desk. Facility design
work is done by using quality methods to obtain technical characteristics in accordance with the desire of
works. Furthermore, the results of the design tools socialized to all component companies use macro
ergonomic analysis and design (MEAD). From the result of the design, the material frame of iron, the base
material of foam, the base material of leather, the colour frame brown, the place mats of blue, the durability
of the table at least 3 years, and additional function where the laying equipment. Result are discussed with
the company designing and disseminated to the component companies.
1 INTRODUCTION
Work process is one of the most important factors in
the company's progress, and is the key to success in
order to improve the efficiency of the company, and
can reduce the risk of injury (Mercado, 2018).The
work frequency and the discomfort level of workers
causes damage and abnormalities activities in some
parts of the body. The application of a work
combination and dynamic systems, different foot
functions when standing position, can reduce
inconvenience of work (Taha, 2008). Many studies
also find that the poor work postures are causes
sickness, stress, and stress at workplace. Losses such
as lost time, deteriorating health of employees and
decreasing a morality, eventually can decreases the
work productivity. Finally the company productivity
also decreases. The application of ergonomic
principles will help improve quality and
productivity, help better, help work and help while
doing work. Ergonomics applications related to
design and processes can reduce related work
(Maldonado and Macias, 2009), (Javier, 2008),
(Asim, 2012).
Standard nordic questionnaire can know the parts
of the muscles that have complaints with the level of
complaints ranging from discomfort (a little pain) to
very sick. By looking at and analyzing the snq body
map, it can be estimated the type and degree of
skeletal muscle complaints felt by workers (Lopez,
2018).
PT. XYZ is a company engaged in the
manufacturing of door leaf industry. The production
process of PT. Xyz consists of 7 workstations which
are sorting of raw materials, unification of core
materials, reinforcement, laminating, component
making, finishing and packing. Among 7
workstations, only 1 work station that works with
fixed standing position during work (8 hours) and
does not have other working facilities that support
the working position of the work station finishing.
The work load emphasizes the operator to the
maximum with a standing position against the desk.
Working in a standing position for a long time and
repeatedly pain against the body part.
204
Tambunan, M., Napitupulu, H., Rizkya, I., Sari, R., Syahputri, K. and Tarigan, A.
Describing Sections of the Body that Have Sick Due Working using Standard Nordic Questionnaire (SNQ) at PT XYZ.
DOI: 10.5220/0010076102040207
In Proceedings of the International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramification Researches (ICOSTEERR 2018) - Research in Industry 4.0, pages
204-207
ISBN: 978-989-758-449-7
Copyright
c
2020 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved
Macro ergonomics is a top-downsytemapproachs
for sociotechnical which cover work system design
and the application of overall work system design
from human - work, human -machinery and human –
software interraction. (Hendrick and Kleiner, 2001).
(Hendrick and Kleiner, 2002), (Abdollahpour,
etc, 2018) MEAD is macro ergonomic methods that
consist of ten stages used for assessing and
improving the work systems. MEAD methodology
concern to systematically mapping from
organisational problems and give a solutions by
involving all elements of the work system
(Purnomo, 2018), (Suzianti, 2018)
2 METHODOLOGY
The Research was conducted at PT. XYZ which is a
company engaged in the manufacture of door leaf.
The company is located in Medan, Tanjung Morawa.
The time of the study was conducted in 2016-
2017.This study was aims to determine the parts of
the body that experienced pain during work. The
steps in the processing of data are (1) spreading of
Standard Nordic Questionnaire (SNQ) questionnaire
and recapitulation and (2) calculation and mapping
of body condition.In the body map depicted body
parts that experience complaints based on the results
of the SNQ questionnaire
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
3.1 Distribution of SNQ Questionnaire
and Recapitulation
The first step is to spread SNQ questionnaire to
operator section finishing to know the complaints
experienced by operators. Questionnaire distributed
to all (15 people) worker finishing. Recapitulation
result can be seen in Table 1.
Table 1: Questionnaire SNQ
No
Body Part
Number of People Who Have
Complaints
No
Pain
A
little
pain
Pain
Ver
y
Pain
0
Upper
Neck
10
5
0
0
1
Lower
Neck
10
5
0
0
2
Left
10
5
0
0
3
11
4
0
0
4
15
0
0
0
5
12
3
0
0
6
15
0
0
0
7
15
0
0
0
8
15
0
0
0
9
15
0
0
0
10
15
0
0
0
11
15
0
0
0
12
14
1
0
0
13
14
1
0
0
14
15
0
0
0
15
14
1
0
0
16
15
0
0
0
17
15
0
0
0
18
0
5
10
0
19
0
5
10
0
20
0
5
10
0
21
0
5
10
0
22
0
7
8
0
23
0
7
8
0
24
0
10
5
0
25
0
10
5
0
26
1
9
5
0
27
1
9
5
0
The questionnaire is split complaints of pain in
28 parts of the human body into four scale of "no
pain", "a little pain", "pain", and "very pain". The
operator was asked to fill out the SNQ questionnaire
by being accompanied by the researcher in charge of
explaining the questions in the questionnaire to the
individual worker.
Explanation of the perceived category of
complaints operators at work are as follows:
1. Not pain (score 0), if the operator does not feel a
significant complaint against the body.
Describing Sections of the Body that Have Sick Due Working using Standard Nordic Questionnaire (SNQ) at PT XYZ
205
2. A little pain (score 1), if the operator only feel
the pain occasionally or tingling.
3. Pain (score 2), if the operator often feel pain or
sore against the body.
4. Very pain (score 3), if the operator experiencing
a sense of aches and pains of the old (still felt
even though the work is done).
3.2 Calculation and Mapping
Condition of Body Parts
Recapitulation of SNQ questionnaire results then
performed percentage calculations to determine the
pain conditions that occur in the body. The
calculated part of the percentage is only the score
part 2 (the pain) and the score part 3 (very pain).
Percentage of color complaint identification can be
seen in Table 2.
Table 2: Percentage of Color Complaints Identification
Percentage
Number of
Persons
Complaining
Color
Description
0 – 20 %
Little complaints
occur
21 - 40%
Frequent complaints
41 – 70 %
Complaints are very
frequent
71 - 100 %
Complaints almost
always occur
So, the calculations of the percentage and color
mapping are according to complaints found from the
results SNQ questionnaire. The results of the
mapping can be seen in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Mapping of Body Parts Complaints
Based on the above picture is given picture
explanation as Table 3.
Table 3: Description Figure
Symbol
Description
Complaints of illness occur
with 0% percentage on the neck,
shoulders, arms, hands, waist, and
buttocks
Complaints are very common
with a 67% presentation on the
thighs, knees and calves
The excesses often occur with a
33% presentation on the ankles and
soles of the feet
From the results of the SNQ questionnaire and
recapitulation of the SNQ questionnaire, it was
found that the affected body parts were the thighs,
knees, calves, ankles, and soles of the feet.
4 CONCLUSION
Conclusion from the observation and data
processing that was found that parts of the body that
experienced pain due to work are thighs, knees,
calves, ankles, and soles of the feet.
ICOSTEERR 2018 - International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramification Researches
206
ACKNOWLEGDEMENT
This work has been fully supported by TALENTA
Research Program (Universitas Sumatera Utara),
No:2590/UN5.1.R/PPM/2018, March 16th, 2018
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